One of the possible fields of usage of the I-2 linear proton accelerator of the Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (KCTEP) is the production of various types of radioisotopes. In this paper, the results of the first experimental studies are presented. In the framework of these studies, the main parameters of the proton beam were measured. Irradiation of a gaseous Xe-124 target with further extraction of the I-123 radioisotope from it were also performed. Based on the obtained results, proposals for the further accelerator systems’ upgrading, as well as the improvement of the target design, have been considered. The main purpose of these improvement is to ensure the possibility of obtaining I-123 activities at the level of several GBq.

The key elements of the compact accelerator-driving neutron source (CANS) dedicated to academic research and industrial applications (DARIA) have been developed. A pulsed proton linear accelerator with an energy of 13 MeV, a current of 100 mA, a pulse length of 100 μs, and a repetition rate of 100 pulses/s is under development for the DARIA CANS. An improved version of the GISMO ion source has been developed to generate the beam. The parameters of the accelerator line consisting of the RF quadrupole (RFQ) linac and the drift tube linac (DTL) have been determined by numerical simulation. The parameters and model of a hybrid magnetic lens for beam focusing are presented. A Faraday cup for diagnosing a high-intensity beam has been manufactured and tested. The developed prototypes of the target assembly based on beryllium and mesitylene moderator have confirmed the correctness of the selected engineering solutions. The physical parameters of the neutron-guiding systems have been determined in terms of the maximum luminosity of the device at a good instrumental resolution.

Nanoscale mechanisms of radiation hardening of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) heat-resistant steels EP-450 ODS and EP-823 ODS have been investigated after irradiation with 5.6-MeV Fe2+ ions with varying doses of radiation damage up to 100 dpa and temperatures in the range 350–500°C. The microstructure of the original and irradiated materials has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The strengthening of the radiation-modified layer of irradiated samples has been studied by the dynamic indentation method. Initial state analysis of the steels has showed that EP-450 ODS steel contains a larger amount of small oxide particles (up to 20 nm) compared to EP-823 ODS steel. In addition, the density of nanosized Y–Ti–Cr–O clusters in EP-450 ODS steel is 1023 m–3, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that in EP-823 ODS steel. At low irradiation doses, EP823 ODS steel demonstrates a higher radiation hardening rate at low irradiation temperatures compared to EP-450 ODS steel, and the rate of embrittlement decreases with increasing temperature. This is largely due to the formation of nanosized radiation-induced Ni–Mn–Si clusters with a high density in EP-823 ODS steel under the impact of irradiation. Other radiation-induced changes such as the rearrangement of the system of oxides and Y–Ti–Cr–O clusters, the formation of clusters predominantly enriched in Cr, and the formation of dislocation loops have been detected. It has been found that the radiation hardening of EP-450 ODS steel increases with the irradiation dose. In general, both steels demonstrate similar hardening at high irradiation doses.

The Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics at the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” is developing an ion source for a multibeam installation to perform experiments for the rapid analysis of radiation resistance of structural materials used in nuclear and thermonuclear reactors. Reproducing the processes that occur in a reactor requires irradiating samples of structural materials with two or three ion beams [1]. Irradiation with one type of heavy ions (e.g., Fe2+, Ti2+, and Co2+) and one type of light ions (H+/He+) is done simultaneously in one chamber. A compact ion source with a discharge chamber based on an extreme waveguide is being developed for generating light ion beams to be installed on a high-voltage platform. The design of the light ion source is described and preliminary results on the generation of a helium ion beam are presented.

Ion accelerator facility is a powerful tool to simulate neutron irradiation effects in reactor materials. Defects in the crystal lattice arise and the accumulation of transmutation products (helium and hydrogen) occurs in the structure of the material under the action of neutrons in the structural materials of nuclear installations. At Kurchatov Complex for Theoretical and Experimental Physics the heavy ion accelerator HIPr (heavy ion prototype) is used to simulate radiation damage in steels and alloys using a 5.6 MeV Fe 2+ ion beam. The second beam line is designed at the HIPr facility to si- multaneously implant helium (or hydrogen) into the region of defects. The second beam line provides a beam of helium ions with energy up to 300 keV. The report presents a description of second beam line design and a status of construction the second beam line.

At the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” (Kurchatov Complex for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), the pulsed linear resonant heavy ion accelerator is being developed. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) channel transports the beam from a laser-plasma source of multi-charged ions with an A/Z ratio from 4 to 8 (up to Bi27+) to the RFQ. This paper shares the results of the beam dynamics simulation of the LEBT, which ensures the separation of the working fraction of the ion beam and its matching with the RFQ.

The article describes the control system for a laser source of heavy ions. The control system has a hierarchical multilevel architecture, determined by the hierarchical structure of the laser ion source, and is a part of the control systems of the linear heavy ion injector and the entire synchrotron complex. The article describes the basic requirements for the control system and the general principles of its construction, and the circuitry and software solutions selected in accordance with these requirements and principles, such as: organization of data exchange between individual nodes in the automated control system; determination of algorithms for working with individual devices and subsystems of the ion source, and with the ion source as a unified system; selection of types and structural schemes of controllers of individual subsystems. The hierarchical structure of the automated control system and control subsystems for all the main devices of the laser source are also described.

The project of the complex for studying ionizing radiation exposure from outer space based on the synchrotron accelerator of protons and various types of ions up to 209Bi is being developed at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute ofExperimental Physics (FSUE RFNC - VNIIEF). The accelerator includes two injection complexes (one of which is the source of protons and light ions, the second - heavy ions), the booster accelerator and the main synchrotron. The pulsed type heavy ions linac is being developed at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” - KCTEF (Kurchatov Complex for Theoretical and Experimental Physics). The ions with mass-to-charge ratio 4÷8 with current of 10 mA will be accelerated up to 4 MeV/u. The linac is proposed, including the RFQ and two DTL sections operating at multiple frequencies. Each DTL section is modular and consists of individually phased H-type resonators (IH-DTLs). Quadrupole lenses located between the resonators for the beam focusing. This DTL structure ensures the accelerator compactness and allows section-by-section configuration and sequential commissioning. 6D beam matching between all sections of the linac is carried out. The results ofbeam dynamics simulation in linear accelerator are presented.

The paper describes the basic principles of developing a distributed control system (DCS) and a GARNET operator control system based on a microservice architecture as part of a high-availability cluster. The application of the operator’s control system as a DCS component is described. The main elements of software components of operator control and DCS are presented and described. The process of conveyor assembly and publication of software tools into a working product environment, which implements the principle of continuous integration, is described. The mechanism of interaction of key components among themselves is presented. The mechanism for hosting management services using the Docker containerization system and Kubernetes container orchestration is demonstrated. Examples of services for interaction with users in the environment of the GARNET operator control system being developed, separation of users by roles and access rights, integration of the data visualization service using Grafana are shown. The vector of further development of DCS and operator control tools is described, in particular, the possibility of using the practice of developing user web interfaces using the micro frontend approach. The components and results of the operation of a prototype system designed to interact with the measurement infrastructure of the linear heavy ion accelerator HIPR are presented.

The effect of proton irradiation with a dose of 50 Mrad (Si) on the optical properties and defect formation in crystals of gadolinium-aluminum-gallium garnet is studied during the substitution of aluminum and gallium in the cation sublattice: Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Al : Ga = 2 : 3) and Gd3Al3Ga2O12 (Al : Ga = 3 : 2). After irradiation with protons, the crystals change color: an additional absorption band appears in the spectrum of each crystal in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm. This is due to the formation of induced structural defects in the form of color centers. The refractive indices n(lambda) are determined by the Brewster spectrophotometric method and barely change for Al : Ga = 2 : 3 crystals, but largely increase for Al : Ga = 3 : 2. In the spectral dependences, there is a noticeable increase in the attenuation of light, which also indicates the formation of additional structural defects.

A method for representing RFQ resonators by a set of multipole elements replaced with their scattering matrices has been developed. The coefficients of the matrices are calculated using a detailed 3D model over the operating frequency range and take into account all significant wave modes in the periodic structure of the resonator. The main elements that make up the accelerator resonator are considered.

The influence of proton irradiation with a dose of 50 Mrad (Si) on the optical properties and defect formation in crystals of the gadolinium-aluminum-gallium garnet with the substitution of aluminumand gallium in the cationic sublattice: Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Al: Ga = 2:3) and Gd3Al3Ga2O12 (Al: Ga = 3:2) was studied. After proton irradiation, color of crystals changes: an additional absorption band appears in the transmittance of each crystal in the wavelength range 400–500 nm. This occures due to the formation of induced structural defects as color centers. The refractive indices n(λ) were determined by the Brewster spectrophotometric method and practically did not change for Al:Ga = 2:3 crystals, but significantly increased for Al:Ga = 3:2. There is a noticeable increase in the attenuation of the light in spectral dependences, which also indicates the formation of additional structural defects.

In this work, hardness and micro- and nano-structure of W–10Cr–0.5Y alloy, which is a promising material for fusion reactors, before and after irradiation with Fe ions with an energy of 5.6 MeV at 500°C were studied. Nanoindentation for hardness measurement and transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for structural changes were used. A formation of Cr clusters with the concentration of Cr in clusters of 52 ± 2 and 77 ± 3 at

As part of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure for 2019–2027, a scientific and educational medical nuclear medicine center (SEMC NM). The task of constructing the SEMC NM also includes the construction of a proton beam therapy center, which should become the basis for long-term development of equipment and technologies for new generations of proton beam therapy, their implementation in practical healthcare by replicating in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and friendly countries, as well as training personnel (medical physicists and clinicians). The article presents the results of preliminary design of the accelerator equipment for the created proton beam therapy complex, which is implemented on the basis of the proton synchrotron.

A linear resonant pulsed accelerator of heavy ions with an energy of 4 MeV/nucleon, an operating frequency of 162.5 MHz, and a current of up to 10 mA is being developed at the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” (the Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (KCTEP)). The high-energy beam transport (HEBT) channel is designed for transporting a beam of accelerated ions with A/Z = 4–8 to the ion stripping target before their injection into the booster. The main channel elements and their parameters, which provide transversal beam focusing and minimize the momentum spread of particles, have been determined. Some results of dynamic calculations in the HEBT channel with the use of three-dimensional models for the spatial distribution of a magnetic quadrupole lens field and an electrical debuncher field are presented.

The results obtained by determining the flux density of neutrons produced with energies of up to 20 MeV upon the irradiation of a beryllium target 1.3 mm thick with a beam of 21.3-MeV protons are presented. The proton flux density was determined by means of standard instruments and was controlled with the aid of the monitoring reactions ^nat Cu (p,x)^62 Zn and ^nat Cu (p,x)^63 Zn, while the neutron flux density was determined using the reactions ^27 Al (n,p)^27 Mg and ^27 Al (n,α)^24 Na. The proton and neutron spectra at the center of experimental samples were calculated using the PHITS code.

The NICA accelerator complex includes beam transfer lines and stations for applied research. The first commissioning of the Station of Chip Irradiation (SOCHI) was performed at the end of 2021with С4+ heavy ions extracted from the linear accelerator (HILAC) at an energy of 3.2 MeV/n. The new SOCHI beam transfer line is integrated in the existing HILAC-Booster beamline. The Irradiation Setup for Components of Radioelectronic Apparatus (ISCRA) with ion energy ranging from 150 to 500 MeV/n and the Setup for Investigation of Medical Biological Objects (SIMBO) with the ion energy ranging from 400 to1100 MeV/n are based on the beams extracted from Nuclotron. The equipment of ISCRA and SIMBO stations has been manufactured and is planned to mount in the end of 2022. The beamlines are being designed now. The technical parameters of the beamlines and stations and the results of the first run of the SOCHI station are presented in this study.

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) composite tapes of the second generation are promising materials for the development of sources of high magnetic fields, including for accelerators and tokamaks, where superconductors can be exposed to radiation for a long time. Such an impact causes defects in superconductors, the presence of which can both decrease the current-carrying capacity of the HTS due to the degradation of the superconducting layer and increase it due to the formation of additional pinning centers for magnetic field vortices. In this work, we simulated the processes of defect formation in a single tape and a stack of 10 HTS tapes upon irradiation with protons with an energy of E = 6–20 MeV. The results were verified experimentally by irradiating a stack of 10 HTS tapes with protons with an energy of E = 6 MeV and a fluence of up to 5 × 1015 cm–2. For experimental studies, an industrial SuperOx HTS tape with a double-sided copper coating 20 µm thick was used. Upon irradiation with 6-MeV protons, the radiation does not pass through a single tape, which is confirmed by the fact that the critical current of the superconductor drops only in the first layer of a stack of HTS tapes, and the value of the critical temperature for this layer differs by less than 0.5

The results of studying the effect of ion irradiation (Fe 2+ E=5.6 MeV) in the modes of creating radiation defects and implantation on the critical current of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) composites are presented. An analysis was made of both the integral critical current obtained from measurements of the total magnetization of the samples and the local critical current determined from the data of scanning Hall magnetometry. It is shown that at the same ion fluence Phi=2·10 13 cm -2 , an increase in the critical current J c is observed in the ion implantation regime, while in the regime of radiation defects, a slight drop in J c is observed. This circumstance indicates an enhancement of pinning due to the additional magnetic interaction of Abrikosov vortices with magnetic ions implanted in the HTS layer. Keywords: high-temperature superconductor, irradiation, radiation defects, critical current, magnetization.

The resource of nuclear facilities is largely limited by the degradation of structural or functional materials. Under the action of high-energy neutrons, defects in the crystal lattice appear in the material and the accumulation of transmutation products (helium and hydrogen) occurs in the structure of the material. Qualification of structural materials using reactor irradiation takes several years, and the samples of materials themselves become activated, which makes subsequent post-reactor tests difficult. Simulation experiments on a beam of heavy ions making it possible to analyze the radiation resistance of structural materials of nuclear and fusion reactors have been carried out at the Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (National Research Center Kurchatov Institute) since 2009. Simulation experiments at an accelerator make it possible to carry out high-dose tests in no more than a few days with control over the conditions of the irradiation (temperature of target samples, ion flux, radiation dose). The paper presents a description of the simulation irradiations carried out at the HIPr heavy ion accelerator.