Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive phytocompound extracted from cruciferous plants, has received increasing attention due to its vital cytoprotective role in eliminating oxidative free radical through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-mediated signal transduction pathway. This study aims at a better insight into the protective benefit of SFN in attenuating paraquat (PQ)-caused impairment in bovine in vitro-matured oocytes and the possible mechanisms involved therein. Results showed that addition of 1 μM SFN during oocyte maturation obtained higher proportions of matured oocytes and in vitro-fertilized embryos. SFN application attenuated the toxicological effects of PQ on bovine oocytes, as manifested by enhanced extending capability of cumulus cell and increased extrusion proportion of first polar body. Following incubation with SFN, oocytes exposed to PQ exhibited reduced intracellular ROS and lipid accumulation levels, and elevated T-SOD and GSH contents. SFN also effectively inhibited PQ-mediated increase in BAX and CASPASE-3 protein expressions. Besides, SFN promoted the transcription of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidative-related genes GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, NQO-1, and TXN1 in a PQ-exposed environment, indicating that SFN prevents PQ-caused cytotoxicity through activation of Nrf2 signal transduction pathway. The mechanisms underlying the role of SFN against PQ-induced injury included the inhibition of TXNIP protein and restoration of the global O-GlcNAc level. Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence for the protective role of SFN in alleviating PQ-caused injury, and suggest that SFN application may be an efficacious intervention strategy against PQ cytotoxicity.

旨在探究O-β-N-乙酰葡糖胺(O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine,O-GlcNAc)修饰水平变化对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响.本研究以牛卵母细胞为研究对象,检测O-GlcNAc转移酶(O-GlcNAc transferase,OGT)、O-GlcNAc糖苷酶(O-GlcNAcase,OGA)及O-GlcNAc蛋白在牛体外成熟卵母细胞中的分布;将卵丘-卵母细胞复合体分别在添加4 mmol·L-1OGT抑制剂BADGP和100 μmol·L-1 OGA抑制剂PUGNAc的体外成熟液中进行体外成熟,将未添加组作为对照组,分别统计各组卵母细胞第一极体排出率和体外受精胚胎发育率,并采用荧光定量PCR 和 Western blot 检测 O-GlcNAc 蛋白、OGT、OGA、GF AT 和 TXNIP 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达.结果表明,OGT和O-GlcNAc蛋白共定位于牛体外成熟卵母细胞的细胞质和细胞核中,而OGA和O-GlcNAc蛋白共定位于体外成熟卵母细胞的细胞质中,且相对集中在卵母细胞的皮质区.与对照组相比,BADGP处理组和PUGNAc处理组卵母细胞第一极体排出率((52.8±5.1)％&(60.9±1.9)％vs.(70.8±5.4)％)和体外受精囊胚发育率((9.6±4.9)％&(10.0±5.8)％vs.(21.5±4.3)％)均显著降低(P＜0.05).BADGP 处理显著降低了 OGT 的表达,使卵母细胞的O-GlcNAc修饰水平发生下调,OGA的表达降低;而在PUGNAc处理组中,卵母细胞OGA的表达显著下调,O-GlcNAc修饰水平升高,OGT的蛋白表达显著减少;抑制OGT显著上调己糖胺生物合成途径关键限速酶GFATmRNA的表达,而抑制OGA则显著下调GFAT mRNA的表达;此外,O-GlcNAc修饰水平改变显著上调了葡萄糖调控关键因子TXNIP的表达.研究结果表明,O-GlcNAc修饰水平改变会降低牛卵母细胞体外成熟及发育能力,卵母细胞通过反馈调节OGT、OGA、GFAT以及TXNIP的表达,应对O-GlcNAc修饰水平的波动.

氧化应激是机体内一种有害的氧化还原失衡状态,是导致组织损伤和疾病发生的重要因素之一.当前畜牧业生产中出现的畜禽繁殖障碍、抗病力下降、生产性能与畜产品品质降低等都与氧化应激有关.核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor,Nrf2)/Kelch 样 ECH 相关蛋白 1(Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1,Keap1)-抗氧化应答元件(antioxidant response element,ARE)信号通路是机体对抗氧化应激的最重要防御机制之一,通过调控下游多个细胞保护基因的转录,维持胞内氧化还原平衡及代谢和蛋白质稳态,发挥抗炎、抗癌和抗衰老等生物学功能.Nrf2是一种对氧化应激高度敏感的转录因子,在正常生理状态下,与其负调控蛋白Keap1结合,通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统被泛素化和降解.氧化应激导致Nrf2与Keap1解离,Nrf2转位到细胞核内,与小Maf(sMaf)蛋白形成异二聚体并识别ARE序列,启动下游目标基因的转录.由于Nrf2处于复杂调控网络的中心,其活性受到多个水平的严格调控,包括转录及转录后调控、蛋白质稳定性调控、亚细胞定位调控和翻译后修饰调控等.作者介绍了 Nrf2/Keap1-ARE信号通路的分子结构基础、生物学功能、Nrf2活性调控等的研究进展,以期深入了解该通路的调控机制,为提高畜禽健康和提供疾病治疗策略提供理论依据.

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a ubiquitous, reversible, and highly dynamic post-translational modification, which takes charge of almost all biological processes examined. However, little information is available regarding the molecular regulation of O-GlcNAcylation in granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism. This study focused on the impact of disrupted O-GlcNAc cycling on the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine granulosa cells, and further aimed to determine how this influenced glucose metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of OGT with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (BADGP) led to decreased cellular O-GlcNAc levels, as well as OGT and OGA protein expressions, whereas increasing O-GlcNAc levels with the OGA inhibitor, O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluco-pyranosylidene) (PUGNAc), resulted in elevated OGA protein expression and decreased OGT protein expression in granulosa cells. Dysregulated O-GlcNAc cycling reduced cell viability, downregulated the proliferation-related genes of CDC42 and PCNA transcripts, upregulated the pro-apoptotic genes of BAX and CASPASE-3 mRNA and the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, and increased the apoptotic rate. Glycolytic enzyme activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, metabolite contents of pyruvate and lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and intermediate metabolic enzyme activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly impaired in response to altered O-GlcNAc levels. Moreover, inhibition of OGT significantly increased the expression level of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), but repression of OGA had no effect. Collectively, our results suggest that perturbation of O-GlcNAc cycling has a profound effect on granulosa cell function and glucose metabolism.

为建立稳定高效的活体采卵-体外受精技术体系,提高体外胚胎生产效率,本研究先利用屠宰场采集的新鲜卵巢卵母细胞进行体外受精,通过胚胎发育潜力来筛选最佳的体外胚胎培养液;再进一步研究不同种公牛精液和供卵母牛对活体采卵-体外受精效率的影响.结果显示,CR1aa培养液和mCR1aa培养液卵裂率差异不显著(P＞0.05),但mCR1aa组的囊胚发育率显著提高(28.1％vs 20.6％,P＜0.05);选取的3头荷斯坦种公牛精液的活体采卵-体外受精胚胎的卵裂率差异不显著(P＞0.05),但1号种公牛精液体外受精后囊胚率(38.7％)显著高于2号和3号(23.8％& 22.9％)(P＜0.05);随机选择的3头活体采卵供体母牛(H1、H2、H3)获得的头均可用卵母细胞数无显著差异,但H1和H2供体母牛体外受精胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率均显著高于H3供体牛(P＜0.05),且H1供体牛体外受精囊胚率显著高于H2供体牛(P＜0.05).结果表明,mCR1aa培养液能显著提高体外受精囊胚发育率,适用于体外胚胎生产;种公牛精液和供体母牛个体差异会直接影响活体采卵-体外受精胚胎的生产效率,为奶牛活体采卵-体外受精生产技术体系的优化提供参考.