BACKGROUND:Fat, muscle, and bone are endocrine organs capable of affecting the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk. Relating these components is important to the establishment of early intervention strategies for overweight patients.AIMS:This study aimed to evaluate the influence of body mass components on the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients admitted for bariatric surgery at a university hospital in the city of Recife, Brazil, between 2018 and 2019. Body composition was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score. Data were collected on anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), blood glucose, and vitamin D were determined using the standard methods of the hospital laboratory.RESULTS:A total of 60 patients were analyzed, 86.7% of whom had comorbidities, 33.3% had moderate/high cardiovascular risk, and 71.4% had vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Lower lean body mass (adjusted PR 3.24; 95%CI 1.19-5.77) was independently associated with the severity of obesity. The body mass index and waist circumference were negatively correlated with lean body mass (r=-0.52; p<0.01)/r=-0.36; p<0.01). Lean body mass was negatively correlated with fat mass (r=-0.26; p<0.05), trunk fat (r=-0.29; p<0.05), fasting glucose (r=-0.26; p<0.05), and bone mineral density (r=-0.26; p<0.05). A total of 84.2% of individuals with less trunk fat tended to have low cardiovascular risk (p=0.05). However, physical inactivity (adjusted PR 2.14; 95%CI 1.19-5.54) and the risk of alcohol dependence (adjusted PR 2.41; 95%CI 1.76-4.15) were the only variables independently associated with cardiovascular risk.CONCLUSION:Obese patients in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery with less trunk fat tended to have low cardiovascular risk. However, the other components of body mass were also not associated with cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: During the aging process, significant changes in the pattern of distribution of morphological and structural variables such as body fat and muscle mass can be observed. Objective: To analyze the distribution of total and appendicular muscle mass in women in different age groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 129 women, aged between 50 and 80 years. The study was divided into two stages, composed of the anthropometric measures, total body mass (kg) and height (m) and body composition evaluation using DEXA. Results: There was a significant reduction in muscle mass with the advancement of age, and from age 60 and older, the age group showed a significant increase when compared to subjects of lower age, with a decrease of 1.65 kg in their total muscle mass. It should be noted that in our study, this progression increased in subjects older than 72 years, with a decrease of 2,10 kg in their total muscle mass. Conclusions: The reductions of muscle mass in the lower limbs presented greater amplitudes in comparison with the other regions of the analyzed human body, being an area with greater focus of analyzes with the objective of identifying and assisting the diagnosis of sarcopenia in future studies.

The menstrual cycle (MC) is a phenomenon that affects women between 13 and 50 years old, approximately. It has a infradian rhythm, with fluctuations in blood concentrations of the ovarian hormones, which cause morphological, metabolic, behavioral and emotional changes. PURPOSE: To analyze the behavior of body fat during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Four collection sessions were conducted in four different moments during a menstrual cycle, according to the Goncalves et al.’s (2011) division. The first collection session was in the menstrual phase, the second was in the follicular phase, the third was in the periovulatory phase and the last was in the luteal phase. In each collection session was held skinfolds measurements (Lange, USA) in these areas: biceps (BP), axillary (AX), supra-iliac (SI), abdominal (AB), subscapularis (SE ), triceps (TP), thigh (CX) and leg (PE). By performing skinfolds measurements of 15 eutrophic and eumenorrheic universities, the Spearman’s test was used to correlate skinfolds measurements and the values of the production rates of ovarian hormones existing in the literature (Halbe, 1993). RESULTS: A high correlation between the mid-axillary skinfold and the production of progesterone was observed (ρ = -0.949; p = 0.05), which is a skinfold widely used in equations to estimate body density and subsequently the percentage of fat. To classify universities as a health risk, some of them had three different classifications during the cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Given the findings, it is concluded that equations using the midaxillary skinfold should be avoided, as well as assessments of body composition should always be performed in the same phase of the menstrual cycle. In addition to state the menstrual phase, to perform the measurements, because this stage has the lower rate of ovarian hormone production.

Introdução: Verifica-se que Video Games Ativos (VGA) aumentam os níveis de aptidão física em populações diversas, contudo, esses efeitos são controversos em pessoas idosas. Objetivos: Revisar os efeitos dos VGAs no equilíbrio e analisar o gasto energético em idosos. Métodos: Realizou-se busca nas bibliotecas: MedLine, PubMed, Science Direct e Web of Knowledge, utilizando os termos: exergames, older adults, active video games, virtual reality e elderly. Resultados: Nos oito trabalhos analisados, os VGAs apresentaram intensidades de leve à vigorosa, possibilitando gastos energéticos de acordo com as indicações do ACSM. Verificou-se que, na maioria das pesquisas, utiliza-se a frequência cardíaca para estimar o gasto calórico. Os efeitos positivos no equilíbrio foram identificados nos indivíduos com redução dessa capacidade diagnosticada antes das intervenções, bem como naqueles nos quais foram usadas a escala de verificação do equilíbrio de maneira prática. Conclusão: VGAs são capazes de aumentar o gasto energético e melhorar o equilíbrio em idosos.