Background: Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported to have worse outcomes when compared to primary procedures, which may, in part, be due to the increased exposure required for the procedure. We aimed to investigate the postoperative functional outcomes of 2 groups of primary and revision THA, when revision procedures were performed using a gluteal-sparing extended posterior approach. Methods: Two groups of 51 primary and 21 revision THAs were prospectively recruited from a single center between 2016 and 2019. Both groups were assessed preoperatively using quantitative gait analysis and patient-reported outcomes, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Hip and knee kinematics were computed from motion capture data acquired at the gait analysis. Kinematic and patient-reported outcome measures data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Statistical parametric analysis complemented the main analysis of the kinematics. Results: Patients in the primary group had worse preoperative patient-reported outcome measures when compared to the revision group. There were no between-group differences in walking speed. Hip extension in late stance phase of gait was 9° and 5° lower for the revision group when compared to the primary group at 3 and 12 months, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant, but the magnitude of the effect size was noteworthy suggesting a functional deficit (Cohen’s d = 0.64 and 0.54, respectively). Conclusions: Revision THA using a gluteal-sparing extended posterior approach may be able to achieve similar patient-reported and gait outcomes with those of primary THA within the first 12 postoperative months.

This study aimed to quantify self-reported outcomes and walking gait biomechanics in patients following primary and revision THA. The specific goals of this study were to investigate: (i) if primary and revision THA patients have comparable preoperative outcomes; and (2) if revision THA patients have worse postoperative outcomes than primary THA patients.Forty-three patients undergoing primary THA for osteoarthritis and 23 patients undergoing revision THA were recruited and followed longitudinally for their first 12 postoperative months. Reasons for revision were loosening (73%), dislocation (9%), and infection (18%). Patients completed the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and underwent gait analysis preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. A 10 camera motion analysis system (V5 Vantage, Vicon, UK) recorded marker trajectories (100 Hz) during walking at self- selected speeds. A generic lower-body musculoskeletal model (Gait2392) was scaled using principal component analysis [1] and the inverse kinematics tool in Opensim 3.3 was used to compute joint angles for the lower limbs in the sagittal plane. Independent samples t-test were used to compare patient reported outcomes between the primary and revision groups at each timepoint. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare gait patterns between the two groups at each timepoint.Preoperatively, patients undergoing primary THA reported significantly worse pain (p<0.001), symptoms (p<0.001), function (p<0.001), and quality of life (p=0.004). No differences were observed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively between patients who had received a primary or revision THA. The only observed difference in gait pattern was that patients with a revision THA had reduced hip extension at 3 months, but no differences were observed preoperatively and 12 months.Despite the suggestions in the literature that revision THA is bound to have worse outcomes compared to primary THA, we found no differences in in patient-reported outcomes and gait patterns at 12 months postoperatively. This suggests that it may be possible, in some circumstances, for patients following revision THA to achieve similar outcomes to their peers undergoing primary THA.

The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a semiautomated method to obtain lesion volume and bone mineral density (BMD) in terms of Hounsfield units from pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans in three regions of interest, and (2) assess accuracy and reliability of the method based on cadaveric CT scans. Image artefacts due to metal implants reduce CT clarity and are more severe with more than one implant in situ. Therefore, accuracy and reliability tests were performed with varying numbers of total hip arthroplasties implanted. To test the accuracy of lesion size measurements, microcomputed tomography was used as a reference. Mean absolute error ranged from 36 to 284 mm3 after five measurements. Intra- and inter-operator reliability of the entire method was measured for a selection of parameters. All coefficient of variation values were good to excellent for CT scans of the native pelvic anatomy and a CT scans of the same pelvis with one and two implants in situ. Accuracy of quantifying lesion volume decreased with decreasing CT image clarity by 0.6%-3.6% mean absolute relative error. Reliability of lesion volume measurement decreased with decreasing CT clarity. This was also the case for reliability of BMD measurements in the region most disrupted by metal artefact. The presented method proposes an approach for quantifying bone loss which has been proven to be accurate, reliable, and clinically applicable.

Estimating strain distribution in the acetabulum before and after the development of peri-prosthetic osteolytic lesions secondary to total hip arthroplasty may assist with understanding the pathogenesis of this condition. This could be achieved by performing patient-specific finite element analysis of (1) total hip arthroplasty recipients with developed acetabular osteolytic lesions, and (2) models simulating the patient's pelvis and implant immediately after primary surgery. State of the art patient-specific total hip arthroplasty finite element analysis simulations obtain trabecular bone material properties from Hounsfield units within computed tomography (CT) scans of patients. However, this is not feasible when an implant is already in situ due to metal artefact disruption and, in turn, incorrectly reproduced Hounsfield units. Therefore, alternative methods of assigning trabecular bone material properties within such models were tested and strain results compared. It was found that assigning set material properties throughout the trabecular bone geometry was sufficient for the desired application. Simulating the primary implant and pelvis requires geometric and material based assumptions. Therefore, comparisons were made between strain values obtained from simulated primary models, from state of the art methods using material properties obtained from intact bone within a CT scan, and from models with osteolytic lesions. Strain values found using the finite element models simulating the pelvis before osteolytic lesion developed were considerably closer to those found using state of the art methods than those found for the bone loss models. These models could be used to determine relationships between strain distribution and factors such as bone loss.

ONE OF THE PRESS RELEASES from the 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology reads, "Celiac Patients Face Potential Hazard as Information on Cosmetic Ingredients Difficult to Find."1 The release discusses the lack of readily available information about cosmetic ingredients on the websites of cosmetics manufacturers and how this may result in the inadvertent use of gluten-containing cosmetics and the exacerbation of celiac disease if gluten-containing products are used on the face and lips.

Under the Food Allergen and Consumer Protection Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must issue a rule for the voluntary labeling of food as gluten-free. In the proposed rule, many single-ingredient foods, such as millet, are considered inherently free of gluten. Inherently gluten-free grains will be considered misbranded if they carry a gluten-free label and do not also state that all foods of the same type are gluten-free (eg, “all millet is gluten free”). Twenty-two inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours not labeled gluten-free were purchased in June 2009 and sent unopened to a company who specializes in gluten analysis. All samples were homogenized and tested in duplicate using the Ridascreen Gliadin sandwich R5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with cocktail extraction. Thirteen of 22 (59%) samples contained less than the limit of quantification of 5 parts per million (ppm) for gluten. Nine of 22 (41%) samples contained more than the limit of quantification, with mean gluten levels ranging from 8.5 to 2,925.0 ppm. Seven of 22 samples (32%) contained mean gluten levels ≥20 ppm and would not be considered gluten-free under the proposed FDA rule for gluten-free labeling. Gluten contamination of inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours not labeled gluten-free is a legitimate concern. The FDA may want to modify their proposed rule for labeling of food as gluten-free, removing the requirement that gluten-free manufacturers of inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours must state on product labels that all foods of that type are gluten-free.

Taylor and Francis RSIX_A_434832. gm 10.1080/175 1 0903346544 he Sixties: A Journal of History, Politics and Culture 754-1328 (pri t)/1754-1336 (online) Original Article 2 09 & Francis 0 0002009 omGr c Prob839@aol. om For several years now, students entering Kent State University have been shown the 2005 Emmy-winning film Thirteen Seconds: The Kent State Shootings as part of their orientation. In the film, there is a point at which the camera pans the University Commons where the fatal 1970 confrontation began, and the narrator intones, “Today, Kent State University in Ohio is quiet and unassuming.” At this year’s Democracy Symposium on May 4, 2009, the 39th anniversary of the killings, students viewing the documentary laughed at the voice-over. In the preceding weeks the campus had been anything but quiet. Police had attacked springtime student revelers with rubber bullets and arrested 62, leaving the campus on edge and placing Kent State, once again, in the national news. Whether due to better publicity, improved coordination with the university’s academic departments, or the aforementioned events, this year’s Democracy Symposium – initiated in 2000 as an annual tribute to the four students killed by Ohio National Guardsmen during a protest against the US invasion of Cambodia – produced a record attendance of 600. Another factor undoubtedly contributed to the success of this year’s gathering: relevancy. The organizers were themselves Kent State students the day of the killings, and included an eyewitness to the bloodletting. Still feeling its pull, Kent veterans Carole Barbato and Laura Davis designated the symposium “ReMembering: Framing, Embracing, Revising History.” Barbato and Davis are charged with planning a May 4 public history center set to open in 2010, the 40th anniversary of the fatal shootings; they clearly sought from this year’s conference added input into how the much-anticipated center might function. The focus on the 1970 events and their legacy was a welcome departure from previous symposia. Sometimes poorly attended, past events have concentrated occasionally on far-flung topics such as policy deliberations in science and religion and on homeland security. Remarkably, in his address to the conference in 2004, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, Admiral James Loy, neglected any mention of the killings of unarmed students, declaring “Terrorism anywhere, weighs heavily on the hearts of freedom-loving everywhere.” The renewed attention to state-terrorism, such as occurred at KSU, represents another step in the university accepting its past and a new opportunity for scholars, participants in the events, and activists to inscribe May 4 within both local and national history. Nonetheless, most speakers at the symposium, like those at the first of such gatherings in 2000, were relatively new to the intricacies of the campus killings. The three exceptions all had direct connections to the events. Carol Wilder, a graduate student at Kent State in 1970, described the campus to be a place where “literally the war came

This paper explores the challenges farmers' markets face in attracting and retaining food stamp customers. Farmers' markets around the country have invested in technology and programs to accept electronic food stamps (EBT). Many of those markets are struggling to build a base of food stamp clients. We used Portland, Oregon as a case study to examine food stamp clients' perceptions of farmers' markets and grocery shopping habits. According to findings, farmers' market organizers face both negative perceptions and operational realities: higher prices, inconvenient hours, complex shopping experiences, and limited discount opportunities. The WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) appeared effective at motivating respondents to shop at markets. The FMNP may prove an effective model for using food stamp subsidies to encourage produce consumption and market use among low income populations.(C) 2007 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.

De 5 a 20% du sodium contenu dans la liqueur noire a ete libere au cours du sechage et de la stabilisation de gouttes individuelles dans des atmospheres pyrolytiques de reduction et d'oxydation. L'importance de cette perte s'est accentuee avec l'accroissement des temperatures du four (600 a 900°C) et elle a diminue avec l'accroissement de la velocite relative du gaz (0,61 a 1,83 m/s). Cette perte de sodium n'etait pas causee par une simple vaporisation, mais resultait sans doute de la convection du materiau par les gaz d'echappement. La contribution de cette perte de sodium a la formation globale de fumees est inconnue. Toutefois, le prelevement d'echantillons aerosols laisse croire qu'il ne s'agit pas la de la source la plus importance de fumees de tailles sous-microniques dans la chaudiere de recuperation

Image Processing, Computer Graphics, and Pattern Recognition Techniques have found an extensive application in many Industrial, Engineering, Scientific Research laboratories, etc. In particular, the development of the present Image Analysis System for Partially Occluded Objects has been highly motivated by several research projects currently under way at the Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences at the University of Chicago. From a general view point, our automated system presents several advantages. Among them, it has a friendly user-system interface, contributes to a reduction of the data collection execution time, makes a significant saving in storage space, drastically improves the accuracy of the collected data, and moreover, the system can evolve gradually as image processing and computer graphics techniques advances. However, the automation of any processing of images of biological pictures brings out a possible drawback. Due to the nature of the experiment, the objects of interest may appear touching or overlapping among themselves, making it difficult, if not impossible, to single out the objects and therefore the computation of some important measures of the aggregate image. Here, we propose three algorithms, based on the Boundary-Quenching-Point, the Graph-Theoretic, and the Circle-Clustering concepts, respectively, that solve the separation of overlapping objects problem with some degree of generality. They obtain the approximation of the missing boundary segments of the separated objects by using some Computer Graphics techniques. Also, another important problem that contributes to the accuracy of the object data measurement, relates to the computation of the best Axis of Symmetry of a planar object. Here, as well, we had proposed two novel algorithms based on the Shape-Matching, and Segment-Bisector approach, respectively, that execute in linear time. The proposed algorithms make use of two important tools. (1) A hierarchical representation, and (2) A piecewise linear approximation, of the object's boundary. The hierarchical representation approach allows us to reduce the processing time by using the results at a high level of the hierarchy to speed up and improve the accuracy of the results at lower levels; and the polygonal approximation concept is used to reduce the searching space for new candidate axis of symmetry as well as for interception points of the overlapping objects.