This study evaluated the effectiveness of tactile cueing integrated into a pilot’s headset on pilot altitude control during simulated instrument conditions. Pilots typically rely on visual and auditory inputs to maintain situational awareness, but in high-workload or instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), these channels can become overloaded. One underutilized alternative for alerting is a tactile cueing apparatus. Using an X-Plane simulation of a Piper Archer equipped with a G-1000 avionics suite, 39 FAA-certified pilots flew two precision approaches. The experimental group (n = 20) received haptic cues via ear seal-embedded tactors when deviating from assigned altitude or glideslope. The control group (n = 19) received no tactile feedback. Results showed that the experimental group performed 41% fewer altitude deviations (p = .001) across both approaches. These findings support prior research indicating that tactile interventions can enhance SA and increase performance by providing an additional sensory channel for operational decision-making.

Resilience training sessions were used to reduce anxiety and depression levels in 12 at-risk undergraduate nursing and health care students from disadvantaged backgrounds or underserved communities. Following the training sessions for this pilot study, a repeated-measures analysis showed that anxiety (p =.002) and depression (p =.018) scores were improved significantly over the academic year. A downward trend of the slope of depression and anxiety scores indicated that the combined training sessions were successful in achieving increased wellness.

PURPOSE:This study examined relationships among variables shaping intention to engage in mindful self-care in nurses working in the perianesthesia setting. DESIGN:The study employed a cross-sectional design guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore relationships between variables. METHODS:An online survey, approved by the ethics board, collected data from 85 perianesthesia nurses recruited via the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses Listserv. Participants completed the Modified Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire and the Mindful Self-care Scale. FINDINGS:Perceived behavioral control (r = 0.318, P = .003) and attitude (r = 0.616, P < .001) showed positive correlations with intentions to engage in self-care, while subjective norms had no significant association (r = -0.025, P = .821). Mindful awareness, perceived behavioral control, and self-compassion and purpose correlated significantly with most variables, except subjective norms. Regression analyses demonstrated attitude (β = 0.51, t = 5.63, P ≤ .001) and self-compassion and purpose (β = 0.29, t = 2.54, P = .013) as significant factors influencing the intention of perianesthesia nurses to engage in mindful self-care. Overall, the model for intent to engage in mindful self-care demonstrated a good fit using the significant factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior, F(8, 76) = 9.33; P = .001 with an adjusted R2 of 0.44. On average, perianesthesia nurses engaged in mindful self-care 2 to 3 days per week. CONCLUSIONS:This cross-sectional study of perianesthesia nurses found attitude and self-compassion and purpose to be significant predictors of intention to engage in self-care for an average of 2 to 3 days per week. Findings from this study add evidence that positive attitude and self-compassion and purpose significantly influence nurses' intentions to engage in self-care, suggesting these factors are key targets for interventions to improve nurses' well-being and performance.

Objective: The present research sought to investigate the impact of total flight time and recent flight time on instrument flight performance. Background: Studies that examined the impact of total flight time and recent flight time on pilot proficiency and have reported mixed results for both total time and recent flight time. The present study examined the impact of total and recent flight time along with vocabulary and mental rotation on instrument flight performance. Method: Thirty-nine instrument pilots were recruited from the aviation program at a midwestern university. All had successfully completed FAA approved instrument flight training. Each participant was required to conduct an instrument flight using an ELITE Personal Computer Aircraft Training Device (PCATD) to simulate instrument flight. The impact of total and recent flight time, total and recent instrument time (both actual and simulated), and recent instrument approaches along with vocabulary ability and mental rotation on instrument flight proficiency was examined using multiple regression procedures. Results: The results revealed no significant effect of any of the predictor variables on specific deviations from a perfect flight profile using several navigation measures. Pilot adherence to proper flight procedures was primarily predicted by mental rotation ability, vocabulary ability but not flight time. Mental rotation ability also predicted major flight errors. Conclusion: These results indicate that individual differences in instrument flight proficiency were predicted by vocabulary and mental rotation ability, while flight time (total or recent) had minimal impact on flight performance.

Background: Interdisciplinary undergraduate students are expected to develop statistical competence to interpret research findings as they advance in their healthcare studies and careers. However, students often report anxiety related to learning statistical course content. This descriptive study examined differences in statistical knowledge and self-efficacy scores of undergraduate students enrolled in online competencybased and traditional learning statistics courses. A sample of 20 nursing and interdisciplinary, undergraduate students from a Midwestern University who were enrolled in introductory statistics courses were recruited for this study. Methods: Significant differences between pre-test and post-test statistical knowledge and self-efficacy scores were compared for students receiving online competency-based learning and traditional learning statistical course content. The Current Statistics Self-Efficacy (CSSE) and the Self-Efficacy to Learn Statistics (SELS) measures determined the statistics self-efficacy scores. Results: There was a significant difference in knowledge scores from pre- to post-test in the areas of hypothesis testing (p = .02), measures of central tendency (p = .001), and research design (p = .001), but there was not a significant difference in overall mean scores between competency-based learning and the traditional learning groups (p = .10). The pre-test to post-test Current Statistics Self-Efficacy student scores improved significantly in both the competency-based learning (p < .001) and traditional learning (p <.001) statistics course sections; and the Self Efficacy to Learn Statistics pre-test to post-test scores were also significantly improved in the competency-based (p <.001) and traditional (p =.02) learning groups. Conclusions: Both online competency-based and traditional learning methods improved interdisciplinary undergraduate students' statistical knowledge and self-efficacy scores. Online competency-based learning was described by the students as at least as beneficial as traditional learning for studying statistics while allowing more flexibility to repeat content until it was mastered. Purpose: This study compared pre- and post-test differences in statistical knowledge and self-efficacy scores of students enrolled in online competency-based learning and traditional learning statistics class sections. (c) 2023 Organization for Associate Degree Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is used to assess depression with people from many cultures and ethnicities; however, the scale has been validated with very few populations other than the majority (Gray et al., 2016). Secondary analysis of data included two-factor confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the BDI-II with two independent American Indian samples, which were compared with the results in the BDI-II Manual (Beck et al., 1996). Sample 1 included 527 adult American Indians recruited from seven tribal communities, and Sample 2 included a community sample of 440 American Indian adults. The results of both CFA matched the original factor structure reported in Beck et al. (1996) supporting the construct validity of the BDI-II in Northern Plains American Indians. The internal consistency of the BDI-II was very high in Sample 1 (r = .94) but somewhat lower in Sample 2 (r = .72). Measures of convergent validity and discriminant validity were below acceptability for both Sample 1 and Sample 2. The results of this study support the construct validity of the BDI-II in Northern Plains American Indians. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Pilots of aircraft face varying degrees of cognitive workload even during normal flight operations. Periods of low cognitive workload may be followed by periods of high cognitive workload and vice versa. During such changing demands, there exists potential for increased error on behalf of the pilots due to periods of boredom or excessive cognitive task demand. To further understand cognitive workload in aviation, the present study involved collection of electroencephalogram (EEG) data from ten (10) collegiate aviation students in a live-flight environment in a single-engine aircraft. Each pilot possessed a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial pilot certificate and either FAA class I or class II medical certificate. Each pilot flew a standardized flight profile representing an average instrument flight training sequence. For data analysis, we used four main sub-bands of the recorded EEG signals: delta, theta, alpha, and beta. Power spectral density (PSD) and log energy entropy of each sub-band across 20 electrodes were computed and subjected to two feature selection algorithms (recursive feature elimination (RFE) and lasso cross-validation (LassoCV), and a stacking ensemble machine learning algorithm composed of support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression. Also, hyperparameter optimization and tenfold cross-validation were used to improve the model performance, reliability, and generalization. The feature selection step resulted in 15 features that can be considered an indicator of pilots' cognitive workload states. Then these features were applied to the stacking ensemble algorithm, and the highest results were achieved using the selected features by the RFE algorithm with an accuracy of 91.67% (± 0.11), a precision of 93.89% (± 0.09), recall of 91.67% (± 0.11), F-score of 91.22% (± 0.12), and the mean ROC-AUC of 0.93 (± 0.06). The achieved results indicated that the combination of PSD and log energy entropy, along with well-designed machine learning algorithms, suggest the potential for the use of EEG to discriminate periods of the low, medium, and high workload to augment aircraft system design, including flight automation features to improve aviation safety.

In Brief A North Dakota task force appointed to propose initiatives to further develop, retain, and attract nursing workforce to the state developed and conducted a study to help meet this request. In this mixed methods study, researchers collected data via an online survey from practicing nurses and nursing students enrolled in the last year of their respective nursing programs. Researchers explored participants' professional quality of life, work environment, and work satisfaction, and how these factors influenced their intent to stay.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an emerging dietary trend that remains understudied. This study aimed to describe the implementation and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, relevant to engagement in IF among both men and women. Intermittent fasters (N = 44 women, N = 20 men) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, Reddit, and a Midwestern University were administered a demographic questionnaire, an assessment of ED symptomatology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; EDE-Q), and asked about their IF use. To assess the level of ED symptomatology among individuals using IF community and clinical norms were used for comparison. We hypothesized a) men and women engaging IF would score higher on the EDE-Q and b) more individuals engaging in IF would endorse ED behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting) than community norms. Intermittent fasters reported fasting for approximately 16 hours daily and for weight loss purposes. Men and women engaging in IF scored significantly higher than community norms on all subscales of the EDE-Q, with 31.25% of participants' EDE-Q scores being at or above the clinical EDE-Q cut-off. Men and women engaging in IF reported engaging in ED behaviors. Results suggest that IF is associated with ED symptomatology. Further research on psychological characteristics and temporal order of the association between IF and ED symptomatology is warranted.

Background: An adequate nursing workforce supply is essential for providing safe, high-quality patient care. Considering the nationwide nursing shortage, it is important for healthcare facilities to focus on recruitment, retention, and work satisfaction of their nursing workforce. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore and identify factors that influence graduating nursing students' and practicing nurses' intent to stay in North Dakota (ND) and in their workplaces. The findings from this study can support the development of evidence-informed policies that encourage nurses to stay in state and at workplaces. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with focus groups was used. A total of 228 graduating nursing students from 11 ND nursing programs participated in 29 focus groups. In addition, 48 practicing nurses participated in 9 focus groups located geographically around the state. Results: Similar factors influenced graduating nursing students' and practicing nurses' intent to stay in ND, their intent to stay at their workplaces, and/or their decisions to work at a rural or urban healthcare facility. Four major themes emerged during data analysis: (a) competitive pay and benefits, (b) positive work environment, (c) career goals, and (d) personal goals and reasons. Conclusion: Healthcare facility leaders, nurse educators, and policy makers should collaborate to determine factors that promote nurses' intent to stay, recruitment, retention, and work satisfaction. In addition, input from nurses and students and evidence-based findings are important for informing policy development.

The efficacy of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 (SASSI-3) was assessed among northern plains American Indians (AIs). The current study examined the efficacy of the SASSI-3 for identification of substance abuse in AIs. Northern plains AIs from 7 reservations participated in the study. The participants were either a clinical sample receiving substance abuse (SA) or mental health diagnoses from behavioral health clinicians and receiving outpatient treatment services or a community sample that had no substance abuse or mental health diagnoses and were not currently in treatment (no diagnosis). The internal consistency for Face Valid Alcohol (FVA), Face Valid Other Drugs, and Symptoms (SYM) subscales were excellent, and the consistency for the other subscales was moderate, ranging from .21 to 73. The results of the study suggest that the SASSI-3 has good positive predictive power (PPP) and negative predictive power (NPP), particularly when the criterion group substance abuse is larger in the sample. Additionally, the PPP and NPP varied depending on the decision rules. For the analysis that included individuals with just SA, the clinical group scored significantly higher than the no diagnosis group on all measures of the SASSI-3, except for Defensiveness. When the SA group included all individuals with the diagnosis (regardless of the comorbid diagnosis), the clinical group scored significantly higher than the no diagnosis group for all the SASSI-3 subscales. A discriminant examination of the standardized function coefficients indicated that the FVA and SYM subtests contributed the most to the function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Numerous psychometric measurements are used to assess for mental health problems in Native American and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) populations; however, few studies have been carried out to assess their validity and reliability within these populations. This study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of numerous measures among the Northern Plains Indians. This article is a partial report, focused on the psychometric measures directed at detecting depression, namely the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, the Tri-Ethnic Depression Scale (TEDS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results revealed moderate to strong correlation across all measures, alpha coefficients that exceeded published alphas for the general population, and overall indicated their validity and reliability of these measures, and a 2-factor solution for the BDI-II. While there were limitations to the study, analysis of the results supports the use of each measure with the Northern Plains Indians (NPI) subpopulation, that the NPI subpopulation scored similar to the general population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

INTRODUCTION:To explore the effect of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain on postpartum weight retention in nulliparous women and weight-for-length percentiles of offspring to 2 years following birth.METHODS:A retrospective secondary analysis of a large, prospective longitudinal study of women conducted during pregnancy and after their first birth was completed to examine outcomes associated with postpartum weight retention. A chart review of the offspring of these women was completed to explore the relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on offspring weight-for-length percentiles.RESULTS:Data from 652 woman-infant dyads were available for analysis. Average postpartum weight retention was 4.0 kg at one year for all groups. At 6 weeks postpartum, women who were obese prior to pregnancy retained significantly less weight than did women who were normal weight prior to pregnancy (P < .05). Women who were normal weight or overweight at the onset of pregnancy and had gestational weight gain within Institute of Medicine recommendations retained significantly less weight at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum (P < .01) when compared with women in those same weight groups who had a gestational weight gain in excess of the recommended guideline. Women who entered pregnancy obese and who had a gestational weight gain within the recommended weight range during pregnancy retained significantly less weight compared with women who were obese and who gained in excess of the guideline at 6 weeks postpartum only (P < .05). No statistically significant differences were seen in offspring weight-for-length percentiles at any time point based on maternal prepregnancy BMI or weight gain within guidelines.DISCUSSION:Many women retained weight up to one year postpartum. In this study, we saw no statistically significant differences between the prepregnant BMI groups or between gestational weight gain within guidelines or in excess of guidelines on offspring weight-for-length percentiles.

•Decreased sleep efficiency, poor PSQI sleep quality, and increased BMI were the strongest predictors for increased irritability.•Poor PSQI sleep quality, decreased sleep efficiency, and increased BMI were the strongest predictors for increased depression.•Time slept was not significant with depression, irritability or cognitive memory.

Desmond and Hancock (2001) proposed that two types of cognitive fatigue can arise depending on the nature of a task: active or passive. The purpose of this study was to use electroencephalographic indices of task engagement and a candidate marker of strain to differentiate these two fatigue states. Participants ( N = 84) performed a generalized flight simulation task for 62 min under either active, passive, or control conditions. Passive fatigue was characterized by reduced EEG engagement and initially elevated and stable ratios of Fz theta to POz alpha power compared to active fatigue. No performance differences were found between the fatigue conditions; however, an overall speed-accuracy trade-off was observed from pre to post fatigue induction. These results support theoretical and empirical distinctions between active and passive fatigue and have potential applications for developing augmented cognition technologies to deliver appropriate fatigue countermeasures in automated operational environments.

The current study evaluated the validity of commercially available electroencephalography (EEG) cognitive state metrics of workload and engagement in differentially experienced air traffic control (ATC) students. EEG and pupil diameter recordings were collected from 47 ATC students (27 more experienced and 20 less experienced) during a high-fidelity, variable workload approach-control scenario. Scenario workload was manipulated by increasing the number of aircraft released and the presence of a divided attention task. Results showed that scenario performance significantly degraded with increased aircraft and the presence of the divided attention task. No scenario performance differences were found between experience groups. The EEG engagement metric significantly differed between experience groups, with less experienced controllers exhibiting higher engagement than more experienced controllers. The EEG workload metric and pupil diameter were sensitive to workload manipulations but did not differentiate experience groups. Commercially available EEG cognitive state metrics may be a viable tool for enhancing ATC training.

Introduction: Previous research has shown cognitive dysfunction in adults with a history of child abuse. The purpose of the present study was to measure differences that exist in executive functioning skills between individuals who have been abused as children versus those without the history of childhood abuse. Methods: The present study recruited 43 students from the University of North Dakota (33 women) between ages 18 and 23 years of age. The participants were administered several prescreening measures, including a measure of physical child abuse, emotional child abuse, and sexual child abuse. Based on responses to these measures, participants were grouped into a no-child-abuse group, a mild-child-abuse group, or a moderate-to-severe child abuse group. All participants were administered measures of executive functioning that included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, the Operation Span Task, and the Connors Continuous Performance Task with a simultaneous recording of electroencephalographic activity using a wireless 9 channel EEG system. Results: There was a statistically significant main effect of child abuse group (no child abuse vs. moderate-to-high child abuse) for the EEG-derived probability of cognitive workload during the OSPAN. Beta bandwidths for individuals in the drug abuse group, which served as a covariate, were also found to be significantly attenuated during the Connors CPT. Conclusion: Individuals that have been abused as children must use significantly more mental effort to complete executive functioning tasks as compared to their non-abused counterparts. Increased neurological effort could be used to explain poor decision-making skills that are common within the population.

The positivity effect among older adults is a tendency to process more positive and/or less negative emotional stimuli compared to younger adults, with unknown upper age boundaries. Cognitive and emotional working memory were assessed in young-old adults (60–75) and very old adults (VOAs; 80+) to determine whether emotional working memory declines similar to the age-related decline of cognitive working memory. The moderating role of valence on the link between age and emotional working memory was examined to identify change in positivity effect with advanced age. Electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cognitive workload and engagement were obtained to test the theory of cognitive resource allocation in older adults’ emotional stimuli processing. EEG recordings were collected during cognitive memory task and emotional working memory tasks that required rating emotional intensity of images pairs. Results indicate a positivity effect among VOAs that does not require additional cognitive effort and is not likely to diminish with age.