The analysis of polychronicity at the cultural level is compared with the analysis of polychronicity at the level of the individual member of the culture. We suggest that a more detailed analysis of an individual’s polychronicity is appropriate, including the individual’s beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. We identify the theory of reasoned action as a useful framework for studying an individual’s polychronicity. Examples are provided in which the theory of reasoned action is used to address questions about an individual’s polychronicity, along with the description of the relationships among the components of individual‐level polychronicity suggested by the theory.

In theory, organizational commitment should have a moderately strong relationship with employee performance, but empirical studies have generally found only a weak relationship. We present a new model of the organizational commitment process in which different components of organizational commitment have different relationships with employee behaviors. We argue that the empirical relationship between organizational commitment and performance is weak for two reasons: First, one component of organizational commitment, the desire to remain a member of the organization, often has a weak, uncertain relationship with performance. Second, organizational commitment does not include perceived rewards for high performance, a variable that is a significant determinant of performance. The results, based on a sample of 246 men and women from diverse industries and occupations, were consistent with these explanations.

This study examined the sophistication of information processing technology in an organization in relation to the organization's environment, its structure, and its culture. The relationships were examined by using both archival and questionnaire data from 298 public human resource departments. Human resource departments are important users of information technology because they require large amounts of data and because sophisticated software is available to them. The results indicate that both the presence of computer hardware and the sophistication of the information processing technology were associated with the organization's environmental and structural characteristics. Organization culture, however, was related only to the sophistication of information technology.