The characteristics of the PT X pharmaceutical wastewater influent were a pH of 7.18, a COD of 384 mg/L, and a red-brown color. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) has not met the quality standards based on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 5 of 2014. The red-brown color was caused by wastewater containing rifampicin as a component of the tuberculosis drug. The objectives of this study were treating the real pharmaceutical wastewater to reduce COD and color by varying the molar ratio of the Fenton reagents and to identify the influence of the neutralization process. The Fenton reagents were FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 with a molar ratio of 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:3. The process was conducted with the help of UV light and acidic conditions. The photo-Fenton process produced residues, which can be neutralized by using 0.1 NaOH solution and coagulated by using NaCl. The neutralization process successfully decreases the amount of Fe, H2O2, and COD on liquid. The results showed that the best molar ratio is 1:2, which can be seen from the removal efficiency of organic compounds of 89.58%, and the color decrease is seen from the decrease in absorbance value.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with high toxicity that can enter the body through contaminated food chains, so wastewater containing cadmium needs to be treated before being discharged into the environment. This study uses adsorption methods to reduce Cd(II) concentration in artificial wastewater by utilizing modified sengon wood sawdust cellulose as a bioadsorbent. Adsorption tests were conducted in batch mode at room temperature with constant stirring, and the results were analyzed using AAS. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum adsorption conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to determine the adsorption capacity of the modified bioadsorbent based on the Freundlich or Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. The variations in bioadsorbent dose in this study were 2, 4, and 6 g/L; adsorption time variations were 30, 60, and 90 minutes; pH variations were 3, 4, and 5. Based on the design expert 13 RSM software, the optimum adsorption conditions for citric acid-modified bioadsorbent are a bioadsorbent dose of 3.957 g/L, time of 31.655 minutes, and pH of 4.968. For the EDTA-modified bioadsorbent, the optimum conditions were a bioadsorbent dose of 3.836 g/L, time of 30 minutes, and pH of 4.708. The results of the adsorption isotherm modeling indicate that the citric acid-modified and EDTA-modified bioadsorbents are more suitable for the Freundlich isotherm model due to their higher determination coefficient (R²). Thus, the adsorption capacities for the citric acid-modified and EDTA-modified bioadsorbents were determined to be 1.7828 mg/g and 1.5776 mg/g, respectively.

The tofu industry produces liquid waste containing high organic compounds. Organic compounds in liquid waste can threaten aquatic ecosystems if discharged directly into water bodies. One of the most effective wastewater treatment systems is the treatment using Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR). Besides being able to reduce the content of organic compounds, ASBR can produce biogas, and its decomposing microorganisms do not flow into the effluent stream. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of ASBR at an effective reactor volume according to the design. This is because the use of ASBR in previous studies had not reached the operational stage and did not use an effective volume reactor. The stages of waste treatment using ASBR include the seeding, acclimatization, and operation stages. Waste treatment took place at room temperature in the reactor with an effective volume of 6 L. The operating parameters tested were MLVSS, COD, BOD, pH, and cumulative biogas volume. The results obtained show that the seeding process took 56 days, acclimatization took 10 days, and the operation lasted for 17 days. The efficiency of reducing COD concentration was 60%, the efficiency of reducing BOD concentration was 35.65%, and the cumulative volume of biogas produced was 24,120 mL at the operating stage. The use of the ASBR system at an effective volume of 6 L resulted in the successful processing of tofu liquid waste.

The decaffeination of robusta coffee can be done through fermentation with a crude enzyme containing bromelain enzyme from pineapple. The study aims to determine the activity of the bromelain enzyme by the Kunitz method, the effect of fermentation time and crude enzyme concentration on the decaffeination process, and the characteristics of coffee before and after fermentation using FTIR. The fermentation time was varied from 6 to 36 hours and the crude enzyme concentration was varied from 10 to 80%. The activity of the bromelain enzyme was 36 U/ml. Fermentation time affects the decaffeination process, wherein the longer the fermentation time from 6 hours to 36 hours obtained caffeine content from 2.39% to 0.07%. Besides that, the crude enzyme concentration affects the decaffeination process, which obtained the lowest caffeine content or percent decaffeination at the crude extract concentration of 80% (v/v). FTIR results showed that the decaffeination process affected the reduction of caffeine in coffee samples. It can be shown from the increase in the %T value of the C-N functional group from 40.731 to 54.85.

Banana peel is a waste that is very abundant in Indonesia. The utilization of banana peel can be used for corrosion inhibitors. The type of environment applied in this study is an acidic environment, which is carried out in 2% HCl solution media. The purpose of this study is utilize banana waste extract obtained from the VMAE method. The extract was obtained by VMAE method at 150 watts, 300 watts and 450 watts for 10 minutes using ethanol solvent. The ratio of feed and solvent used was 1:10 (b/v). The results of the extract were subjected to phytochemical tests using Dragendroff, Wagner and Mayer reagents. After that, the extract was applied to the media for corrosion rate test and GC-MS. The results of the study showed that the lowest corrosion rate was obtained at a concentration of 1500 ppm non-aerated which was 0.7347 mmpy. While based on the GC-MS test results, terpenoid compounds and vitamin E can be detected from banana peel extract, where these two compounds are antioxidant substances that can be utilized as corrosion inhibitors.

Methylene blue adsorption research has been conducted using bioadsorbents from activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds. Coffee grounds and reeds contain carbon and cellulose that are effective for binding dyes. This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated carbon from coffee grounds and reeds based on SNI-06-3730-1995 and assess the color reduction of wastewater referring to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51/MENLH/1995, which sets the maximum methylene blue content in industrial wastewater at 5-10 mg/L. The research method includes bioadsorbent preparation, characterization, and adsorption process with UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Mass ratio variation was conducted on each adsorbent at each contact time variation and methylene blue concentration variation. The results of the analysis showed that the activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds fulfills SNI-06-3730-1995 which is characterized by values that are below the maximum value in each parameter. The effectiveness of methylene blue adsorption by coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon reached 98.15% at a ratio of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon 0:1 (w/w) for 120 minutes at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The adsorption capacity using the Freundlich isotherm method on reed activated carbon was 1.100 mg/g and coffee grounds activated carbon was 1.019 mg/g. The adsorption process of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon has no effect on the carbon and cellulose structure of coffee grounds and reeds contained in activated carbon, namely O-H, C-H, C=C, and C=O.

Ion exchange is one of the water treatment methods used to reduce hardness. To improve the performance of the ion exchange columns, modification can be done by adding an activated carbon column placed after the ion exchange column to adsorb ions that were not exchanged by the resin so that the treated water met boiler feed water quality standards. The purposes of this study were to determine the best flow rate to reduce hardness in the configuration of the ion exchange and activated carbon columns, determine the saturation time of each column, and determine their exchange/adsorption capacities. The steps of this study included modifications and repair of equipment, leak tests, and configuration system performance tests. Performance tests were conducted by varying the feed flow rates by 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1 GPM and analyzed the efficiency of hardness reduction. The results of this study showed that the best flow rate to reduce the initial hardness of 499 mg/ L CaCO3 was a flow rate of 0.6 GPM or 2.2 LPM. The efficiency of hardness reduction in the configuration system was 100%. The conductivity of the effluent of anion column and activated carbon column decreased compared to the conductivity of the effluent of cation column with an average decrease of 33.17% in the anion column and 18.35% in the activated carbon column. The saturation time of the configuration system was 168 minutes in cation resin, 46.4 minutes in anion resin, and 159 minutes in activated carbon. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of cation resin, anion resin, and activated carbon were 35.28 mg/g, 43.98 mg/g, and 9.61 mg/g, respectively. The addition of activated carbon in the configuration system lowers the conductivity of the effluent and decreases hardness.

Metallic corrosion, the deterioration process induced by the interaction between metals and corrosive environments, poses a significant challenge to material integrity and longevity. Corrosion inhibitors have been identified as an effective approach among various mitigation strategies. Natural extracts, such as those derived from turmeric/Curcuma longa, have garnered attention for their potential as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. This study endeavors to extract, characterize, and evaluate turmeric extract's efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor within a 30% acetic acid solution. Employing microwave-assisted extraction with a 96% ethanol solvent facilitated the isolation of the extract, which was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis through phytochemical screenings and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). These analyses confirmed the presence of antioxidative phytochemicals, including alkaloids, terpenoids, turmeronoids, curcumin, sesquiterpenoids, and phenols. The corrosion inhibitory properties of turmeric extract were assessed via immersion and flow loop experiments, revealing a notable reduction in corrosion rates—from 0.1540 mm/year to 0.0801 mm/year in immersion tests and from 5.3747 mm/year to 2.9369 mm/year in flow loop tests. Such outcomes underscore turmeric extract's potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor, attributed primarily to the chemical interactions facilitated by curcumin's phenolic and carbonyl groups with the metal surface, thereby enhancing protective efficacy. The inhibitor efficiency was quantified at 47.9743% and 45.3565% for immersion and flow loop tests, highlighting the extract's substantial inhibitory performance.

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, salah satunya kekayaan alam flora. Hal ini dipengaruhi karena Indonesia beriklim tropis. Salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di wilayah Indonesia adalah pohon pepaya. Pada tahun 2021, jumlah pepaya di Indonesia mencapai 1.168.266 ton dan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 14,94% dari tahun sebelumnya. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan manfaat daun pepaya yaitu dengan mengekstraksi daun pepaya tersebut untuk digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi daun pepaya dengan memvariasikan jenis pelarut yang digunakan yaitu metanol dan etanol serta daya microwave yang digunakan sebesar 150, 300, dan 450 watt. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 15 menit. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis kadar air, rendemen, dan uji fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak daun pepaya secara kualitatif. Hasil pengujian kadar air sebelum dan setelah pengeringan didapatkan bahwa kadar air awal daun pepaya sebesar 70,87% dan mengalami penurunan menjadi 6,92%. Sementara itu, rendemen ekstrak daun pepaya dengan pelarut metanol lebih besar dibandingkan rendemen dengan pelarut etanol, yang mana rendemen tertinggi dengan pelarut etanol dan metanol berturut-turut sebesar 72,07% dan 72,41%. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia dihasilkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya mengandung senyawa alkaloid.

Silika disamping dapat disintesis dari prekusornya, juga dapat diekstraksi melalui bahan-bahan alam salah satunya adalah dari limbah padat geothermal pada situs pembangkit listrik panas bumi. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan sintesis senyawa silika dari bahan baku limbah padat geothermal dengan metode sol-gel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh senyawa silika dari limbah padat geothermal dengan variasi implementasi penambahan HCl dalam metode sol-gel yaitu dengan metode tetes dan metode alir. Produk silika yang terbentuk kemudian dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ikatan kimia, kristalinitas, dan ukuran partikelnya. Bahan HCl yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini divariasikan pada tingkat kemurnian pro analis (p.a) dan teknis. Produk silika yang didapatkan mempunyai yield 25,74% dan 9,93% untuk masing-masing metode tetes dan metode alir. Karakterisasi produk silika yang dihasilkan mencakup analisis FTIR untuk karakter ikatan senyawa, difraksi sinar X untuk karakter kristalinitas dan metode dynamic light scattering untuk menentukan ukuran partikel produk. Karakteristik ikatan kimia dari analisis serapan bilangan gelombang dengan FITR menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan adalah silika. Senyawa yang didapatkan berjenis amorf bersasarkan kristalinistasnya dengan ukuran partikel terbesar pada 483,5 nm dengan penambahan HCl dengan metode alir dan 782,5 nm dengan metode tetes.

Training is one of many activities to improve the competencies of employees. Politeknik Negeri Bandung conducted wastewater treatment training for teachers from one of the vocational high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. To analyze the parameters influencing the training effectiveness of its training, this study employed quantitative research. Data regarding the demographics of respondents and respondents’ perceptions about various parameters influencing the training effectiveness were gathered by a survey questionnaire. In addition, the paper-based final test was used to identify the understanding of trainees about the content provided, and further, the data was used for analyzing training effectiveness. The data were then analyzed by using the statistical package for social sciences software. The findings suggested that the respondents have positive perceptions of training materials, training atmosphere, training facilities, training plan and schedule, and presentation mode. The average value of the Likert scale ranges from 3.33 to 3.89 of 4. It reflected that wastewater treatment training satisfied the trainee’s expectations from their point of view. Additionally, a positive linear correlation between the dependent parameter (training effectiveness) and five independent parameters could be inferred. The results of the study are valuable in encouraging organizations that hold training to take these parameters into account when carrying out similar training.

This paper studies the optimal ratio that gives the highest caffeine amount and improves the efficiency and quality of extraction from Arabica Gayo coffee beans. No previous studies have explored the best ratio of Gayo Arabica coffee beans to ethyl acetate solvent for extracting caffeine. The paper explains the method used, which has four main steps: preparing materials, extracting and measuring caffeine, and analyzing the results. The paper presents the experimental findings and discusses how different ratios affect caffeine content in Arabica Gayo coffee beans. It uses statistics to show significant differences between the ratios and compares them using Tukey tests. The paper concludes that the best solvent-to-coffee ratio for maximizing caffeine in ethyl acetate extracts is 1:5, resulting in a concentration of 1411.1 ppm. This ratio gives the best balance between caffeine yield and solvent usage.

Pisang merupakan salah satu buah yang proses pertumbuhannya cukup besar di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, produksi pisang Indonesia pada 2021 sebesar 8,84 juta ton. Besarnya produksi pisang dapat menjadi potensi yang sangat besar dalam menghasilkan limbah kulit pisang yang sejauh ini hanya dibuang begitu saja meskipun ada sebagian orang yang memanfaatkannya sebagai olahan makanan. Penelitian mengenai ekstraksi ini diharapkan mampu mendorong peluang pemanfaatan kulit pisang untuk keperluan lain seperti inhibitor korosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi daya microwave terhadap rendemen ekstrak kulit pisang. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai tingkat daya microwave pada waktu ekstraksi yang konstan. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah VMAE (Vacuum Microwave Assisted Extraction). Metode ini merupakan teknik ekstraksi yang menggabungkan penggunaan microwave dengan tekanan vakum untuk meningkatkan efisiensi ekstrak kulit pisang. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah etanol 96%, variasi daya sebesar 150, 300, dan 450 watt, serta waktu ekstraksi selama 10 menit. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis gravimetri, perhitungan rendemen, serta uji fitokimia menggunakan reagen. Melalui analisis gravimetri diketahui kadar air kulit pisang awal sebesar 63.71% menurun menjadi 6.98%. Dari proses ekstraksi diperoleh rendemen optimum sebesar 68.23% pada daya 300 watt. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia diketahuui bahwa ekstrak kulit pisang mengandung senyawa alkaloid.

Indonesia merupakan negara beriklim tropis sehingga menjadi negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati. Salah satu komoditas yang banyak dihasilkan oleh negara Indonesia adalah kunyit. Saat ini, pemanfaatan kunyit mayoritas hanya digunakan sebagai bahan masakan atau bumbu dapur. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan manfaat kunyit yaitu mengekstraksi kunyit dan digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi kunyit dengan memvariasikan jenis pelarut yang digunakan. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu metanol dan etanol dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 15 menit dan daya 300 watt. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis kadar air, rendemen, dan uji fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak kunyit secara kualitatif. Hasil pengujian kadar air sebelum dan setelah pengeringan didapatkan bahwa kadar air awal kunyit sebesar 84,99% dan mengalami penurunan menjadi 4,49%. Sementara itu, rendemen ekstrak kunyit dengan pelarut etanol lebih besar dibandingkan rendemen dengan pelarut metanol, yang mana rendemen dengan pelarut etanol dan metanol berturut-turut sebesar 69,09% dan 66,86%. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia dihasilkan bahwa ekstrak kunyit mengandung senyawa alkaloid.

Semiconductors are materials that range between insulators and conductors in terms of conductivity value. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor that is widely applied to various things. TiO2 has the benefits, such as being environmentally stable and inexpensive. TiO2 is photoactive in the range of ultraviolet radiation due to the band gap value of 3.2 eV. However, ultraviolet is only produced from 5% of sunlight. The research aimed to narrow the band gap energy so as to maximize light absorption. This is done by modification with the addition of Mg elements to TiO2 materials at different mass variations of Mg (1%, 1.5%, 2%) to the mass of TiO2 which is often referred to as doping. TiO2 was doped by Mg using a hydrothermal method for 24 hours with a temperature of 180ᵒC, followed by 2 hours of calcination at 400ᵒC. Then, TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis. Based on the results of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particle characterization using SEM, both particles are spherical in shape. The success of Mg doping was identified from the data of EDX characterization, which revealed that the mass % of the Mg component increased with the greater Mg doping concentration on TiO2 particles. There was no structural change following Mg doping on TiO2 particles, as evidenced by the same peak based on the results of FTIR characterization of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles. Moreover, a 2% Mg mass doping on pure TiO2 resulted in a decrease in band gap energy to 3.16 eV, in which the pure TiO2 was 3.39 eV. The mass doping of Mg on TiO2 required further optimization to obtain the maximum band gap energy reduction for photocatalytic applications.

Industrial development impacts environmental problems, such as the emergence of wastewater containing methylene blue. In this research, SiO2 was composited with ZnO to remove methylene blue. The steps of this study include SiO2 extraction from geothermal solid waste, ZnO/SiO2 synthesis, and methylene blue removal test. The process of extracting SiO2 from geothermal solid waste used the sol-gel method. The FTIR analysis showed that SiO2 contains siloxane group (Si-OH) and silanol group (Si-O-Si). ZnO/SiO2 synthesis was done by making SiO2 suspension and continued with adding the addition of several Zn(NO3)2.6H2O. The FTIR analysis of ZnO/SiO2 showed no absorption at the wavenumber 960 cm-1 and there is a shoulder around the number 950 cm-1 which indicates the vibration of Si-O-Zn. Meanwhile, methylene blue removal tests were carried out on artificial wastewater. Based on the research results, the highest percent removal (99%) was obtained under operating conditions, including a dose of 500 mg/L, pH 10, and contact time of 30 minutes. Based on box-benkhen analysis, it is known that dose and pH singularly affect the percent removal, while contact time does not affect the percent removal. The optimization results obtained optimum conditions for methylene blue removal at a dose of 581.952 mg/L, pH of 10, and contact time of 30 minutes. Percent removal in conditions without irradiation and with irradiation of UV light were 98.758% and 99.178%. It shows that the adsorption process is the main process in removing methylene blue, while the photocatalytic process has little effect because it is possible that only a small amount of ZnO can attach to the surface of SiO2.

Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) merupakan tanaman gulma yang dapat tumbuh cepat dalam air dan dapat mengakibatkan masalah ekologis di beberapa daerah sehingga diperlukan adanya pengendalian dan pemanfaatan. Pemanfaatan eceng gondok dapat dilakukan dengan mengambil senyawa kimia di dalamnya melalui proses ekstraksi untuk selanjutnya dapat diolah menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan rendemen ekstrak yang paling tinggi dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi eceng gondok melalui metode Vacuum Microwave Assisted Extraction (VMAE) menggunakan pelarut etanol dengan variasi konsentrasi 70% dan 96% serta waktu ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah 8, 10, dan 15 menit. Setelah itu, hasil ekstrak dipekatkan menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator pada tekanan 200 mBar, suhu 40°C, dan putaran 60 rpm. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis kadar gravimetri, perhitungan rendemen, serta dilakukan uji fitokimia. Dari analisis gravimetri diketahui kadar air awal eceng gondok sebesar 91.2% dan mengalami penurunan menjadi 5.63%. Hasil ekstrak dengan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 61.07% didapatkan pada konsentrasi etanol 96% dengan waktu 8 menit. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia, diketahui bahwa ekstrak eceng gondok mengandung senyawa alkaloid.

Vetiver plant is a plant that can be used as essential oil, phytoremediation, Au extraction. This research on vetiver plants was carried out with the aim of finding the highest percentage of the increase in yield density of vetiver plant extracts. The research was carried out at the Bandung State Polytechnic Process Unit Laboratory. The raw materials used come from the city of Garut, West Java, and the sizes are uniformed by 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm. This research was conducted with a ratio of raw material of vetiver and solvent of 1 : 10 (w/v). The solvent used is n-hexane. The operating condition used is an operating temperature of 70⁰C. The time used depends on the length of the cycle required for the operation process. The test method is density measurement using a pycnometer. The temperature used for testing is room temperature 25⁰C – 27⁰C. A number of extract samples were put into a picnometer and weighed using an analytical balance. Based on the results obtained from these conditions, it can be seen that there was an increase in the extract percentage from 0.031% in cycle 1 to 0.975% in cycle 9 at a particle size of 0.5 cm. While the results obtained at a size of 1.5 cm were 0.063% extract in cycle 1 and 1.111% in cycle 9. The highest extract percentage was obtained at a sample size of 0.5 cm in the 9th cycle.

Proses pengeringan ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas) varietas cilembu dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan daya simpan bahan. Proses pengeringan ubi jalar cilembu dikerjakan dengan menggunakan alat pengering jenis tray dryer pada suhu 50 °C dan laju alir 2 m/s. Kajian kinetika diperoleh bahwa model yang paling akurat dalam mereprentasikan kinetika pengeringan ubi jalar cilembu adalah model Page dengan persamaan kinetika adalah MR = exp (-0,0033t1,3894). Hasil analisis energi diketahui bahwa penggunaan energi dan rasio penggunaan energi mengalami kenaikan pada awal proses hingga menit ke-40 dan selanjutnya mengalami penurunan karena kadar air dalam sampel rendah. Nilai penggunaan energi dan rasio penggunaan energi berturut-turut pada rentang 7,96-9,19 kJ/s dan 0,51-0,61. Sementara itu, efisiensi eksergi berada pada rentang 28-31%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi eksergi relatif rendah karena sebagian besar eksergi yang disediakan terbawa oleh udara keluar tray dryer. Kata kunci: ubi jalar cilembu, kinetika, energi, eksergi, pengeringan

Water-based adhesive was one of the most important media for bonding substrates to one another because of their environmental friendly character. Previously, in the application of hardwood adhesives such as Ulin and Merbau, the type of adhesive used was a two-component system. For this reason, a one-component water-based adhesive was introduced in this study. The advantage of these was environmental friendly and high durability. In this application, delamination was one of the important parameters to determine whether the adhesive used was well penetrated or not. For this reason, delamination will be the main parameter in this study. This research includes the preparation of tools and materials, manufacture of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) solution, polymerization of polyvinyl acetate by mixing the main raw material of vinyl acetate monomer and PVOH solution using APS (ammonium persulfate) initiator. The polymerization process was carried out at 1 atm pressure and 75oC – 80oC temperature accompanied by stirring with ±500 rpm rotation rate. Final product is a homopolymer PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) with PVOH Z-210 with AAEM (acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate) content having an acetoxy functional group. A delamination test was carried out on the final product with a modified test based on Japanese Agricultural Standard 1152 where the product was immersed in water for 360 minutes, then placed in an oven at 40oC for 18 hours. Samples using PVOH with AAEM content have an average delamination rate of 0.67-1.67% while existing products on the market have an average delamination rate of 45.83-52.08%.