A comprehensive analysis of ‘Mission Shakti: Transformative Power of Women’s Collectives in Rural Empowerment’ has been made about India and its role in the collective empowerment among rural women in Odisha, India. (Mission Shakti, 2001). It established a vibrant system of systematic entrepreneurship for women by combining women’s self-help groups (WSHGs) to enable social and economic empowerment. The analysis also indicated the extent to which the initiative worked towards mobilizing 6 lakh groups of about 70 lakh women in the state’s blocks and urban local bodies. Some point out that the strategies needed to help already established WSHGs and the likely creation of new groups include regular support and supervision, linkage to market opportunities and access to credit. In addition, the case study examines two new departments that were set up to institutionalize and scale up the SHG movement in Odisha: a Department of Mission Shakti in June 2021 and a separate Directorate of Mission Shakti in April 2017. An examination of the process and achievements of Mission Shakti thus offers convincing proof of how women’s collectives can transform rural power structures, clearly demonstrated in this case (which is only a modest portrayal compared to actual progress in Odisha). The case study may be used by students aspiring to take courses in development economics, women’s studies, policymaking, management and social entrepreneurship. This article explores the revolutionary transitional changes due to community-driven projects in rural areas and collective work focused on advancing women economically.

The study analyzes the impact of women’s entrepreneurial efforts on rural poverty (RP) reduction across two resource-scarce regions of Odisha, India. Its main objectives are creating creative home-based ventures (HBVs) and long-term RP solutions. The analysis assesses how home-based entrepreneurs’ sociocultural, economic and educational backgrounds affect the development of HBVs and the mitigation of RP. A women-led project in Odisha called Mission Shakti uses self-help groups and business ventures to empower women. The original data was gathered from 363 respondents in Odisha who were members of the Mission Shakti group. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to investigate the correlations between the constructs, and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures 21.0) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0) were used for the analysis. The findings indicate that RP alleviation through Mission Shakti in Odisha and entrepreneurship have a statistically significant and favourable relationship. The additional findings of the study demonstrate that respondents’ sociocultural capabilities, rather than their educational and economic backgrounds, have a considerable and favourable influence on the expansion of their home-based enterprises and that the improvement of RP alleviation is more positively impacted by the qualitative growth of entrepreneurship than by the numeric growth. The study’s concentration on woman entrepreneurs in Mission Shakti’s rural Khordha and Angul areas is one of its limitations. It is possible to carry out comparable research in other Indian areas where the rural populace is significantly deprived. Policymakers in rural Odisha should consider the findings to address targeted RP. Thus, this report recommends that home-based businesses in rural Odisha should actively explore entrepreneurship to reduce poverty. Additionally, the study offers a helpful lesson to different parties involved in programs to reduce poverty in other developing nations. The integration of capacity theory and SEM in the setting of a rising economy such as Odisha, India, contributes to the body of knowledge in this research regarding the relationship linking entrepreneurship and the alleviation of RP.

Empowerment of women playing a significant role in society. When women will empower with financially at that time her family income level increase. Mission Shakti gives the power to increase his financial stability. In layman language we can say the women is Samarthy to run her family. Indian constitution provides the women equal freedom and opportunity, so they can empower by them self. Both literate and illiterate women have rights to empower by themselves. So Government of Odisha plays a significant role to empower women through Mission Shakti Department. This department has deep reach to women, nearly about 70 lakh women through 6 lakh groups. The groups are self empower by them self selves through the help of the Mission Shakti.This Paper is mainly focused how the group is converted SHGs to SMEs with the help of Mission Shakti. What types of Marketing Strategy they followed to reach her goal from SHGs to SMEs.Marketing tactics used by cluster members to sell the manufactured goods, as well as the intensity of empowerment among members of women, SHGs to SMEs in Sustainable Livelihood actions. Data were obtained from the districts of Angul and Khordha using a standardized questionnaire written in the local language. Around 180 members of various women SHGs were chosen for the study. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data was analyzed using one-way Anova, multiple regression, and Pearson correlation. most crucial components such as Sustainable Livelihood, Women Entrepreneurship, and Women Empowerment, all of which have a significant impact on the performance of Marketing Strategies used by SHG members in rural Odisha. It was also bring into being that the number of SHG members and the time-span of years the SHG group has been founded had a substantial impact convert SHGs to SMEs.

Sambalpuri Handloom weavers of Western Odisha are known for their rich skill, creativity, and innovative designs. Steady decline in the earnings has resulted in the migration of weavers both professionally and geographically. Economic crisis is forcing these weavers to face livelihood crisis. The weavers who have created history and brought glory by their rich artistry are being forced to change their livelihood. The present study has been undertaken in sixteen clusters of four districts of Western Odisha. It has been observed that the role played by the businessman (middleman) is quite important. Though the price of the product is quite high, the weavers are not satisfied with the emoluments amounts that they receive. The actual benefits from marketing of this handloom are accruing to the middlemen rather than the weavers. The COVID -19 pandemic and economic shutdown has broken the supply chain of both the backward and forward linkage of the Sambalpuri handloom industry. Necessary policy should be made both by the central and state governments to rescue these handloom weavers.

The modern agricultural system is favorable for the wealthy and big farmers as compared to small& marginal farmers. But sustainable agriculture practice is economically viable, socially responsible, and ecologically sound. Which means it is very much favorable for our ecology as well as for small farmers. This study examined the farmer's awareness of sustainable agriculture and its implication for the rural economy. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 farmers in 8 villages of Malkangiri district of Odisha. This study mainly focused on tribal farmers. Data collection was done with the use of a structured interview schedule and described using descriptive analysis. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the existence of relationships between different variables i.e., age, year offormal education, farming experience, farm size, and farmer's awareness. This study was able to examine farmers’ awareness of sustainable agriculture. Farmers positively accepted the practice of sustainable agriculture and appreciated its potential as an alternative to conventional agriculture, a profitable venture, capable of providing a healthy family income that would improve the rural economy. State Government and Central Government should strengthen efforts through collaboration with relevant non-governmental organizations to keep farmers up to date with sustainable agriculture practices and their benefits.

In India production of vegetables being highly seasonal with extreme perish ability causes several problems in production, as well as in marketing.India is the world's largest producer of many vegetables. Whereas Odisha ranked fourth in terms of production of vegetables. Angul district in Odisha, which plays an important role for the vegetable growers and also for the consumers that the farmers could be benefited and the consumers could fetch fresh vegetables in proper price. vegetables will play an important role by contributing adequate vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, fibres etc but it is a known fact that horticulture sector in India is constrained by low crop productivity, limited irrigation facilities and underdeveloped infrastructure support like cold storages, markets, roads, transportation facilities etc. There are heavy post-harvest and handling losses, resulting in low productivity per unit area and high cost of production. Analysis shows, there is an inverse relation between the farm size of the respondents and their overall problems of marketing vegetables in farmers’ market. This study was done in Angul district of Odisha, India. The total sample size of farmer 152, middlemen 35 and the consumer is 52 respondents have been selected from that region. Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses. There was significant relationship (p< 0.05) among respondent's age, educational background, landholding for vegetable farming, social aspects, benefits, and awareness of vegetable farming. This research is mainly focuses on the village level data of Angul district of Odisha. It focuses on the problems of farmers relating to marketing of vegetables as well as distribution and warehousing issues of the village farmers. It also focuses on the middle men and customer satisfaction towards the vegetable marketing in-term of quality and price.

There is a significant role of vocational education in reducing unemployability, particularly in the context of Industry 4.0. The study has taken into account various literature reviews to understand the vocational education and its impact on unemployment, with special reference to Skilled in Odisha Program. Vocational education provides students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the modern job market. In India, the Skilled in Odisha program is a state government-led initiative aimed at improving the quality of vocational training and education. This program has had a positive impact on the state's ITIs, leading to higher enrolment and national recognition for their quality. The program has also helped bridge the employability skill gap, preparing students for the jobs of the future. As Industry 4.0 continues to transform the job market, vocational education and programs like Skilled in Odisha will become increasingly important in ensuring employability and reducing unemployment.

"Able to be maintained" this is what the term sustainable stands for. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, sustainable agriculture is "the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources". The Sustainable Development Goals are a framework of 17 goals and 169 targets across social, economic, and environmental areas of sustainable development. The second goal is to focus on the promotion of sustainable agriculture. This research will help in filling the major gaps in sociological studies of sustainable agriculture. This information will be helpful for farmers, development organizations, donors, and policy makers in formulating the development of effective initiatives and policies to support the development of sustainable agriculture. The main aim of this study is to evaluate farmer's awareness of sustainable agriculture and issues related to it. This study was done in southern region of Odisha, India. 150 respondents have been selected from that region. Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses. There was significant relationship (p< 0.05) among respondent's age, educational background, farm size, social aspects, benefits, and awareness of Sustainable Agriculture.

The study aims to examine the livelihood of Sambalpuri handloom weavers of Western Odisha, India. By using the primary field survey data and analysing both the qualitative and quantitative data, it presents the socio-economic conditions of the weavers. A binary choice model is used to analyse the livelihood of weavers. The analysis shows that although the price of the product is quite high, almost all the weavers are not satisfied with the amount of the emoluments that they receive. The middleman plays a critical role in marketing. But the actual benefits from marketing the Sambalpuri handloom products are going to middleman rather than weavers. It recommends making necessary policies both by the central as well as the state governments to rescue these handloom weavers.

Primary bilateral synchronous breast carcinomas are defined as those which have different histomorphological types of cancer in both breast and both appear simultaneously or few months apart. Invasive carcinoma, No Special Subtype (IC-NST) constitutes the most common variant of breast carcinoma. Our case was an elderly lady presenting with bilateral breast lumps and no family history of breast cancer. Histopathology revealed malignancy of both breast with pure mucinous type on one side and invasive carcinoma (NST) on the other side. Primary synchronous breast carcinoma though a rare finding draws our attention to the more important issue of bilateral breast examination in all breast carcinoma cases.

Social safety nets are transfers targeted to the poor or vulnerable. They facilitate access to health and education services to build human capital. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (earlier known as Millennium Development Goals), national and state governments as well as international organisations have focused on increasing the investments in social transfer programmes. Public works are the policy instruments for mitigating the negative effects of climatic and systematic risks on poor farmers and unskilled and semi-skilled workers. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the largest social protection programme in the world that provides 100 days of unskilled wage employment to any household residing in rural areas whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. In the state of Odisha the MGNREGA scheme is widely implemented. However, the irregularities involved in the implementation of this social protection programme are of great concern. The present study focuses on the implementation of MGNREGA in three districts of western Odisha. The study has tried to identify the bottleneck in the success of MGNREGA scheme.

Giant cell tumors (GCT) commonly occur at the ends of long bones. However in rare cases, they can occur in bones of hands and feet. We here report a case of giant cell tumor of first metacarpal bone in a 33-year-old male to highlight the importance of occurrence of such a common bone tumor in extremely rare location. Diagnosis of giant cell tumor should not be missed even in extremely rare location as GCT is well known for its aggressive behavior and local recurrence.

Lipomas are benign, slow-growing soft tissue tumors composed of mature adipocytes. Despite of their high prevalence, they are rarely seen at the upper aero-digestive tract. Lipoma formation in palatine tonsil is quite rare (1-4% of all benign neoplasm of this location) and worldwide very few cases have been reported in medical literature so far. In this article we report a rare case of palatine tonsil lipoma in a 24 years old male patient and the review of the related literature.

Vowel onset point (VOP) is the instant of time at which the vowel region starts in a speech signal. The VOPs are used as anchor points to design various speech based systems. Different algorithms exist in the literature to identify the occurrences of vowels in continuous spoken utterances. The algorithm based on combined evidences derived from source excitation, spectral peaks and modulation spectrum have been used as a baseline system for the present study. The baseline system provides a satisfactory level of performance under clean data condition. However under noisy data condition the performance of the previous system may be improved further by additional pre-processing of the raw speech data and post-processing the detected VOPs. In this paper we propose to use the speech enhancement techniques as pre-processing module to remove the noise from the speech data under different noisy conditions. The pre-processed speech data is then passed through the baseline system to detect the VOPs. It has been observed that there exist several spurious VOPs at the output of the baseline system. We propose to use a post-processing module based on average signal-to-noise ratio and information derived from the glottal closure instant to remove the spurious VOPs. The experiments were carried out on clean, artificially injected noisy, and data collected from the practical noisy environments. The results suggest that the proposed system using pre-processing and post-processing modules is robust and shows an improvement of 28–35 % over the existing baseline system by removing the spurious VOPs under different noisy conditions.

Teratoma is a germ cell tumor common in anterior mediastinum but intrapulmonary location is rare. Gonadal and extra-gonadal primary site needs to be ruled out first to call the tumor as intrapulmonary teratoma. Here, we report a case of benign intrapulmonary cystic teratoma in a 28 year old female who presented with left sided chest pain and shortness of breath and was initially provisionally diagnosed to have hydatid cyst in lung.

Dynamic Time Warping has always been a popular technique for pattern matching of two speech samples for Automatic Speaker Recognition. DTW score evaluated from the minimum distance matrix is generally used to identify the similarity between two speech samples and thereby giving a decision for the Text Dependent Speaker Verification system. This paper discusses a system based on DTW trace back path for the alignment of two speech samples for the decisions are thereby compared with the performance of the system with the system based on DTW Score. The result shows a significant improvement in the performance of the system suggesting that the trace back path provides a better similarity measure as compared to that of the DTW Score.

Statistical pattern recognition has been considered to be one of the most successful approaches in the recent advancement of speech and speaker recognition. Out of all the approaches Hidden Markov Models, Gaussian mixture models and Vector Quantization has been considered to be one of the most successful techniques in regards to the performance of the speaker recognition systems. However the performance of these techniques degrades when subjected to limited data condition and noisy environment. Fuzzy approaches with their variable fuzzy parameters may reduce the degradation. This paper attempts to highlight the effect of learning parameter of objective function while implementing Fuzzy Vector Quantization on Text Dependent Speaker Verification under limited data condition and also under practical noisy environment. The entire set of experiments were performed between learning parameter m=1.1 to m=2 and the system accuracy was observed in each case. The experimental results performed on telephonic database suggests better results for learning parameter m=1.37 where the maximum accuracy of the system reaches 84.81%. However the performance of the system also depends on codebook size. Our research focuses the effectiveness of the variation of learning parameter in speaker verification performance and robustness of the system.

The state-of-art speaker recognition system employs vocal tract information for modeling through different supervised and unsupervised models. Whereas, the baseline of the paper uses LP-residual as the acoustic feature for the following studies. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is used to model the information extracted from LP-residual to develop speaker models. FCM is a well-known unsupervised fuzzy model used in speech recognition. Speakers are modeled in order to develop a text-dependent Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) system. The performance of FCM model have been observed for different codebook sizes varying from 32 to 1024. Also studies are carried out for different fuzzy membership values varying from 1.39 to 4. For LP-residual features, the performance of FCM remains unchanged even after changing the codebook sizes whereas with the change of fuzzy membership the performance of the system is observed to vary.