Abstract We preview two processes that facilitate using formic acid (HCOOH) as a liquid hydrogen carrier to store renewably‐generated electrical energy and then release it to generate electrical power cleanly for backup or emergency applications. First, we show that simultaneously oxidizing an organic solute (typically a waste stream) can assist the electrochemical synthesis of formic acid by lowering the cell potential. The electrolyser comprises a hybrid 3‐chamber PEM stack that reduces CO₂ via a gas‐diffusion cathode boosted by the oxidation of aqueous methanol. However, the extent of the boosting needs to be optimized across the whole operation of the cell. Next, we present results from an intensified reactor for decomposing formic acid back into H₂ and CO₂ at elevated pressure so that the H₂ can be used in a fuel cell. The reactor combines three operations: Vaporization of the formic acid, its decomposition, and separation of the product stream. Their close coupling affords energy savings and a compact design that could be mounted on a mobile skid. We briefly discuss the electrode catalyst that facilitates the first process and two thermally activated catalysts (Ir supported on covalent triazine framework and Pd supported on carbon) that enable the second process.

Green hydrogen can play a key role in affordably decarbonizing society. However, storage and transmission costs pose significant barriers to green hydrogen distribution. These limitations may be overcome with liquid green hydrogen carriers like ammonia, methanol, and toluene/methylcyclohexane, as well as formic acid, which has only recently received limited attention. A techno-economic assessment of these hydrogen carriers is presented across a wide range of scales. Green formic acid is identified to be the most cost-effective carrier when the entire supply-chain cost is considered. Additional analysis shows that formic acid is the only green carrier that is more affordable to produce than its fossil-based counterpart and is the safest of the studied carriers. Finally, research and policy outlooks are provided to guide efforts toward the realization of a green hydrogen economy. This work provides information on the selection of a suitable green hydrogen carrier, which is essential to decarbonize at the rate needed to avoid climate catastrophe.