This paper considers estimation and model selection of quantile vector autoregression (QVAR). Conventional quantile regression often yields undesirable crossing quantile curves, violating the monotonicity of quantiles. To address this issue, we propose a simplex quantile vector autoregression (SQVAR) framework, which transforms the autoregressive (AR) structure of the original QVAR model into a simplex, ensuring that the estimated quantile curves remain monotonic across all quantile levels. In addition, we impose the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty on the SQVAR model to mitigate the explosive nature of the parameter space. We further develop a Bayesian information criterion (BIC)-based procedure for selecting the optimal penalty parameter and introduce new frameworks for impulse response analysis of QVAR models. Finally, we establish asymptotic properties of the proposed method, including the convergence rate and asymptotic normality of the estimator, the consistency of AR order selection, and the validity of the BIC-based penalty selection. For illustration, we apply the proposed method to U.S. financial market data, highlighting the usefulness of our SQVAR method.

With the rapid advancement of information technology and data collection systems, large-scale spatial panel data presents new methodological and computational challenges. This paper introduces a dynamic spatial panel quantile model that incorporates unobserved heterogeneity. The proposed model captures the dynamic structure of panel data, high-dimensional cross-sectional dependence, and allows for heterogeneous regression coefficients. To estimate the model, we propose a novel Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Contributions to Bayesian computation include the development of quantile randomization, a new Gibbs sampler for structural parameters, and stabilization of the tail behavior of the inverse Gaussian random generator. We establish Bayesian consistency for the proposed estimation method as both the time and cross-sectional dimensions of the panel approach infinity. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of the approach through a case study on the quantile co-movement structure of the gasoline market.

This study proposes a novel functional dynamic network autoregressive framework for analyzing network and dynamic interactions of functional outcomes in panel data settings. In this framework, an individual's outcome function is influenced by his/her previous outcome and the outcomes of others through a simultaneous equation system. To estimate the functional parameters of interest, we need to cope with the endogeneity issue arising from these interactions among outcome functions. We address this issue by developing a novel functional moment-based estimator. We establish the consistency, convergence rate, and pointwise asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator. Additionally, we discuss the estimation of marginal effects and functional network impulse responses. As an empirical illustration, we analyze the demand for a bike-sharing service in the U.S. The results reveal statistically significant spatial interactions in bike availability, with interaction patterns varying over the time of day.

We characterize the U.S. interbank liquidity risk network based on a supervisory dataset, using a scenario-based quantile network connectedness approach. In terms of methodology, we consider a quantile vector autoregressive model with unobserved heterogeneity and propose a Bayesian nuclear norm estimation method. A common factor structure is employed to deal with unobserved heterogeneity that may exhibit endogeneity within the network. Then we develop a scenario-based quantile network connectedness framework by accommodating various economic scenarios, through a scenario-based moving average expression of the model where forecast error variance decomposition under a future pre-specified scenario is derived. The methodology is used to study the quantile-dependent liquidity risk network among large U.S. bank holding companies. The estimated quantile liquidity risk network connectedness measures could be useful for bank supervision and financial stability monitoring by providing leading indicators of the system-wide liquidity risk connectedness not only at the median but also at the tails or even under a pre-specified scenario. The measures also help identify systemically important banks and vulnerable banks in the liquidity risk transmission of the U.S. banking system.

This paper introduces a spatial panel quantile model with unobserved heterogeneity. The proposed model is capable of capturing high-dimensional cross-sectional dependence and allows heterogeneous regression coefficients. For estimating model parameters, a new estimation procedure is proposed. When both the time and cross-sectional dimensions of the panel go to infinity, the uniform consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimated parameters are established. In order to determine the dimension of the interactive fixed effects, we propose a new information criterion. It is shown that the criterion asymptotically selects the true dimension. Monte Carlo simulations document the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. Finally, the method is applied to study the quantile co-movement structure of the U.S. stock market by taking into account the input–output linkages as firms are connected through the input–output production network.

This article provides methods for flexibly capturing unobservable heterogeneity from longitudinal data in the context of an exponential family of distributions. The group memberships of individual units are left unspecified, and their heterogeneity is influenced by group-specific unobservable factor structures. The model includes, as special cases, probit, logit, and Poisson regressions with interactive fixed effects along with unknown group membership. We discuss a computationally efficient estimation method and derive the corresponding asymptotic theory. Uniform consistency of the estimated group membership is established. To test heterogeneous regression coefficients within groups, we propose a Swamy-type test that allows for unobserved heterogeneity. We apply the proposed method to the study of market structure of the taxi industry in New York City. Our method unveils interesting and important insights from large-scale longitudinal data that consist of over 450 million data points.

This paper considers the estimation and inference procedures for the case of a logistic panel regression model with interactive fixed effects, where multiple individual effects are allowed and the model is capable of capturing high-dimensional cross-section dependence. The proposed model also allows for heterogeneous regression coefficients. New Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches are introduced to estimate the model parameters. We investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the estimated parameters. We show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated regression coefficients and the estimated interactive fixed effects when both the cross-section and time-series dimensions of the panel go to infinity. We prove that the dimensionality of the interactive effects can be consistently estimated by the proposed information criterion. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method. Finally, the method is applied to study the performance of New York City medallion drivers in terms of efficiency.

Panel data models with interactive effects are important in many fields of study.PDMIF is a package for R that intends to make the estimation of various heterogeneouspanel data models with interactive effects straightforward. The package providesfunctions to estimate a wide range of models and to make inferences. The type of responsevariable includes continuous and binary outcomes, and counts. The package can also implementclustering as well as quantile regressions for heterogeneous panel data modelswith interactive effects. We describe the package options and the associated results withsynthesis data.

We develop a new technique to estimate vector autoregressions with a common factor error structure by quantile regression. We apply our technique to study credit risk spillovers among a group of 17 sovereigns and their respective financial sectors between January 2006 and December 2017. We show that idiosyncratic credit risk shocks propagate much more strongly in both tails than at the conditional mean or median. Furthermore, we develop a measure of the relative spillover intensity in the right and left tails of the conditional distribution that provides a timely aggregate measure of systemic financial fragility and that can be used for risk management and monitoring purposes. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Tongue piercing causes various complications, including bleeding, pain and infection and it cause potential life-threatening complications. An 18-year-old woman presents with losing a needle in mouth. She attempted to perform tongue piercing using piercing needle by herself at home, and it was lost in mouth. The patient showed speech difficulty, but no active bleeding and edema of the floor of mouth. Computed tomography showed approximately 50 mm needle like structure in tongue. General anesthesia was performed with nasal intubation using video laryngoscope. The surgeon found the needle could be hold in the tongue by fingers. The needle in the tongue was holding by left fingers, and 10 mm skin incision was made by right hand. The needle tip was pushed to the incision line and it was removed. There was no bleeding immediate after needle removal. She could speak immediate after surgery. Two days after surgery, the patient discharged with no complications.

A 74-year-old man presented with hemorrhage from the mandible after an injury caused by a 5 x 3 x 3-cm metal square column flying from a 45-ton press machine that struck the right side of his face. He is a known atrial fibrillation patient and is on rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. An approximately 8-cm Y-shaped wound with persistent hemorrhage was observed in the right mandible, and the mandible was displaced between the right mandibular canine and first premolar. Although the patient showed no dyspnea, the sublingual region showed a slight dark purple swelling; fiberoptic nasal intubation was performed. Computed tomography at 3.5 hours after the injury revealed a comminuted fracture of the right mandibular body, edema at the floor of the mouth, nasal cavity, upper pharynx to hypopharynx, and the pharyngeal airway around the endotracheal tube. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed. Rivaroxaban was started again 3 days after surgery.

This paper investigates the asymptotic properties of a penalized empirical likelihood estimator for moment restriction models when the number of parameters ( p n ) and/or the number of moment restrictions increases with the sample size. Our main result is that the SCAD-penalized empirical likelihood estimator is n / p n -consistent under a reasonable condition on the regularization parameter. Our consistency rate is better than the existing ones. This paper also provides sufficient conditions under which n / p n -consistency and an oracle property are satisfied simultaneously. As far as we know, this paper is the first to specify sufficient conditions for both n / p n -consistency and the oracle property of the penalized empirical likelihood estimator.

Lenvatinib is a molecular targeted drug used in the treatment of patients with unresectable thyroid cancer. We present a case of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), which occurred in a patient receiving lenvatinib therapy and which was treated by surgical management. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the possibility of MRONJ being associated with lenvatinib and to accumulate knowledge regarding the management and treatment of MRONJ associated with antiangiogenic drugs. The patient's past medical history included thyroid follicular carcinoma with multiple bone metastasis diagnosed in 2013. Lenvatinib was used on the patient in July 2015 for the treatment of thyroid follicular carcinoma. Three months after the start of the lenvatinib drug holiday, a sequestrectomy involving the extraction of the lower right canine and upper left first premolar was performed under general anesthesia. The patient maintained lenvatinib therapy and when a follow-up was made five months after sequestrectomy, the wound showed complete mucosal healing. Levatinib is related to MRONJ and its developmental mechanism might be caused by inhibition of angiogenesis targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

INTRODUCTION:Many cases of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), which is an intractable disease, have been reported. Although a general intravenous injection of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may be effective for treating BRONJ, it has some severe problems. Therefore, our aim was to develop a treatment of locally administered MSCs. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSC sheet transplantation in the mandibular bone healing in beagle dogs, which were administered zoledronate and dexamethasone. METHODS:MSCs isolated from subcutaneous fat were seeded onto temperature-responsive culture dishes to produce MSC sheets. Zoledronate and dexamethasone were administered to beagle dogs. Then, the parts of mandibular cortical bones were removed, and MSC sheets were transplanted to cover those bone defects (MSC sheet transplant side) or not (Control side). The specimens were evaluated in micro CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:Four weeks after surgery, redness and swellings were observed in the mucosal wounds of the control sides of 2 of 3 dogs. In contrast, the mucosal wounds of the MSC sheet transplant sides of all dogs completely healed. Histological images showed some free sequestrums and many bacterial colonies, and Immunohistological analysis showed some cathepsin K-positive multinuclear cells detached from jaw bone surfaces in the control sides. CONCLUSIONS:MSC sheet transplantation promotes healthy healing of wounds caused by zoledronate and dexamethasone in canine mandibular bones. And the injured canine mandibular bones administered zoledronate and dexamethasone showed BRONJ-like findings.

We report the case of a gastric trichobezoar found during the treatment of a palatal mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 14-year-old girl who had experienced maternal neglect. The patient had been subjectively aware of pain in the palatal region since August 2015, at the age of 14-years, but it was never treated. In December 2015, she was examined at a local dental clinic and reffered to the dental and oral surgery department of a local hospital, where a biopsy-based diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma was made. She was then referred to our department. After detailed examinations, partial maxillectomy was performed with the patient under general anesthesia in January 2016. Abdominal distension was found upon initiation of anesthesia, and it was impossible to insert a gastric tube. Therefore, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, revealing a large mass of hair. General anesthesia was judged to be manageable, and the surgery was performed. On postoperative day 13, the trichobezoar was removed via a ventrotomy with the patient under general anesthesia in the pediatric surgery department. To date, 18 months after the first operation, there has been no recurrence, metastasis, trichobezoar, or trichophagia.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop an oral bleeding risk scoring system (OBRS) for predicting the post-tooth-extraction bleeding risk in patients medicated with warfarin.Materials and Methods: We included a derivation cohort of 211 consecutive inpatients from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2015 and a validation cohort of 63 consecutive inpatients from April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016 who underwent tooth extraction at Tokyo Women's Medical University hospital. Post-tooth-extraction bleeding was observed in 29 (13.7%) cases in the derivation cohort. Using multivariate logistic analysis, three predictors (international normalized ratio of prothrombin time: PT-INR, drugs, incision) were selected for the final model.Results: OBRS was derived as follows: PT-INRÁE+drugs+incision. Receiver operating characteristic curves provided area under the curve of 0.77 (95%CI, 0.67 to 0.85) for OBRS, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.71) for HAS-BLED score, and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79) for PT-INR. The high-risk cut-off OBRS value was 5.08 points. Post-tooth-extraction bleeding was observed in 9 (14.2%) cases in the validation cohort. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 90.7%, respectively. The OBRS showed excellent performance with respect to predictor score.Conculusions: The proposed OBRS showed good performance for predicting post-tooth extraction bleeding in patients undergoing warfarin treatment.

Summary:. Hemangioma in the submandibular gland or submandibular space is rare. A 31-year-old woman was referred to our department. She became aware of painless swelling in the right submandibular gland at 9 months ago. The right submandibular gland showed swelling with no tenderness, and the palpation was softer than the normal submandibular gland. Magnetic resonance imaging short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequence showed a 38 × 29 mm well-circumscribed, lobulated mass with high signal intensity attached with the submandibular gland. Computed tomography showed phlebolith formation. A clinical diagnosis of suspected hemangioma in submandibular gland was made, and submandibular gland excision including mass was performed with submandibular approach without complications. No unusual bleeding during the surgery was observed. Pathological finding indicated that thick walled vessels containing smooth muscle were proliferated with dilatation. Some vascular lumen included phlebolith calcification. Although the boundary with the submandibular gland was mainly clear, some parts were irregularly occupied with a component of hemangioma. The final diagnosis was venous hemangioma in submandibular gland. No postoperative recurrence was recognized in 1-year follow-up. A search of PubMed revealed that only 18 cases associated with hemangioma in the submandibular gland in 12 English articles. Literature review indicated that (1) approximately 70% patients showed painful swelling and (2) x-ray or computed tomography may indicate the phlebolith calcification. It may make an erroneous diagnosis of sialolithiasis. Magnetic resonance imaging finding would be needed for the diagnosis.

Radical mandible resection causes significant functional and cosmetic impairment. Nonvascularized bone reconstruction and oral rehabilitation using fixed prosthesis with dental implants enabled recovery of appearance and mastication function.