The possibility of using the sawdust biomass of Platanus orientalis for the purification of model solutions from the dye "Methylene blue" (MG) was studied. Washed and dried sawdust frac-tions less than 1.0 mm were used. Adsorption studies were carried out under static conditions on model solutions. In experiments, the sorption capacity of the material under study was determined for native sawdust and modified with 3% H2SO4. It has been established that the sorption capacity of sawdust biomass is 0.26 mmol/g of MG for native biomass and 0.34 mmol/g for modified one. The specific surface of the sorption material, calculated through the Avogadro number, Na, and the cross-sectional area of the MG molecule, Q, was 0.28 m2/g for native biomass and 0.36 m2/g for the modified one. The efficiency of purification of the model solution from MG at the ratio of the mass of sawdust m to the initial concentration of the solution Cin (m/Cin) equal to 5 is 75% for the original sawdust and 86% for the modified ones; when the m/C ratio is changed to 8, the cleaning efficiency for native sawdust is 92%, and for modified sawdust it is 95%. Adsorption isotherms have been obtained, which, according to the IUPAC classification, characterize single-stage adsorption on microporous solid adsorbents. Mathematical processing of adsorption isotherms in the frame-work of the Langmuir, Freidlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich models showed that the adsorption pro-cess is most adequately described by the Freudlich model for both native (R2 = 0.9501) and modified (R2 = 0.9389) sawdust. The value of the Gibbs energy, Delta Go, kJ/mol center dot K, has a negative sign both for native (Delta Go =-7.237) and for modified ones (Delta Go =-19.568), which indicates a spontaneous flow of the process. Sorption capacity of sawdust biomass after treatment with acid increases from 0.26 to 0.34 mmol/g, i.e. by 30%.

Natural lignins play a key physiological role in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses throughout the life cycle of a plant organism. Radiation influence is a powerful anthropogenic factor that can disrupt the normal functioning of plants, which are forced to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This work was aimed at assessing the effect of radiation factors on the chemical structure of stress lignins from aspen stands that have passed the main stages of ontogeny in radioactively contaminated areas. As a result of our research the chemical composition of stress lignins, the quantitative ratios of guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-coumaric structural units, as well as main types of intermonomer bonds, were determined. Radioactive stress resulted in changing chemical structure of lignins expressed in the increasing quantity of syringyl units and decreasing proportion of guaiacyl and p-coumaric units. In the paper a novel estimation of the quantity of intermonomer ether bonds, substructures of resinol, phenylcoumaran, and dibenzodioxocin was presented. It was determined that radiation stress leads to increasing number of ether bonds and decreasing number of other types of intermonomer bonds. Conclusions about the effect of exogenous radiation factors on the chemical structure of stress lignins were confirmed by the results of correlation analysis of experimental data. The results on the stress lignin structure are relevant from the perspective of plant physiology. For the first time, data on the paramagnetic and antioxidant properties of stress lignins have been obtained, which might result in new ways of practical use of lignins.

The treatment with N-methylpyrrolidone of sedimentary rocks of the Ayuvinskoye deposit allowed obtaining ash-free concentrates with different yields, depending on the Corg content in the rock. The structure of the resulting concentrates was studied by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis, followed by analysis of the products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The TGA curves indicated similar structural features of the organic matter of the rocks and the concentrates obtained from them. The composition of the thermolysis products of the concentrate indicated the preferential extraction of aliphatic structures, represented by n-alkyl chains, relative to aromatic fragments, which was associated with the specific structure of the initial organic matter of solid fossil fuels.

ÂâåäåíèåÐàçâèòèå òåõíîëîãèè ïîëó÷åíèÿ îáåççîëåííîãî óãëÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âàaeíûì äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèé â îáëàñòè òîïëèâíî-ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî êîìïëåêñà [3, 9, 12].Ïîëó÷åíèå òàê íàçûâàåìûõ ãèïåðóãëåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ðàçâèòèÿ óãëåõèìèè, â îñíîâå ëåaeèò ðàñòâîðåíèå îðãàíè÷åñêîé ìàññû óãëÿ â îðãàíè÷åñêîì ðàñòâîðèòåëå è ìåõàíè÷åñêîå îòäåëåíèå ìèíåðàëüíîé ÷àñòè [8][9][10][11][12]