A sulfated galactan composed of nearly equimolar amounts of d-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose, and sulfate was isolated from the red alga Turnerella mertensiana collected in the Sea of Japan. The structures of native polysaccharide and its alkaline modification products were studied by NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide molecules were shown to contain a linear carbohydrate chain consisting of alternating 3-linked β-d-galactopyranose 4-sulfate and 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactopyranose residues (known as к-carrageenan), which is typical of carrageenans, but the regularity of polymer structure is masked by the presence of some 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactose 2-sulfate (ι-carrageenan units) and α-D-galactose 6-sulfate (µ-carrageenan units) instead of 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactose. Upon addition of potassium chloride (up to 4%) to a solution of the native polysaccharide, about half of the substance transforms into gel. The gel-forming fraction is к-ι-µ-hybrid carrageenan with the ∼65 : 15 : 20 ratio of к-, ι-, and µ-units. The non-gelling fraction contains the к-, ι-, and µ-units at the ratio of ∼46 : 12 : 42. The gel-forming carrageenan product free of µ-units can be otained in ∼30% yield (based on the dry biomass) by alkaline treatment of the alga prior to extraction of the polysaccharide.

Chemical compositions of three collections of the red alga Laurencia nipponica from the western part of the Sea of Japan were studied. One of them contained a series of the previously known sesquiterpenoids. Another one gave C-15 bromoallene ethers, predominantly. Finally, two new halogenated diterpenes, 15-bromoparguer-9(11)-ene-16-ol and 15-bromoparguer-7-ene-16-ol, were isolated from the third collection of the same species. Structures of these diterpenoids were established by 1D and 2D NMR (H-1-H-1 COSY, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) along with molecular calculations for conformations having lowest energies and mass spectroscopy. Diversity and variability of halogenated secondary metabolites in L. nipponica were discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Nineteen species of marine macrophytic algae collected in Bodega Bay, California were investigated for their fatty acid composition. Red, brown and green algae have distinguishing fatty acid profiles, which have a chemotaxonomic significance for seaweeds. This does not depend on the geographical location of the algae. Algal habitat conditions affect quantitative characteristics of the fatty acids. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae from California was found to be noticeably higher for most of the algal species examined in comparison with the same or related species from other regions.

The fatty acid composition of large phylloids, small ones and air bladders of the brown alga Sargassum pallidum are reported. Different parts of the thallus of S. pallidum differed in content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 family, especially in linoleic and dihomo-gammalinolenic acids (20:3 n-6). Small phylloids and air bladders contained much higher proportions of 20:3 n-6 (14.4 and 14.0 % of total fatty acids, respectively) as compared with large phylloids (2.1 %). The distribution of the main n-6 and n-3 polyenoic fatty acids among individual lipids of large phylloids and air bladders of this alga are reported. The triacylglycerols were rich in dihomo-gammalinolenic acid compared to other lipids.

Fifty-eight species of mushrooms from different orders of Basidiomycetes were examined by HPTLC for the presence of 1,2-diacylglycero-O-4′-(N,N,N,-trimethyl)homoserine(DGTS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). It was found that DGTS was one of the main polar lipids in all species investigated from the orders Boletales and Hygrophorales. This lipid was detected as a minor component in a few species from Aphyllophorales and the family Tricholomataceae. The presence of DGTS does not depend on the stage of the development of fruit bodies and place of collection of these mushrooms. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid in all species investigated except for Leccinum scabrum, L. variocolar and Hygrophorus hypothejus in which this lipid was virtually absent. Possible biosynthetic mechanisms resulting in absence of PC are discussed.

Polar lipid and fatty acid compositions of 26 species of marine macrophytes collected in the Yellow Sea during winter were determined. Each division of seaweeds and seagrasses have distinguishing lipid and fatty acid profiles which have a chemotaxonomic value for marine plants. Algal habitat conditions affect quantitative characteristics of the fatty acids but its influence was not the same for different species. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Chinese algae, in comparison with the same or related species from other regions, was found to be noticeably higher for most of the algal species examined. Members of the genera Rhodomela, Gracilaria, Sargassum, Ulva, Enteromorpha (except E. linza) and Zostera had the same ratios of the principal fatty acids as those for related species from other regions. The draining period during low tides affected lipid content and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae but it did not influence the polar lipid and fatty acid profiles.

As reported earlier (Gulaya, N.M., Vaskovsky, V.E., Vystosky, M.V., Volkov, G.L., Govseeva, N.N. and Artemenko, I.P. (1988) Ukr. Biochim. J. 60, 58-63), N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE) and products of their catabolism, N-acylethanolamines (NAE), are present in the lipids of neuroblastoma C1300 N18 undifferentiated cells. The present paper describes the distribution of NAE added to culture medium of differentiated cells and its effect on the fast sodium channels and some other membrane characteristics. It is shown that NAE inhibits the destroying action of veratridine on membranes.

The fatty acid compositions of Gracilaria verrucosa, G. bursa-pastoris, G. debilis and Gracilaria sp. were determined. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids predominated among the fatty acids. The arachidonic: eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in algae of the genus Gracilaria fell into three categories. The fatty acid content in G. verrucosa was not influenced significantly by environmental factors. An error in the identification of several morphologically similar Gracilaria species as G. verrucosa may be responsible for the discrepancy in the literature data about the arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid contents in this species. Possible pathways of eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis from arachidonic or from α-linolenic acids in red algae are discussed.

The fatty acid composition of 28 species of red algae was studied. Rhodophyta typically have high levels of C2o polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid was predominant in the majority of algal species examined. Eight species of the algae had approximately equal eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid content. Arachidonic acid was the main polyenoic acid in Grateloupia divaricata only. The relationship between eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid content of the red algae is discussed in relation to their systematic position and the influence of environmental conditions.

The polar lipid composition of 49 species of marine macrophytic algae was investigated. Each division of seaweeds and each class of Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta have distinctive peculiarities in the composition of their phospholipids and other polar lipids. Rhodophyta are the richest in phosphatidylcholine and contain unsaponifiable phospholipid. Brown algae of the class Phaeosporophyceae differ from those of the class Cyclosporophyceae by the presence of phosphatidylcholine and the absence of two unusual polar lipids. Only the Chlorophyta contain phosphatidylserine and diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine. The Chlorophyceae differ from the Siphonophyceae by the absence of phosphatidylcholine. Correlation between polar lipid composition and botanical taxonomy of marine algae is discussed.

Polar lipid and fatty acid compositions of 26 species of marine macrophytes collected in the Yellow Sea during winter were determined. Each division of seaweeds and seagrasses have distinguishing lipid and fatty acid profiles which have a chemotaxonomic value for marine plants. Algal habitat conditions affect quantitative characteristics of the fatty acids but its influence was not the same for different species. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Chinese algae, in comparison with the same or related species from other regions, was found to be noticeably higher for most of the algal species examined. Members of the genera Rhodomela, Gracilaria, Sargassum, Ulva, Enteromorpha (except E. linza) and Zostera had the same ratios of the principal fatty acids as those for related species from other regions. The draining period during low tides affected lipid content and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae but it did not influence the polar lipid and fatty acid profiles.

1.1. Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the “red tide” organism Noctiluca miliaris were examined.2.2. Neutral lipids consisted of sterols, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG) and sterol esters.3.3. Phospholipids accounted nearly 26% of the total lipid extract and involved phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) only. PC amounted to 85% of the phospholipids.4.4. Sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride (SQDG) and ninhydrin-positive lipid were other components of the polar lipids.5.5. The main fatty acids of N. miliaris were 22:6ω3, 20:5ω3, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 20:0.6.6. An unusual composition of the N. miliaris polar lipids is discussed.

Journal of High Resolution ChromatographyVolume 5, Issue 11 p. 635-636 Short Communication HPTLC of polar lipids of algae and other plants V. E. Vaskovsky, Corresponding Author V. E. Vaskovsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRInstitute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this authorS. V. Khotimchenko, S. V. Khotimchenko Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this author V. E. Vaskovsky, Corresponding Author V. E. Vaskovsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRInstitute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this authorS. V. Khotimchenko, S. V. Khotimchenko Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1982 https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240051113Citations: 27AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 B. G. Belenky, E. S. Gankina, and V. V. Nesterov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 172 (1967) 91. 2 V. I. Svetashev and V. E. Vaskovsky, J. Chromatogr. 67 (1972) 376. 3 V. E. Vaskovsky and T. A. Terekhova, HRC & CC 2 (1979) 671. 4 E. G. Bligh and W. J. Dyer, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37 (1959) 911. 5 R. M. C. Dawson, Biochem. J. 102 (1967) 205. 6 V. E. Vaskovsky, E. Y. Kostetsky, and I. M. Vasendin, J. Chromatogr. 114 (1975) 129. 7 V. E. Vaskovsky and N. A. Latyshev, J. Chromatogr. 115 (1975) 246. 8 C. M. Van Gent, O. J. Roseleur, and P. Van der Bijl, J. Chromatogr. 5 (1973) 174. 9 A. Radunz, Hoppe-Seiler's Z. physiol. Chem. 350 (1969) 411. 10 P. Pohl, H. Glasl, and H. Wagner, J. Chromatogr. 49 (1970) 488. 11 M. U. Khan and J. P. Williams, J. Chromatogr. 140 (1977) 179. 12 S. S. Radwan, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 16 (1978) 538. 13 J. Ohnishi and M. Yamada, Plant Cell Physiol. 21 (1980) 1595. 14 J. F. G. M. Wintermans, A. Van Besouw, and G. Bgemann, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 663 (1981) 99. 15 G. Rouser, G. Kritchevsky, and A. Yamamoto, " Lipid Chromatographic Analysis" (Ed. by G. V. Marinetti), Marcel Dekker, New York (1967) p. 99. 16 P. G. Roughan, C. R. Slack, and R. Holland, Lipids 13 (1978) 497. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue11November 1982Pages 635-636 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Journal of High Resolution ChromatographyVolume 3, Issue 9 p. 478-479 Short Communication HPTLC of polar phosphates and other substances related to phospholipids N. A. Latyshev, N. A. Latyshev Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this authorV. E. Vaskovsky, Corresponding Author V. E. Vaskovsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRInstitute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this author N. A. Latyshev, N. A. Latyshev Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this authorV. E. Vaskovsky, Corresponding Author V. E. Vaskovsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRInstitute of Marine Biology, Far East Science Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok 690022, USSRSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1980 https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240030912Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume3, Issue9September 1980Pages 478-479 RelatedInformation