The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erectile dysfunction (ED). To address the focused question, “Is there an association between OSA and ED?” indexed databases were searched up to May 2017 without time or language restrictions using various key words including: obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndromes, erectile dysfunction, sleep-disordered breathing, snoring, sexual function, and impotence. Review articles, case-reports and case-series, commentaries, letters to the editor, interviews and updates, studies assessing the efficacy of OSA treatment in the improvement of ED, or studies evaluating the efficacy of ED treatment in the improvement of OSA were excluded. Twenty-eight observational studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Overall, 19 studies had a cross-sectional design, 7 studies were case–control, and 2 were cohort studies. The odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval were calculated from 10 studies. The combined OR was 0.45, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.18–0.71, indicating that in patients without OSA, the risk of ED is significantly lower compared with patients with OSA. The available evidence shows that OSA is associated with a higher risk of ED; however, further well-designed controlled clinical trials and longitudinal prospective studies are needed in this regard.

Implant surface modification has been used to improve osseointegration. However, evidence regarding improved new bone formation (NBF) and osseointegration with the use of collagen chondroitin sulfate (CS) matrix coated implants remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of collagen-CS matrix coating on the osseointegration of implants. The focused question was "Does the incorporation of collagen-CS matrix in implant surfaces influence osseointegration?" To answer the question, indexed databases were searched up to July 2017 using various combinations of the key words "collagen", "chondroitin sulfate", "osseointegration", and "implants". The initial literature search identified 497 articles, of which 18 reporting experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirteen of the studies included (72%) reported that implants coated with a collagen-CS matrix presented higher NBF, bone-to-implant contact, and/or bone volume density. The strength of this observation was supported by meta-analysis results. Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the lack of standardization regarding the dosage formulation of collagen-CS, short-term follow-up, and lack of assessment of confounders. On experimental grounds, the incorporation of collagen-CS matrix into implant surfaces appears to promote osseointegration. From a clinical perspective, the results from animal models support phase I studies in healthy humans.

There is controversy regarding whether locally delivered alendronate enhances osseointegration. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of local alendronate delivery (topical, or as a coating on implant surfaces) in the osseointegration of implants. The focused question was, “Does the local delivery of alendronate affect osseointegration around implants?”. To address this question, indexed databases were searched, without time or language restriction, up to and including January 2017. Various combinations of the following key words were used: “alendronate”, “bisphosphonates”, “osseointegration”, and “topical administration”. letters to the editor, historic reviews, commentaries, case series, and case reports were excluded. In total, 18 experimental studies were included: alendronate-coated implants were used in 13 of these studies and local delivery in five studies. The results of 11 of the studies showed that alendronate coating increased new bone formation, the bone volume fraction, or bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and biomechanical properties. Results from two studies in which alendronate was administered topically indicated impaired BIC and/or biomechanical fixation around implants. On experimental grounds, local alendronate delivery seems to promote osseointegration. From a clinical perspective, the results in animal models support phase 1 studies in healthy humans (without co-morbidities other than edentulism).

The aim of the present cross-sectional retrospective 2-year follow-up clinical study was to assess the influence of implant location on clinical and radiographic parameters around dental implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-seven patients with T2DM and 25 non-diabetic controls were included. Implants were classified into three zones according to their location: (1) anterior zone: implant/s replacing anterior teeth, (2) middle zone: implant/s replacing premolars, and (3) posterior zone: implant/s replacing molars. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age of patients with T2DM was 42.5 years and that of non-diabetic controls was 40.6 years. The mean fasting blood glucose levels of patients with and without T2DM were 74.5mg/dl (66-80mg/dl) and 82.5mg/dl (79-88.1mg/dl), respectively. The mean duration of T2DM was 4.3 years. There was no significant difference in BOP, PD, or CBL around implants placed in any of the zones in the jaws of patients with and without T2DM. There is no influence of implant location on clinical and radiographic parameters around dental implants placed in patients with and without T2DM.

The purpose of the present study was to review systematically the association between periodontal diseases (PDs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To address the focused question, ‘Is there a relationship between PD and PCOS?’ indexed databases were searched up to October 2016 without time or language restrictions using different combinations of the following key words: PCOS, ovarian cysts, PD, periodontitis, gingival diseases and gingivitis. Letters to the Editor, commentaries, historic reviews, case-report, unpublished articles and animal/experimental studies were excluded. Seven case–control studies were included. The number of study participants ranged between 52 and 196 females aged between 15 and 45 years. In three and three studies, proinflammatory cytokines were assessed in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples, respectively. In one study, salivary microbes were investigated. All studies reported that a positive association exists between PD and PCOS. In conclusion, there is a positive association between PD and PCOS; however, further well-designed longitudinal controlled clinical trials are needed in this regard. It is recommended that physicians should refer patients with PCOS to oral health-care providers for comprehensive oral evaluation and treatment.