Movement disorders and motor deficiency is highly represented among patients in Schizophrenia – residual type (DSM IV): 37% of patients examined in our research had psycho‑motor disturbances. Dominant disturbances are the following: disturbed tonus among 65% of patients, abnormal postural reactions among 90%, abnormal voluntary movements among 75%, disturbed speech among 85%, disturbed static and dynamic postures among 90%. Involuntary movements are present among 20% of patients.Classic neurological diagnostics offers general assessment of the motor status. Standardized clinical motor scales only register the presence and intensity of the motor disturbance. Rehabilitation treatment requires individual and up to date functional diagnostics of the motor deficiency.We would like to stress that psychiatric patients in psychotic, (prepsychotic) and postpsychotic states, besides being mentally ill, also suffer from serious movement disorders (psychomotor disturbances and deficits) which put them into the category of disabled persons, who besides requiring psychiatric (neuropsychiatric) treatment, also require systematic psychomotor and speech rehabilitation.

Aim: The aims of the study were: 1. revealing the new indicator(s) in internal organization of sleep in psychotic states; 2. constitution of new neurophysiologic and statistical models of sleep perturbation in psychotic states and/or altered states of consciousness based on experimental data. 3. Introduction of new sleep marker as biological marker for distinction of sleep organization by different psychotic states. 4. Established new hypothesis and theories in functions of sleep and dreams.Methods: The clinical neurophysiologic test (Polysomnography - PSG) were performed on 90 drug-free patients - 60 with depression (30 patients with reactive depression F32.0, F32.1, and 30 patients with depression with psychotic future F32.3); and 30 patients with Acute schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like states F23.1, F23.2 (all according to the DSM-IV criteria). Polysomnography was used for two nights, sleep staging (according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen & Kales, 1968) and statistical analysis of 130 sleep parameters with logistic regression (discriminative analysis “step by step”). All patients were drug-free in 3 days (1st adaptation night and 2 nights sleep investigation). The bigger part of investigation was performed in “Zentrum fuer Chronomedizin“in Wuerzburg (Germany) and one part at Psychiatric Clinic in Belgrade (Serbia).Results: 1. The results of our investigations demonstrate that the ratio between REM and NREM time in the first period of sleep (index of endogenous perturbation of sleep or IEP-P1=REM-1/NREM-1) is statistically the most significant chronobiological marker of internal sleep organization (through maturation and in different pathological states); 2. IEP-P1 is a highly reliable indicator of the development of endogenic perturbation of sleep in depression, mania, schizophrenic and other psychotic states, and in organic brain syndromes.Conclusion: IEP-P1 could be a new biological marker to distinction of sleep organization in different psychotic states and other states of altered consciousness. The developed statistical models could be the basis for new hypothesis and theories about functions of sleep and dreams.

Background: Sleep disorders are frequent symptoms described in psychiatric patients with major depression and schizophrenia. These patients also exhibit changes in sleep architecture measured by polysomnography (PSG) during sleep. The aim of the present study was to identify potential biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis based on PSG measurements.Subjects and methods: Thirty (30) patients with schizophrenia, 30 patients with major depression and 30 healthy control subjects were investigated in the present study. All subjects underwent PSG measurements for a minimum time of 8 hours according to the criteria of Rechtscahffen & Kales (1968). We tested the potential of multiple sleep variables to predict diagnosis in different groups by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA).Results: There were significant differences in PSG variables between healthy control subjects and psychiatric patients (total sleep time, sleep latency, number of awakenings, time of awakening after sleep onset, REM 1 latency, REM 1 and index of endogenous periodicity). Importantly, LDA was able to predict the correct diagnosis in 88% of all cases.Conclusions: The presented analysis showed commonalities and differences in PSG changes in patients with major depressive disorder and in patients with schizophrenia. Our results underline the potential of PSG measurements to facilitate diagnostic processes.

Movement disorders and psychomotor deficiency is highly represented among patients in Schizophrenia – residual type.Our therapeutic work and the results we are herewith presenting, reveal that the psychomotor deficiency by Schizophrenia residual conditions represent new and significant indication fields for specific rehabilitation treatment in psychiatry.Evaluation of efficacy after 6 weeks specific rehabilitation treatment with the Vilan method showed: very satisfactory results in correction of involuntary movements of the torso,  bradykinesia of the hands, praxia and the simple simultaneous movements; satisfactory correction of involuntary movements of the extremities, walking and the facial gestures. No correction was in: involuntary movement of mouth and face, tremor, ideation, ideo‑motor series and in complex simultaneous movement.

The aim to improve the quality of life besides preventing the disease is becoming increasingly important in health improvement. Although the objective dimension of health is extremely important in determination of patient status, subjective evaluations and expectations are also important in patient's perception of quality of life. Quality of life related to health (HRQOL) refers to the personal and subjective values that must be incorporated in measures of quality of life in medical decision making and planning of overall health. This is especially important while determining the needs of elderly, chronically ill, patients in the terminal stage and persons with disturbed functional ability. Quality of life is measured directly using a specifically designed questionnaire, which quantify the effects of disease on daily life of patients and their health status, in formal and standardized manner One of the most widely used instrument for measuring quality of life is questionnaire Survey SF-36, which is designed to enable the measurement of quality of life in chronic disease and the effect of certain treatments on general health status. This instrument was tested in different populations and its application requires a relatively short time. In addition to testing the quality of life of patients, today a large number of studies highlight the quality of life of people that provide care and protection to the patients. They demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between the quality of life of patients and the quality of life of their caregivers.