The cellular manufacturing (CM) is a well known manufacturing technology that helps to improve manufacturing flexibility and productivity by maximum utilisation of available resources. Cellular manufacturing (CM) has been derived as a strong tool for increasing production in batches and job shop production. In cellular manufacturing, similar machines are grouped in machine cells and same processing parts are gathered in part families. In this paper factors of CMS are identified through AHP technique. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons and depends on the decision of experts to find out priority scales. The derived priority scales are synthesised by multiplying them by the priority of their parent nodes and adding for all such nodes. In this paper, a decision-making model is being proposed for CMS evaluation and selection. This strategic decision-making model is based on both hypothetical and factual criteria and uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach.

In plants, the enzyme CCD8 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8) is involved in the synthesis of an important hormone, strigolactone, and therefore, plays an important role in controlling growth and development. Using cDNA and protein sequence derived from the gene ZmCCD8 from maize, we identified putative orthologs of the gene encoding CCD8 in six other monocots and eight dicots; the sequence similarity ranged from 52-75.9% at the gene level and 60.9-93.7% at the protein level. The average length of the gene was ~3.3 kb (range: 2.08 to 3.98 kb), although the number of introns within the genes differed (4 or 5 in dicots and 3 or 4 in monocots, except in T. urartu with 6 introns). Several cis-acting regulatory elements were identified in the promoters of CCD8 genes, which are known to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. The N-terminal end (up to ~70 amino acids) of CCD8 proteins was highly variable due to insertions, deletions and mismatches. The variation in genes and proteins were particularly conspicuous in T. urartu and Ae. tauschii among the monocots and A. thaliana and P. persica among the dicots. In CCD8 proteins, 12 motifs were also identified, of which 6 were novel; 4 of these novel motifs occurred in all the 15 species. The 3D structures of proteins had the characteristic features of the related enzyme apocarotenoid oxygenase (ACO) of Synechocystis (a representative of cyanobacteria). The results of qRT-PCR in wheat revealed that under phosphorous (P)-starved condition (relative to expression under optimum P used as control), the expression of TaCCD8 genes increased ~37 fold in root tissue of the cultivar C306 and ~33 fold in shoot tissue of the cultivar HUW468 (the two cultivars differed in their P-use efficiency). This suggested that expression of TaCCD8 genes is genotype-dependent and tissue-specific and is regulated under different levels of P supply.

The cellular manufacturing is a well known manufacturing technology that helps to improve manufacturing flexibility and productivity by maximum utilisation of available resources. Cellular manufacturing has been derived as a strong tool for increasing production in batches and job shop production. In cellular manufacturing, similar machines are grouped in machine cells and same processing parts are gathered in part families. Cellular manufacturing systems are those systems which are capable to meet the requirements of modern industries. There are certain enablers which help into the implementation process but also influence each other. The main objective of this paper is to identify and analyse these enablers. In the present work, these enablers have been identified through the questionnaire based literature survey and total interpretive structural modelling approach has been utilised in analysing their mutual interaction.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Family Flaviviridae. The virus spreads through mosquitoes, like Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. The virus was isolated in 1947 and the virus is derived from the Ziika Forest of Uganda. The virus is antigenically related to the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Zika virus causes Zika fever which causes only mild symptoms as similar to the dengue fever.

The microscopic studies of 6 spleens showed that the capsule was composed of smooth muscle, collagenous and elastic fibers. Trabeculae were emerged from the capsule and entered into parenchyma and subdivided it into smaller compartments by forming a net like framework. Splenic parenchyma was composed of white and red pulps. White pulp was lymphoreticular tissue consisted of lymphatic nodule and peri- arterial lymphatic sheath. Peri-arterial lymphatic sheath and Splenic nodules were abundant in pig spleen. Ellipsoids (pericapillary macrophage sheath) were especially large and abundant in the marginal zone, the region between the red and white pulp. Red pulp was consisted of pulp arterioles, sheathed capillaries, terminal capillaries, splenic sinusoids and splenic cords. The splenic sinusoids were less abundant and poorly developed.

The study involved the measurements of some clinically important landmarks for regional anesthesia in the mandibular and maxillary regions of blue bull. The mandibular parameters discussed with regard to their application in proper tracking of the infra-orbital, mental and mandibular nerves to aid in regional anesthetic procedures during treatment and manipulations of various clinical affections of this region. This study was designed to provide information on clinically important parameters and landmarks of the head region. This information may aid for performing regional anesthesia conducted in maxilla and the mandible of the Blue bull.

This article presents the experimental data for the machining of Nimonic-90 on wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). It is a nickel based alloy which possessing creep resistance and high rupture strength at high temperature (up to \(950~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)). Four input process parameters, viz., peak current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and servo voltage (SV) were investigated and modelled for three response variables namely cutting speed (CS), surface roughness (SR) and radial overcut (RoC) utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In present experimentation, quadratic model is suggested for all three responses. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that Ip, Ton, Toff and SV are significant process parameters influencing the CS and SR while Ip, Ton and SV were highly significant parameters influencing the RoC. Desirability function was employed to optimize the multi-performance characteristics. Using SEM micrographs and micro-hardness profile, effect of discharge energy (DE) on surface morphology was examined. Topography of machined surface; corresponds to different levels of DE; suggests that high discharge energy results in overlapped and deep craters of large size diameters and high thickness of recast layer whereas low discharge energy results into fine surface with minimum recast layer.

The present research work is focused on optimisation of WEDM process parameters for machining of Nimonic-90. It is a nickel-based alloy possessing creep resistance and high rupture strength at high temperature (up to 950°C). Genetic algorithm (GA) and response surface methodology (RSM) incorporated with each other to optimise the process parameters. Four input process parameters viz. discharge current (Ip), pulse-off time (Toff), pulse-on time (Ton), and servo voltage (SV) have been investigated and modelled for surface roughness (SR) utilising RSM. In present experimentation, quadratic model has been suggested for surface roughness. Pulse-on time is most significant effect on surface roughness as compared to other parameters. Finally, genetic algorithm, a popular evolutionary approach is used to optimise the process parameters. Using SEM micrographs and micro-hardness profile, effect of discharge energy on surface morphology has been examined.

- The term encryption refers to converting the original data into human unreadable form (encoding). The conversion of the encoded data into original form is known as decryption. By encrypting the data only the authorized person can decode the original data. Thus data confidentiality is achieved by the encryption. In this paper, we reviewed the algorithms proposed for the homomorphic encryption of data in cloud computing.

The turbinates (Ossa turbinata) are delicate, scroll-like bones, two on either side, which are attached to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Each is composed of a very thin lamina, cribriform in many places, and covered on both sides with mucous membrane in the fresh state. They are arranged in two pairs, superior and inferior. The superior or Nasoturbinal (Concha dorsalis) is somewhat cylindrical in form, small at its anterior part, and flattened transversely. It is attached to the turbinal crest of the nasal bone and the nasal plate of the frontal bone. The inferior or maxilloturbinal bone (Concha ventralis) is shorter and smaller posteriorly than the upper one. It is attached to the inferior turbinal crest.

The cellular manufacturing (CM) has been proved as a well-known manufacturing strategy that helps to improve manufacturing efficiency and productivity by utilising the philosophy of group technology. Cellular manufacturing (CM) has emerged as a strong approach for improving operations in batch and job shop environments. In cellular manufacturing, group technology is used to form part families based on similar processing requirements. Cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) are those systems which are capable to meet the requirements of modern manufacturing industries. But adoption and implementation of CMSs is not an easy task. There are certain barriers which not only influence the implementation process but also influence each other. The main objective of this paper is to identify and analyse these barriers. In the present work, these barriers have been identified through the literature, their ranking is done by a questionnaire-based survey and interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach has been utilised in analysing their mutual interaction.

India is endeavouring ambitiously to become a global hub for manufacturing. Global customers want persistent deliveries with mix model, defect free products and at lowest cost. Therefore, Indian manufacturing companies are making efforts to adopt lean manufacturing practices to satisfy their customers. Companies acknowledge lean manufacturing as a well-recognised approach to improve their competitiveness by reducing waste from the system but, in Indian context, it is still limited due to many impediments. Hence, the barriers must be examined and removed to ensure smooth implementation of lean manufacturing to gain its full benefit. In this paper, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach is applied to examine the relationship among the various barriers affecting implementing of lean manufacturing in Indian industry. Structural model for barriers is developed based on their driving powers and dependence powers. The outcome of the model portrays a systematic approach for removal of barriers affecting lean implementation through analysis of driving power and dependence power. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ranks and inter-relationships of lean manufacturing barriers. This may help in formulating the strategy to reduce the adverse impact of these barriers in Lean Manufacturing implementation.

Goat farming is the great economic importance as a major source of income for small and the landless farmers in rural areas. A study on prevalence of helminths of goat in relation to age, sex, seasonal, tehsil and month-wise was studied at Udaipur district, Rajasthan from May 2016 to January 2017 by faecal examination. Out of a 390 faecal samples examined in which 296 (75.89%) in goat were positive for one or more species of helminth parasites. In goat Strongyles sp. were most prevalent (31.08%), followed by Amphistome sp. (23.31%), Trichuris sp.(15.20%), Fasciola sp. (7.77%), Moniezia sp. (2.70%) and Strongyloides sp.(0.67%). Mixed infection was (19.25%) in goat. In goat, seasonal analysis revealed highest prevalence in rainy season followed by winter and lowest in summer. Tehsil-wise prevalence showed highest prevalence in Mavli tehsil in goat. Sex-wise observations showed females were more infected with helminth infection than the males in goat respectively. The age-wise prevalence of helminths infection reported highest prevalence in age group more than 2 years followed by 1-2 year group and group 6 month to 1 year in goat. Month wise helminth infection showed higher prevalence in October Month in sheep

The study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbial and organoleptic qualities of cooked rohu fillets treated with, 1%, 1.5% and 2% levels of aqueous solution of crude extract of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves. The fillets were treated with 1.5% crude extract of drumstick leaves significantly (P

This paper presents a brief note on importance of cellular manufacturing system that overcomes the previously and presently (in developing and underdeveloped nations) used traditional manufacturing for meeting customers demand which has got a new direction since the industrial revolution has emerged. The nature of customer’s demands has changed; it is very dynamic in nature. Ever changing demands of customers has become a major problem for traditional manufacturing organizations. Unlike before, the manufacturing needs to be flexible so that it can respond quickly and profitably to demands of customers. Various companies following traditional manufacturing system failed to satisfy the global and dynamic market. This forced the researches to come up with new technique which is flexible and capable of responding pro-actively to demands of customers, this technique is called cellular manufacturing.

In the present work, an experimental investigation on wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of Monel-400 has been presented. Monel-400 is a nickel–copper-based alloy, mostly employed in ships and corrosion-resisting applications. Four input WEDM parameters namely discharge current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff) and servo voltage (SV) have been investigated and modeled for two performance characteristics namely machining rate (MR) and surface roughness (SR). Effect of WEDM parameters has been discussed using response surface graphs. Using analysis of variance, quadratic model is found significant for MR while two factors interaction (2FI) model has been suggested for SR. To optimize multi-performance characteristics, desirability function has been employed. Corresponding to highest desirability, the optimal combination of discharge parameters is Ip: 103 A; Ton: 113 μs; Toff: 37 μs and SV: 50 V. The effect of discharge energy on surface morphology has also been examined. High discharge energy increases the extent of surface damage and results in large size and overlapped craters on machined surface. Low discharge energy and high value of Toff result in minimum defects on machined surface. Trim cutting operations were performed at low discharge energy using different wire offset values. Result shows that surface finish can be improved significantly after a single trim cut irrespective of high discharge energy in rough cut.

In present work, an experimental study of rough and trim cutting operation in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has been presented on four hard to machine materials namely WC-Co composite, HCHCr steel alloy, Nimonic-90 and Monel-400. Machining speed and surface characteristics were the major performance characteristics in WEDM process. Investigation shows that in rough cutting operation, machining speed and surface roughness increases with increasing discharge energy across the electrodes. Different values of machining speed and surface roughness were obtained for four work materials under the similar conditions of discharge energy.Due to the different values of thermal conductivity, melting and boiling temperatures, depth and size of surface craters on machined surface vary for each work material. Trim cutting operation at similar discharge parameters but with different wire offset were performed for four work materials. Micro-hardness profiles underneath the machined surface after rough and trim cutting operation were observed.Result shows that using single trim cutting operation with appropriate wire offset, surface characteristics can be improved irrespective of the rough cutting operation.