The FORCE11 attribution working group held a workshop during the 2021 FORCE conference to explore some ethical aspects of using Contributor Roles (CRs). This workshop provided an overview of various CRs and their practical values in terms of providing a better recognition of the wide range of scholarly contributions.

Assigning authorship and recognizing contributions to scholarly works is challenging on many levels. Here we discuss ethical, social, and technical challenges to the concept of authorship that may impede the recognition of contributions to a scholarly work. Recent work in the field of authorship shows that shifting to a more inclusive contributorship approach may address these challenges. Recent efforts to enable better recognition of contributions to scholarship include the development of the Contributor Role Ontology (CRO), which extends the CRediT taxonomy and can be used in information systems for structuring contributions. We also introduce the Contributor Attribution Model (CAM), which provides a simple data model that relates the contributor to research objects via the role that they played, as well as the provenance of the information. Finally, requirements for the adoption of a contributorship-based approach are discussed.

The Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) conducted a multi-institution Pilot project to contribute metadata to the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) database. In addition to describing the goals, structure, and activities undertaken in the Pilot, this article examines some of the experiences of PCC metadata practitioners as they sought to incorporate ISNIs into their metadata workflows and pursue a wide range of ISNI use cases. Lastly, the article outlines next steps that flowed from the Pilot as the PCC has parlayed its newly developing identity management expertise into additional PCC program explorations.

In this paper we discuss a proposal for creating an information sharing pipeline/real-time information channel, where all stakeholders would be able to engage in exchange/verification of information about entities in real time. The entities in question include personal and organizational names as well as subject headings from different controlled vocabularies. The proposed solution is a shared information pipeline where all stakeholders/agents would be able to share and exchange data about entities in real time. Three W3C recommended protocols are considered as potential solutions: the Linked Data Notifications protocol, the ActivityPub protocol, and the WebSub protocol. We compare and explore the three protocols for the purpose of identifying the best way to create an information sharing pipeline that would provide access to most up to date information to all stakeholders.

The paper discusses the efforts of the PCC Task Group on Identity Management in NACO to explore and advance identity management activities. The Task Group's work serves as a recent example of how the Program for Cooperative Cataloging has engaged the metadata community to incubate practical solutions to the perennial capacity issues that libraries face in creating and maintaining authority and bibliographic data. The Task Group's multi-pronged charge compelled several outputs including research, collaboration, education, and publication. This paper outlines the Task Group's labors within the context of the decades of innovations carried out under the banner of the PCC.

vee-voh] is member-supported, enterprise open source software and an ontology for representing scholarship.VIVO supports recording, editing, searching, browsing and visualizing scholarly activity.VIVO encourages research discovery, expert finding, network analysis and assessment of research impact.VIVO is easily extended to support additional domains of scholarly activity (Börner, Conlon, Corson-Rikert, & Ying Ding, 2012).VIVO uses an ontology to represent people, papers, grants, projects, datasets, resources, and other elements of research and scholarship as linked open data.The ontology can be used to create RDF that can be loaded into VIVO.VIVO RDF data is easily exported for use in other applications.VIVO includes Vitro (Project, 2019), a domain-free engine for managing linked open data, the JFact reasoner ("JFact DL Reasoner," 2018), SolR ("Apache Solr -," 2019) for search, SPARQL query ("SPARQL Query Language for RDF," 2008), Jena as a triple store ("Apache Jena -," 2011), supporting both TDB ("Apache Jena -Apache Jena -TDB," 2019) and SDB ("Apache Jena -SDB -persistent triple stores using relational databases," 2019) on MySQL ("MySQL," 2019), uses D3 (Bostock, 2015) for visualizations, and provides multiple APIs, including Triple Pattern Fragments (Verborgh et al., 2016) for rapid remote access to specified data.Using VIVO, organizations can represent the activities and accomplishments of their scholars as linked open data, and share that data with others.

The DigitalHub scholarly repository was developed and launched at the Galter Health Sciences Library for the Feinberg School of Medicine and the greater Northwestern Medicine community. The repository was designed to allow scholars the ability to create, share, and preserve a range of citable digital outputs. This article traces the evolution of DigitalHub’s development and engagement activities, highlighting project challenges, innovations, success stories, and the team-based approach that was employed to successfully achieve project goals.

OpenVIVO is a free and open hosted semantic web platform open to anyone that gathers and shares open data about scholarship around the world. OpenVIVO, based on the VIVO open source platform, provides transparent access to data about the scholarly work of its participants. OpenVIVO demonstrates the use of persistent identifiers, automatic real-time ingest of scholarly ecosystem metadata, use of VIVO-ISF and related ontologies, attribution of work, and publication and reuse of data – all critical components of presenting, preserving, and tracking scholarship. The system was created by a cross-institutional team over the course of three months. The team created and used RDF models for research organizations in the world based on Digital Science GRID data, for academic journals based on data from CrossRef and the US National Library of Medicine, and created a new model for attribution of scholarly work. All models, data, and software are available in open repositories.

In this project we have outlined a list of contributor roles identified by the Force 11 Attribution Working Group. Contributor roles from existing taxonomies were leveraged (CRediT) and further enhanced with more finely-resolved contributor roles based on an in-depth investigation of activities and outputs. We have also collated and reviewed existing efforts on scholarly contribution taxonomies to determine their unique aspects, and how they complement each other. We reviewed the landscape of taxonomies and systems in order to compare and contrast key types of contributions. We also considered the objectives needed to create a contributorship model that is robust enough to cover various fields of research, and specific enough to adequately describe contribution in a meaningful way.We found there to be a diverse landscape of projects and groups working in this area, though each with its own perspective. A brief outline of the coverage, goals and relevant factors of these projects or groups is provided. Several projects were identified as being relevant to this inquiry, including Contributor Roles Taxonomy Project (CRediT), VIVO-ISF ontology, Provenance (PROV), the Becker Model and other impact frameworks, Transitive Credit, Academic Careers Understood through Measurement and Norms (ACUMEN Project), and the Scholarly Contributions and Roles Ontology (SCoRO). Additionally, several working groups were identified: Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), National Information Standards Organization (NISO), and the Force 11 Attribution Working Group.Through the in-depth study of different contribution roles in the scholarly process, we were able to better understand how these contributions might be structured – in terms of a particular output (manuscript, dataset, etc.) and also contributions to the project as a whole. Moreover, we developed a 2-level hierarchy to enable more complete representation of these roles through major classes such as author, communication, data, IP, project and team management, regulatory administration, software development, and so on.While there are projects and ongoing efforts to better understand the diverse roles that professionals take on when contributing to the scholarly ecosystem, it is clear that more work is needed to fully explore the area of contributorship roles. Several leaders in this area have proposed projects to define an informatics infrastructure that enables the collection and dissemination on contributor attribution data to various stakeholder audiences. Projects of that nature bring excitement and expectation, as we wait to see where they will take us and how greatly they will impact the scholarly ecosystem. Perhaps most important is the need to accomplish this work in an open, collaborative manner, leveraging data standards along the way to enable interoperability and integration with existing architectures.

The ALCTS Metadata Interest Group (MIG) held its second biannual meeting of the year at the 2016 ALA Annual Conference in Orlando, Florida. The session began with two presentations and was followed...