An algorithm that determines the winner in a cyclic game in polynomial time is proposed. The two-person game occurs continuously on the edges of a directed graph until a vertex visited earlier is reached. If the weight of the resulting cycle is nonnegative, then the maximizing player wins; if this cycle has a negative weight, then the minimizing player wins. A polynomial estimate of the expected algorithm execution time is obtained under the condition that the weights of the game’s graph edges are distributed uniformly. A brief justification of the time estimate of the algorithm is given. Such games have applications in the validating the correctness of parallel-distributed computer systems, including problems of making up a feasible schedule with logical precedence conditions and preprocessing possibilities.

This paper is devoted to solving certain problems on the computational complexity of deciding the winner in cyclic games. The main result is the proof of the fact that the nondeterministic potential transformation algorithm designed for solving parity games is exponential in terms of computation time.

The results of rheological features experimental studies of high carbon steel alloy which is used for production of the new high-strength stabilized reinforcement for up-todate ferroconcrete crossties are presented. State equations for steel grades C85CrV and 85ФЮ are generated, which are required for planning of the deformation drawing and reinforcement shaping modes, providing achievement the required complex of production working characteristics.

The problem of constructing a time-optimal schedule for jobs execution with precedence logical conditions is considered. Every job is associated with a list of its direct predecessors, execution time and the number of the completed direct predecessors necessary to start execution of the job. It is shown that the problem can be solved by the methods of the cyclical games theory [1, 2]. We propose a pseudopolynomial algorithm for construction of the optimal schedule; i.e. the presented algorithm is efficient for the problems with small data arrays. The paper extends the results from [3], where AND/OR schedules are considered. A job can be started, when all its direct predecessor have been executed or when at least one of its direct predecessors has been completed.

In this paper, a polynomial algorithm of solving games with prohibitions with a uniform functional over a loop for strongly ergodic game networks. We give the criterion of strong ergodicity of a simple network and show that the definition of strong ergodicity is a co-NP-complete problem. The games with prohibitions are interpreted in the context of problems of scheduling theory with logical conditions of preceding.

In the article first we introduce main results of computer light collection simulation in "strip - WLS fiber" system. It was shown that Bulk Attenuation Length (BAL) significantly influence light yield in the range of 20...150 cm. Having studied existing methods of scintillating strip production - extrusion method and bulk polymerization - the concept of new technology was formulated. The new method flowchart and description of basic stages of production are introduced. Using pilot set more than 3000 scintillating strips with co-extruded cover were obtained and tested. The measuring of strip functional characteristics (BAL and light yield) are presented. For best strip samples there were achieved high transparency (BAL = 150 cM) and cover reflectivity (R = 95...96 %). Light yield of the new scintillating strips is up to 9 photoelectrons, that is 40...50 % more than for best world analogues.

An influence of radiation and natural aging on scintillating characteristics of polystyrene scintillators (PS) produced by different technologies is studied. Influence of molecular-mass distribution on PS radiation hardness is also studied. It is shown that with increasing of polydispersion a radiation hardness decreases, which is connected with a change in a free volume of polymer and ultimately with amount of dissolved oxygen. By results of accelerated tests on radiation and thermal aging, assessed operation times are presented for PS of different types. Recommendations are proposed regarding PS selection for different operation conditions. PACS: 29.40.Mc

A new radiation hard plastic scintillator (PS) UPS98RH based on polystyrene with addition of plastisizer playing role of diffuse enhancer of oxygen and radiolysis products in the polystyrene matrix. A series of experiments were conducted on irradiation of different types of PS under different doses and dose rates. A strong dependence have been observed of radiation damages level on dose rate. Irradiation was made by gamma radiation up to 10 Mrad doses under 0.02 and 2 Mrad/hour dose rates. It is shown that the new radiation hard scintillator UPS98RH, developed in Institute for scintillating materials have the most radiation hardness compared to known PS - SCSN-81T (Kuraray, Japan), BC-408 (Bicron, USA), UPS923A (Amcrys-H, Ukraine) and insensible to dose rate effects. This attribute allowed scintillator UPS98RH using in critical zones of the CMS detector.

Accelerated thermal aging tests of materials-UPS-923A, UPS-96G, UPS-96GM and their analogues, SCSN-81 (Kuraray) and BC-408 (Bicron)-were made. A forecast of tile lifetime was made for normal conditions of usage (20% reduction of light output and 50% reduction of the bulk attenuation length (BAL) and technical attenuation length (TAL). Scintillator UPS-96GM has the most long-term stability of parameters-more than I I yr. BC-408 samples have the minimum lifetime similar to7 yr. The long-term stability, calculated by light yield reduction, of UPS-96G, UPS-923A and SCSN-81 is 10, 9 and 8 yr, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technology for the mass production of high-quality PbWO4 (PWO) scintillating crystals is described. Scintillators produced from PWO crystals are intented for the ALICE CERN heavy ion experiment. Light yield, emission and decay time spectra as well as optical transmission of about 3600 crystals (dimensions 22 x 22 x 180 mm(3)) were measured. Beam-test results of the ALICE PHOS prototype obtained with such PWO crystals are presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The existence of optimal stationary strategies for a cyclic game played on the vertices of a bipartite graph up to the first cycle with the payoff of one player to the other equaling the sum of the maximal and minimal local payoffs on this cycle is proved. This result implies that the problem belongs to the class NP ∩ co-NP; -a polynomial algorithm that yields optimal strategies for ergodic extensions of matrix games is given.

A topological analysis of the electron density distribution rho(r) in the crystal of 8,9,10,12-tetrafluoro-o-carborane C2B10H8F4 was performed using high-resolution low-temperature (120 K) X-ray diffraction data (14 606 reflections, R = 0.026) and a multipole model for data refinement. Molecules in the crystal (space group Pbcn, Z = 4) occupy special positions on a 2-fold symmetry axis passing through the middle of a C-C bond and the opposite B-B bond of the octahedral cage. Deformation electron density maps as well as maps of the Laplacian of rho(r) showed that electron density is essentially delocalized over the surface of the cage and locally depleted in its center. All B-B and B-C bonds in the polyhedron are characterized by significant bending, which is evident in shifts of their (3,-1) bond critical points from the straight lines between bended atoms. Detailed analysis of rho(r) values and its Laplacian in the bond critical points revealed some unexpected features in the bonding pattern of the structure studied, namely, the positive value of the Laplacian in the homopolar C-C bond and the negative values for the B-C bonds. These data are compared with corresponding ab initio calculations of small deltahedral boranes and carboranes. It is concluded that the electron-withdrawing effect of the fluorine atoms causes considerable redistribution of the electron density in the molecule, and, in particular, this is reflected in the shift of rho(r) from the more electron-rich C-C bonds to the B-C bonds.

Hydridorhodacarboranes 3,3-(Ph2RP)2-3-H-3,1,2-RhC2B9H11−n F n (R=Ph, Me;n=1, 2, 4) containing F atoms at the B atoms of the π-carborane ligand were synthesized from (Ph3P)3RhCl or (Ph2MeP)3RhCl andnido-7,8-C2B9H12−n F n − (n=1, 2, 4) salts. Hydridorhodacarboranes 3,3-(Ph2MeP)2-3-H-3,1,2-RhC2B9H11−n F n readily exchange the H atom at the Rh atom for the Cl atom under the action of CH2Cl2 to give 3,3-(Ph2MeP)2-3-Cl-3,1,2-RhC2B9H11−n F n . The structures of the 3,3-(Ph3P)2-3-H-3,1,2-RhC2B9H7F4 and 3,3-(Ph2MeP)2-3-Cl-3,1,2-RhC2B9H9F2 complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Catalytic properties of the rhodacarbonanes obtained in hydrosilylation of styrene and phenylacetylene by PhMe2SiH were studied.

B-Flourosubstituted cyclopentadienyldicarbollylcobalt and -iron were synthesized. Electrochemical studies of iron η5-C5H5-3,1,2-FeC2B9H11−nF n (n = 2–4) complexes were carried out.19F NMR, UV, and IR spectra of the cobalt and iron complexes were obtained.

The destruction ofB-polyfluorosubstitutedo-carboranes by the action of ethanolic alkali and amines was studied. The destraction of trifluoro-o-carborane was found to occur regioselectively. The nature of the amine was shown to affect the stereochemistry of the destruction of trifluoro-o-carborane. The intermediate of the reaction of tetrafiuoro-o-carborane with diethylamine was detected.

Ultrafine metal particles (UFMP) (iron and cobalt) have been obtained in solid-state redox reactions of cyclopentadienyl-π-(3)-1,2-dicarbollyliron or cyclopentadienyl-π-(3)-1,2-dicarbollylcobalt with elemental sulfur ((C5H5)Fe3+(C2B9H11)-S, (C5H5)Co5+C2B9H11-S). These reactions are realized by the action of elastic wave (EW) pulses on powder compositions of these substances. Study of the UFMP obtained by the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) method has shown that the sizes ofn · Co0 UFP lie in the range from 1 to 13 nm. UFP of cobalt and iron are also formed under the action of EW on samples containing (C5H5)Fe3+(C2B9H11)-S or (C5H5)Co3+(C2B9H11)-S within the film of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro-4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene-1-sulfonyl fluoride copolymer (CP). It is shown by the FMR method that FMR lines broaden on going from powder systems to systems containing CP films. It is supposed thatn · Co0 and n · Fe0 particles interact with polymeric matrices in the course of formation and stabilization of UFMP in the matrices.