lymphocytes (1_+0.5 vs 29+_17 xl03/ml) in BAL fluids compared to sensitized and challenged untreated animals.Associated with this decrease in eosinophilic A1 were reduced levels of Th2-cytokines, especially IL-5, in BAL fluids, whereas Ig serum levels were not altered by treatment with Resiquimod.These data indicate that Resiquimod effectively inhibits allergen-induced AI through counterbalancing increased Th2-cytokine production.Resiquimod thus may serve as a novel therapy of allergen-induced AI in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

A multicentre, prospective cohort study of childhood asthma was established in three European countries; the purpose of the project is the examination of factors which modify the relationship between allergen exposure in infant life and subsequent atopy and asthma. Dust samples were collected from the homes of 643 infants in a single town in the UK (the first cohort) and assayed for house dust mites (Der p 1) and cat allergen (Fel d 1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A questionnaire with potential relevance to the development of atopy and asthma was completed. A wide variation in exposure to both allergens was observed. Carpeted, double-glazed or damp living rooms, and those sampled in the winter months, had higher levels of Der p 1, but these features did not predict Fel d 1 concentrations. Measures of high home occupancy were positively related to Der p 1 concentrations; and inversely with levels of Fel d 1, a finding which could not be explained by cat ownership. Homes in which one or more persons smoked had significantly lower concentrations of Der p 1, but not Fel d 1. There were no consistent differences in allergen levels between homes where one or more parent or sibling was either atopic or asthmatic. These findings indicate complex interactions among domestic, behavioural and seasonal factors and early allergen exposure in British children.