1. The effect of temperature and carbon to hematite ratio on the formation of cementite during the couple of STMA and partial melting processes. A. Soleymani, M. Panjepour, M. Meratian. Read more 2. Insight into the consolidation mechanism of oxidized pellets made from the mixture of magnetite and chromite concentrates. D. Zhu, C. Yang, J. Pan, Q. Zhang, B. Shi, F. Zhang. Read more 3. Separation of iron phase and p-bearing slag phase from gaseous-reduced, high-phosphorous oolitic iron ore at 1473 K (1200 C) by super gravity. J. Gao, Y. Zhong, L. Guo, Z. Guo. Read more 4. Sulfurization of Fe-Ni-Cu-Co alloy to matte phase by carbothermic reduction of calcium sulfate. E. Jeong, C. Nam, K. Park, J. Park. Read more 5. Relationship between iron whisker growth and doping amount of oxide during Fe2O3 reduction. X. Gong, Z. Zhao, Z. Wang, B. Zhang, L. Guo, Z. Guo. Read more 6. A structural molar volume model for oxide melts part I: Li2O-Na2O-K2O-MgOCaO-MnO-PbO-Al2O3SiO2 melts—binary systems. E. Thibodeau, A. Gheribi, I. Jung. Read more 7. The effects of thermal pretreatment on leaching of Yunnan ilmenite with hydrochloric acid. S. Liu, J. Xiang. Read more 8. Direct chromium alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore. A. Ahmed, M. El-Fawakhry, M. Eissa, S. Shahein. Read more 9. Dephosphorisation of high phosphorus oolitic hematite by carbon composite pre-reduction and fast melting separation. G. Wang, J. Liu, J. Wang, Q. Xue. Read more 10. Carbon deposition on iron surfaces in CO–CO2 atmosphere. S. Geng, W. Ding, S. Guo, X. Zou, Y. Zhang, X. Lu. Read more 11. High-carbon DRI with ENERGIRON DR technology. P. Duarte, A. Martinis. Read more 12. Straw fiber utilization in rotary hearth furnace process for direct reduced iron production. D. Duan, H. Han, P. Yuan. Read more 13. The breakthrough ironmaking technologies combined with ENERGIRON, blast furnace and syngas. H. Ichikawa, T. Nakayama, P. Duarte, A. Martinis. Read more 14. Trends in iron-making given the new reality of iron ore and coal resources. H. Lüngen, J. Noldin Jr., P. Schmöle. Read more 15. Recovery of iron and nickel from nickel converter slag bv smelting reduction process. M. Ma, Z. Pei, C. Wu, B. Li, X. Tang. Read more

As environmental models (such as Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME), Parallel Reactive Flow and Transport Model (PFLOTRAN), Arctic Terrestrial Simulator (ATS), etc.) became more and more complicated, we will need new tools to expedite integrated model developments and facilitate the collaborations between field scientists, environmental system modelers and computer scientists. In this poster, we present our methods and efforts to analyze the Community Land Model (CLM), a terrestrial ecosystem model within the Community Earth System Models (CESM)). Specifically, we demonstrate our objectives, methods and software tools to support interactive software structure exploration and automatic functional testing code generation, compiler analysis and interesting works on code porting preparations for pre-ExaScale computers. We believe that our experience on the environmental model, CLM, can be beneficial to many other scientific research programs which adapt the integrated, component-based modeling methodology on high-end computers. Keywords—Climate Modeling, Community Land Model, Functional Testing, Performance Analysis, Compiler Analysis, Visual Analytics

SUMMARY We developed hybrid using of hydrogels and organic nanotubes (ONTs). ONTs were first dispersed in the hydrophilic monomers of the contact lens. The dispersion was polymerized and hydrated to obtain hybrid of ONTs and gel. The hybrids were applicable to materials for contact lenses (CLs) since they were transparent. ONTs in the hybrids should capture several drugs and release them in a controlled manner. INTRODUCTION Organic Nanotubes (ONTs) are tubular nanostructures prepared from small organic molecules or macromolecules. These structures have attracted growing attention because cylindrical nanospace of ONTs can encapsulate various guests from small molecule and drugs to DNA and proteins, and can release them. Further, they possess a biocompatible surface covered with sugar, peptide, and phosphocoline moieties. 1 The embedding of ONTs in a polymer should enable us to apply the resultant hybrid to an intelligent therapeutic material with drug release function, such as therapeutic contact lens (CLs), cell cultures, and so on. Previous attempts have been only limited to hybrid of microtubules with diameters of 500 nm, 2 and further most of ONTs, so far, possess same inner and outer surfaces. Thereby, sustained release was limited for proteins and DNA. 2 In addition, their large dimensions should make the hybrids translucent which is unsuitable for application in the CLs. Recently, we developed novel ONTs in which inner and outer surface of them are coated with a functional groups (Fig. 1). They efficiently encapsulated various materials, drugs, DNA, and protein, and release them in a controlled manner. In addition, they showed excellent dispersibility and stability in water with high optical transparency 3 because the outer diameter (15 nm) and length of them are small enough to avoid scattering of visible light. Figure 1. ONTs consisted lipids and Monomers for CLs Here, we studied the embedding of novel ONTs into hydrogels with the aim of development of functional materials for CLs. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The ONTs were prepared by heating and cooling of lipids in DMSO as previously reported. 3 Their dimensions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the molecular packing within the ONTs by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The resultant ONTs were dispersed in hydrophilic monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), or mixtures of HEMA and following monomers: glycerol methacrylate (GLM), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), as described later. Polymerization was demonstrated in a mold of CLs with the presence of cross-linker and radical initiator. The resultant polymers were hydrated to obtain ONT-CLs hybrid gels, and characterized by TEM, confocal laser scan microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ONTs were prepared via self-assembly from carboxylate lipid (ONT-1, in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3(a)) and its methyl ester (ONT-2). For visualization of ONTs under CLSM observation, 0.5mol% ONT-1-Alexa was doped into ONT-1 during self-assembly process to obtain fluorescent Alexa-labeled ONTs. For preparation of ONTs-CLs hybrid gels, ONT-1 or ONT-2 (1wt%) was, first, dispersed in 40wt% of each monomers of GLM, DMAA, NVP, and HEMA by stirring for 24 h. Secondly, HEMA (59wt%) including cross-linker and initiator were added, filled into the CLs mold, and polymerized. Although all CLs demonstrated were transparent just after polymerization, subsequent hydration makes CLs translucent especially that from NVP / HEMA and DMAA / HEMA (Fig. 2). Figure 2. Images of ONT-CLs hybrids We revealed that the stirring time of ONTs with the first monomer, prior to the polymerization, affected dispersibility of ONTs in the CLs as follows: ONT-1 and 2 were dispersed GLM by stirring 6, 24, 100 h, and CLs were prepared as described above. We found that the longer stirring time became, the better transparency of CLs improved. Finally, we achieved to prepare highly transparent CLs with even 5% of ONT-2. Details of the mechanism are under investigation. Figure 3 shows STEM and CLSM images of ONT-CLs hybrid gels consisted of ONT-1, GLM, and HEMA (Fig. 3(a)), and fluorescence image of slice of CLs consisted of Alexalabeled ONT-1, GLM, HEMA (Fig. 3(b)). TEM image of ONT-CLs visualized existence of hollow nanospace of ONT-1 in the gel with similar dimensions of native ONTs. CLSM image indicated that the ONTs partially formed bundles. Translucency of the ONT-CLs hybrids were, thus, caused by forming bundle or aggregation in CLs. Details of these CLs containing ONTs, such as water content, oxygen transmittance, strength, etc. were also analyzed. Figure 3. (a) STEM image of ONT-1; (b) TEM image of slice of ONT-CLs hybrid. ONT-1 was stained with uranyl acetate; (c) CLSM image of hybrid of fluorescent labeled CLs with ONT-1/ONT-1-Alexa. CONCLUSION We synthesized hydrogels conjugated ONTs in which inner and outer surfaces were covered with different function. We optimized process for ONTs-CLs hybrid with high transparency. These results suggested the possibilities to apply the hydrogels conjugated ONTs for the materials of CLs. REFERENCES 1. N. Kameta, H. Minamikawa, M. Masuda, Soft Matter 2011, 7, 4539-4561; T. Shimizu, M.Masuda, H. Minamikawa, Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1401-1443. 2. R.V. Bellamkonda et al., J. Control. Release. 2001, 71, 141-152. 3. M. Masuda and T. Shimizu, Langmuir 2004, 20, 5969-5997.; W. Ding, M. Masuda, et al., Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2012, 1, 699-706. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), A-step feasibility study program.

As environmental models (such as Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME), Parallel Reactive Flow and Transport Model (PFLOTRAN), Arctic Terrestrial Simulator (ATS), etc.) became more and more complicated, we are facing enormous challenges regarding to porting those applications onto hybrid computing architecture. OpenACC emerges as a very promising technology, therefore, we have conducted a feasibility analysis on porting the Community Land Model (CLM), a terrestrial ecosystem model within the Community Earth System Models (CESM)). Specifically, we used automatic function testing platform to extract a small computing kernel out of CLM, then we apply this kernel into the actually CLM dataflow procedure, and investigate the strategy of data parallelization and the benefit of data movement provided by current implementation of OpenACC. Even it is a non-intensive kernel, on a single 16-core computing node, the performance (based on the actual computation time using one GPU) of OpenACC implementation is 2.3 time faster than that of OpenMP implementation using single OpenMP thread, but it is 2.8 times slower than the performance of OpenMP implementation using 16 threads. On multiple nodes, MPI_OpenACC implementation demonstrated very good scalability on up to 128 GPUs on 128 computing nodes. This study also provides useful information for us to look into the potential benefits of “deep copy” capability and “routine” feature of OpenACC standards. We believe that our experience on the environmental model, CLM, can be beneficial to many other scientific research programs who are interested to porting their large scale scientific code using OpenACC onto high-end computers, empowered by hybrid computing architecture.