A short description is given of 19 laboratory, 12 semi‐field and 5 field methods to test the side‐effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms. The methods were developed according to standard guidelines by members of the Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’ of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS); 28 members in nine countries participated and the beneficial organisms (natural enemies of insects and mites) included: 6 Hymenoptera, 4 Coleoptera, 2 Diptera, 1 Neuroptera, 1 Heteroptera, 3 Acari, 1 Aranea, 1 entomopathogenic fungus (Hyphomycetes). There is agreement that a combination of laboratory, semi‐field and field tests is needed to show the side‐effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms and that the beneficials chosen for the test should be relevant to the crop on which the pesticide is to be used.
E NATON合作论文数2Herman Bogenschutz合作论文数2J. Brun合作论文数2Christoph Kuhner合作论文数2A. Stäubli合作论文数2j n reboulet合作论文数1Wpj Overmeer合作论文数1SA HASSAN合作论文数1s a hassan合作论文数1F. Mansour合作论文数1
Edwards Peter合作论文数1P. Huang合作论文数1L. Polgar合作论文数1L. Samsøe-Petersen合作论文数1S. I. Firth合作论文数1J. J. Tuset合作论文数1P. A. Oomen合作论文数1C. Inglesfield合作论文数1W. P. J. Overmeer合作论文数1G. Vanwetswinkel合作论文数1Franz Bigler合作论文数1M. A. Easterbrook合作论文数1P. Blaisinger合作论文数1M. S. Ledieu合作论文数1S. W. Shires合作论文数1Patricia Chiverton合作论文数1W. D. Englert合作论文数1A. Q. van Zon合作论文数1
