ABSTRACT The cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development was investigated within a time limit through the use of intact starved rats, which were made artificial diabetics with alloxan, and which were adrenalectomized. The liver glycogen and blood glucose concentration showed after one oral insertion of cortisol phased changes, which indicates endocrine counter-reactions. The insulin-like activity in plasma which was investigated through the use of intact rats showed an increase, while the cortisol conditioned induction of the liver – tryptophan-pyrrolase from endocrine regulations was not influenced, the cortisol conditioned liver glycogen development represented itself as a combined reaction of primary and secondary effects. An insular reaction obviously follows a primary gluconeogenetic one. Then an adrenalic counter-regulation results. These factors ascertain the degree and duration of the liver glycogen sedimentation.

Die Technik der präparativen Dünnschichtchromatographie wurde zur Isolierung von Aldosteron aus menschlichem Harn angewandt. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung des isolierten Steroids wurde die durch Erhitzen mit Schwefelsäure induzierbare Fluorescenz von Aldosteron benutzt. Nach Vorreinigung durch Verteilung und durch Chromatographie im System Chloroform-Äthanol 9:1 wurde Aldosteron acetyliert, als Diacetat weiter aufgearbeitet und schließlich fluorometrisch bestimmt. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung im menschlichen Harn genügt die Aufarbeitung von 100 ml. Bei 10 Normalpersonen wurde eine mittlere Tagesausscheidung von 8,8±2,5 µg (+-s) gemessen. Die Genauigkeit und Empfindlichkeit der Methode reicht für klinische Fragestellungen aus.

Durch Vergleich der Wirkungen von Phenylbutazon und Cortisol auf die Glykogenkonzentration und Tryptophanpyrrolaseaktivität der Leber von Fastenratten wird die aus einer Schrifttumübersicht hergeleitete Ansicht bekräftigt, daß Phenylbutazon nicht cortinartig wirkt. Phenylbutazon ruft im Gegensatz zu Cortisol keinen Anstieg der Leberglykogenkonzentration und Lebertryptophanpyrrolaseaktivität hervor. Vielmehr deutet sich eine Abnahme dieser Größen und auch der Muskelglykogenkonzentration an.

The development of an induced fluorescence of testosterone in an acid medium after heating is described. The optimal time and temperature are given. A linear concentration-fluorescence curve was obtained. The conditions and possibilities for adapting the method to quantitative testosterone determinations are discussed. The uncorrected excitation and fluorescence spectra of testosterone, corticosterone, cortisol and aldosterone, registered with a ZEISS spectralfluorimeter with two monochromators, Xenon-lamp and a compensation recorder are presented.

ABSTRACT The conditions for optimal yields from human urine of corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids were investigated by means of different methods of hydrolysis and extraction. With β-glucuronidase hydrolysis and simultaneous dialysis, almost all tetrahydro derivatives of cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, as well as etiocholanolone, androsterone and 11-oxygenated 17-ketosteroids are liberated. The dialysis does not proceed quantitatively, particularly with regard to the isolation of 17-ketosteroids. Hydrocortisone and cortisone seem to occur as free steroids in human urine. They can be extracted at pH 7.0 without preceding hydrolysis. The continuous extraction with ether or ethyl acetate at pH 1.0 hydrolyses the sulphuric acid esters of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone, but no measurable amounts of corticosteroid conjugates. Extraction at an acid pH leads to considerable spoiling of the extracts by unspecific tetrazolium blue positive chromogens. For the simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction of corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids from one urine sample the following procedure is proposed: β Glucuronidase hydrolysis and dialysis for three days; extraction at pH 7.0 with ether of the watery contents of the dialyzing tube; continuous extraction with ether at pH 0.5 for 48 hours.

Im Harn von weiblichen Meerschweinchen wurde im Gegensatz zu männlichen Tieren Epiandrosteron als Haupt-17-Ketosteroid nachgewiesen.

1. Bei einem adrenogenitalen Syndrom auf Grund einer postpuberal aufgetretenen Nebennierenrinden-Hyperplasic fanden wir — ähnlich wie in anderen Fällen der Literatur — eine deutlich vermehrte Dehydroepiandrosteronfraktion bei sonst normaler prozentualer Verteilung der übrigen 17-Ketosteroid-Fraktionen und erhöhter Gesamt-17-Ketosteroid-Ausscheidung.

A critical aspect of forensic investigation is to detect and identify body fluid stains and preserve them for DNA extraction. The types of body fluid stains commonly found at a crime scene include blood, saliva, semen, sweat, vaginal fluid, and urine. Identification of a stain can be difficult as current methods are body fluid specific and mostly destructive. In an effort to develop a universal, confirmatory and nondestructive approach which can identify and differentiate body fluids Muro et al. (2016), combined Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics to build a statistical model which could differentiate peripheral blood, saliva, semen, sweat, and vaginal fluid. However, this model did not include urine. Urine can be vital evidence in cases of correctional officers being assaulted with urine bombs by prisoners, as well as in sexual assault cases. Recent studies have also shown that DNA can be extracted from a dried urine sample. In this study, we have combined the Raman spectral dataset collected by Muro et al. with Raman spectral data collected from 27 urine samples from different donors to build calibration and validation datasets. Chemometrics was applied to build an enhanced statistical model which can identify and differentiate all main body fluids including peripheral blood, saliva, semen, sweat, vaginal fluid, and urine. This classification model offers a universal, single step, non-destructive, and robust technique with 100% accuracy for sample identification.