针对广东新农村建设存在的规划滞后、资源浪费、污染严重、社会管理水平低、环保意识薄弱等问题,提出用生态文明理念引领新农村建设以及建设广东生态文明新农村的对策.

As fundamental platform for the innovation of modern agricultural science and technology, the Key Provincial Laboratory of Agriculture plays important role for the academic development, talent training and serving the local agricultural economy. However, many problems occurred during the laboratory operation, such as no obvious advantage, uneven development of subject, asynchronous management and construction, dispersive research force, lacking of leading research talents, etc. Through analysis of the development status and characteristics of Key Laboratory of Crop Genetically Improvements of Guangdong Province, the experiences in the practice of the construction and management for nearly 10 years were summarized from the direction of study, the discipline development, management, equipment configuration and external cooperation and communication. Aiming at the problems, the development ideas were suggested from the talent construction, condition construction and cultural construction to promote the sustainable innovative development of laboratory.

Experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to determine the effect of calcium (Ca), or Ca in combination with 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) or paclobutrazol (PP333) on plant growth, flowering, and inflorescence quality of Oncidium 'Goldiana x Onc. Guiena Gold'. Treatments comprised: 300 mg/L Ca, 300 mg/L Ca + 50 mg/L 6-BA, 300 mg/L Ca + 100 mg/L 6-BA, 300 mg/L Ca + 100 mg/L PP333, and 300 mg/L Ca + 500 mg/L PP333. The experiments were arranged in a random block design consisting of 15 pots with flower buds about 1-5 cm in length per treatment. Days of budding stage, initial flowering and peak flowering were recorded. The variables were measured at peak flowering time: diameter of basal peduncle, peduncle length, inflorescence length, number of branches and florets. All the treatments promoted the flowering compared to the control, especially 300 mg/L Ca + 100 mg/L PP333 and 300 mg/L Ca + 500 mg/L PP333, These treatments advanced days of budding stage, initial and peak flowering in 6.2 d, 6.5 d, 15.0 d and 6.7 d, 6.6 d, 15.2 d, respectively. As far as inflorescence quality index were concerned, the effect of 300 mg/L Ca + 100 mg/L PP333 was better than 300 mg/LCa + 500 mg/L PP333. Thus our experiments suggest that 300 mg/L Ca + 100 mg/L PP333 was the best to improve Oncidium inflorescence quality.

In order to improve cultivation management level and provide reference for fertilization of Oncidium reasonably,research was conducted to investigate the interaction of different medium,NPK Proportion and nitrogen concentration combinations on growth of 'Oncidium Goldiana ×O.Guiena Gold '.Plants grown in the sphagnum moss:charcoal (1:1) promoted shoot,pseudobulb and significantly enhanced secondary shoot growth.Combinations of sphagnum moss:charcoal (1:1),30 N:10 P 2 O 5:10 K 2 O and 200 mg/L nitrogen accelerated shoot growth.While giving combinations of sphagnum moss:charcoal(1:1),20 N:20 P 2 O 5:20 K 2 O and 100 mg/L nitrogen boosted pseudobulb growth,at the same time enhanced secondary shoot growth only increasing nitrogen from 100 mg/L to 200 mg/L.

文心兰是热带兰花的一种,尚属新兴切花类花卉,其花形优美独特,花序分枝件良好,花色亮丽,具有较好的观赏价值.通过几年生产试验,总结出切花文心兰各个生产环节主要技术,包括种植所需条件、小苗和大苗时光温湿度的要求、水肥管理、病虫害防治及采收分级包装等,为文心兰栽培技术规范化提供准确的指标要求,确保其产品质量.

Karyotypes of 12 species of Paphiopedilum subgenus Paphiopedilum were studied by root tips squash method.The results showed that the chromosome number and karyotype were different among these species.Their formulae were as follows: P.philippinense for 2n=2x=26=16m+10sm,P.dithanum for 2n=2x=26=20m+6sm,P.densissimum for 2n=2x=26=22m+4sm,P.parishii and P.hirsutissimum for 2n=2x=26=24m+2sm,P.henryanum,P.markianum and P.rhizomatosum for 2n=2x=26=26m,P.callosum for 2n=2x=32=2M+24m+6sm,P.microchilum for 2n=2x=38=28m+10sm,P.appletonianum and P.hainanensis for 2n=2x=38=30m+8sm.The diploid mainly consisted of metacentric chromosomes without satellites.The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest chromosome(Lc/Sc) ranged from 2.07 to 3.44.The percentage of chromosomes with arm ratio(P.C.A)>2 ranged from 0 to 23.1%.The index of the karyotypic asymmetry(As.K) was from 53.50% to 58.95%.The karyotypes of P.henryanum,P.dithanum,P.densissimum,P.parishii,P.markianum and P.rhizomatosum were of Stebbins's 1B type,and the others belong to 2B type.

Effects of different ratio of fertilization on flower bud differentiation and growth of small inflorescence type‘Queen Beer’and big inflorescence type ‘2048’ were studied.The results indicated that the ratio of N ∶P2O5∶K2O ∶CaO =20 ∶40 ∶20 ∶5 markedly promoted flower bud differentiation and improved flower quality.

研究了智能温室、简易温室和大田3个不同环境条件下栽培的番茄的生长发育情况以及产量、品质等指标,结果表明:在智能温室生长的番茄营养生长发育良好,产量比大田栽培增产74.54%,采收期延长30多d,且食用品质更优,为体现现代设施栽培的优越性提供了理论依据.

Two experiments were performed to determine how different plant growth regulators concentrations and application methods influenced Phalaenopsis flower bud differentiation and growth.The results indicated that spraying treatment method was better than daubing treatment,and flower bud differentiation and growth was markedly promoted by spaying 25 mg/L6-BA.

The traits of fruits, seeds, embryos and seeds culture of four wild orchidaceous plants were studied. These plants included Calanthe discolor; Liparis japonica; Pholidota chinensis; Dendrobium densiflorum. The results showed that the colours of the seeds were white, light green or yellowish brown. The seeds were spindle or ellipsoid. The seeds of L. japonica, P. chinensis, D. densiflorum had seed pores and their embryos were dense and visible. The seeds germinated early and the germination rate was high. In which, the seeds of P. chinensis and D. densiflorum germinated earliest, and it only needed 36 days. The germination rate reached 100%. But the seeds of C. discolor did not have seed pores and the embryos could not see clearly. The seeds germinated late and the germination rate was low. The seeds of four orchidaceous plants were germinated by protocorms. A group of aseptic seedlings had been achieved through subculture. The germination status was discussed in combination with the characteristics of fruits, seeds and embryos.

A method to induce early in vivo flowering of 2 kinds of Nobile-type Dendrobium was achieved for shortening the juvenile period of these temperate orchids.Using plant growth regulators,21.5% of branches(Nobile-type Dendrobium hybrid)bloomed normally in spring festival.Conbinating lower temperate culture,50% of branches developed into normal flowers (Dendrobium wardianum Warner),which could bloom 20 d earlier than the control.

介绍了观赏植物在环境保护中具有改善环境质量,提高环境"绿视率",及作为环境污染指示植物等方面的,在环境保护中发挥着巨大作用.

'Red Glow' is a new Doritaenopsis cultivar bred by self-crossing of Doritaenopsis Minho Princess.It is middle and multiple-flower type cultivar with red purple line flowers.There are 1.7 branches in the scape on the average,about 10 flowers in main inflorescence and more than 19 on the whole.The flower is round and the size is 8.3 cm.The color of the petal is dark redder than that of the sepal.

Doritaenopsis Sunrise Firebird 'Red Pearl'is a new Doritaenopsis cultivar bred by Dtps.Taisuco Firebird and Dtps.Sun Jye Diamond.It is middle or multiple-flower type cultivar with red purple and round flowers,the flower diameter is 7.8 cm.There are 9-11 flowers in main inflorescence and 20 flowers on the whole.The plants grow vigorously.It has high resistance to heat.

Anthocyanins are the main determinants of flower colors.The biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins is one of the most extensively studied plant secondary metabolism.By the catalyzed of F3H,F3'H and F3'5'H,the biosynthesis of anthocyanins branched three pathways to form pelargonidin(orange to brick red),cyanidin(pink to red)and delphinidin(purple to blue)separately.DFR,F3'H and F3'5'H are the most important genes for introducing new metabolic branches by genetic transformation to plants that lack some kinds of flower pigments.The research on biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been focused on the transcriptional regulation of structural genes in latest years.The transcriptional factors involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanins mainly include two kinds of protein families-bHLH and R2R3-MYB.The basic model of transcriptional regulation of biosynthesis of anthocyanins,including the interaction between bHLH and R2R3-MYB factors and the recognizing and binding of these factors to the cis-elements of structural genes,has been set up.Additionally,the study on the WD40s and phytochromes that located upstream of bHLH and R2R3-MYB factors in the transcriptional regulation system originates the research of the whole signal pathway from the stimulation of environmental factors to biosynthesis of anthocyanins.

The morphological traits of seeds from 21 self-and cross-combinations in Phalaenopsis and their embryos culture were investigated.The average seed length and seed width were 0.292±0.025mm and 0.073±0.003mm,respectively.And the average embryo length and embryo width were 0.151±0.009mm and 0.069±0.003mm,respectively.The germination rate and the time required for germination were various because of different combinations.The average germination rate reached 72.4%.The mean time for PLBs and first leaf formation for all combinations were 22±3 and 78±6 days,respectively.The time for germination of cross-combinations was shorter than that of self-combinations and the germination rate was higher.There were no significant correlations among the time required for seed germination,germination rate,fruit size and seed size.But there was significantly linear negative correlation between the time required for seed germination and embryo size.It showed that the seeds with larger embryos would germinate earlier.

Regenerated shoots in vitro of Gerbera jamesonii Boul. were classified into three categories according to the height and leaf number and transferred into 250 ml glass vessels with 1/2MS supplemented with 6 g Agar/L, and 30 g sucrose/L or sucrose-free as rooting medium. The vessels were capped with Polypropylene film as the closed or with polypropylene film embedding a round gas-permeable membrane as diffusive ventilation. Three categories of the shoots could survive in the sucrose-free medium and grew photoautotrophically. The fresh weight and dry mass percentage of the shoots under diffusive ventilation were significantly higher than those under the closed. The fresh weight and dry mass percentage of those shoots 2-3 cm height with 3-4 leaves were 4.32 g and 10.6%, which were the highest value among the three categories. The root number and length of the plantlets in category II were about 4 and 3.0 cm on average respectively also the highest value among the three categories. Diffusive ventilation of the vessel could increase the chlorophyll content which of the plantlets in category II were 148.2 and 63.5 mu g.g(-1) FW respectively for chlorophyll a and b, which was higher significantly than those in other categories. The maximal quantum yield (Phi p(max)) and the actual quantum yield (Phi p) for the plantlets cultured under diffusive ventilation were significantly higher than those for plantlets under the closed. Phi p(max) cultured under diffusive ventilation was 0.8 and Phi p for the plantlets in category II was 4.32 significantly higher than those in other categories.

The collection,conservation,evaluation and utilization of Orchidaceae germplasm in Guangdong were introduced in this paper.At the same time,some advice for developing Orchidaceae germplasm were brought forward,including enhancing the conmunication and cooperation of domestic and foreign Orchidaceae germplasm,strengthening the conservation and appraisal system,as well as extending the utilization of Orchidaceae germplasm.

Eight species of Paphiopedilum subgenus brachypetalum were karyologically analyzed by root tips squash method. The result showed that the number of the somatic chromosome of these plants is 2n=26,diploid.The karyotypes were as follows: P.emersonii 2n=2x=26=18m+8sm,index of the karyotypic asymmetry(As.k)=59.90%;P.concolor 2n=2x=26=2M+18m+4sm+2st,As.k=56.90%;P.bellatulum 2n=2x=26=22m+2sm+2st,As.k=56.10%;P.hangianum 2n=2x=26=22m+4sm,As.k=58.64%;P.malipoense 2n=2x=26=20m+6sm,As.k=59.41%;P.jackii 2n=2x=26=14m+10sm+2st,As.k=63.00%;P.armeniacum 2n=2x=26=24m+2sm,As.k=55.05%;P.micranthum 2n=2x=26=20m+6sm,As.k=56.91%.According to Stebbins classification of karyotypic asymmery,the karyotype of P.concolor,P.bellatulum and P.hangianum belonged to“2A”, the others belonged to“2B”.The diploid mainly consisted of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes,but not satellites. Moreover, results of this karyological study provided some references on cytotaxonomy for system evolution of Paphiopedilum.

There is an abundance of tropical and subtropical ornamental plant germplasm resources in Guangdong province.The paper emphasized the significance of collection,conservation,evaluation and utilization of the ornamental resources for Guangdong,reviewed the advancement in the research works of ornamental germplasm.and discussed the problems such as weak basis of the research,less investments,serious erosion of the germplasm and lack of the system for breeding and utilization.Based on the characteristics of the germplasm in Guangdong,some noval ideas have been suggested for the research in the future and construction of resource nursery of ornamental plants germplasm in Guangdong