近年来,英美等发达国家高度重视军人心理效能的提升,加大了作战心理训练在部队训练中的比重,科学设置了作战心理科目,建立了融合式作战心理训练机制,有计划、有步骤地培养军人作战过程中必须的心理素质,旨在最大限度地提高心理效能、生成战斗力.2008年美国空军创建第711人员效能联队(711th human performance wing,711HPW),驻扎在俄亥俄州代顿市赖特·帕特森空军基地,在机构组成上覆盖了航空航天医学院和航空航天医学研究所,凸显了人体效能的主流意识和先导地位.外军的经验表明,作战心理训练可以提高官兵军事作业效能,从而提高军队的实战作战水平[1-4].那么,发展有中国特色的飞行员作战心理效能提升理念和模式,必定可以为我国空军实现"召之即来,来之能战,战之必胜"提供技术保障.鉴于此,在新形势下围绕"作战心理效能的提升",树立军事演练中融合作战心理训练的理念,深入开展飞行员心理训练的研究刻不容缓,是为保障飞行员心理健康、提高空军战斗力势在必行的航卫保障重点工作之一.

Objective To study the practical effect of psychological stress protection training on the pilots in over sea fight missions , and to provide pilots with feasible techniques and training methods for the flight over sea. Methods Forty pilots who performed the flight missions over sea were chosen as the research objects.Their physiological and objective indexes ,including heart rate variability (HRV) ,EEG ,self-rated scale of stress degree were collected within half an hour after the flight mission.Then ,30-min psychological stress protection training was carried out.The above indicators were collected again as the training finished.The physiological indexes were compared between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training to assess the training effectiveness.Similar comparison was done between the states of pilots before and after psychological stress protection training in over sea flight simulation. Results ① The HRV analysis in time domain indicated that the percentage of mormal adjacent NN interval difference ＞ 50 ms (PNN50) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training(t＝ 2.198 ,P＜ 0.05).② The HRV analysis in frequency domain indicated that the normalized HF (HFnorm ) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝ 7.102 ,P＜0.01),the normalized LF(LFnorm) of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly lower than that before training (t＝ 7.102 , P＜0.01).③The EEG analysis showed that α wave index of pilots after psychological stress protection training was significantly higher than that before training (t＝3.909 ,P＜0.01) ,but β wave index was significantly lower (t＝2.966 ,P＜0.01).④As compared with the data from flight simulation task the values of standard deviations of all NN intervals (SDNN) ,standard deviation of successive difference between adjacent NN intervals and very low frequency were significantly lower before stress protection training (t＝3.149 ,2.266 ,2.471 ,P＜ 0.01 or 0.05).β wave index was significantly increased (t＝5.067 ,P＜0.01).SDNN ,β wave indexes and HFnorm of pilots were significantly increased by stress protection training (t＝2.621 ,3.062 ,4.757 ,P＜0.05 or 0.01) while LFnorm significantly decreased (t＝2.621 ,P＜0.05).⑤The self-rated scale of stress degree of pilots were significantly decreased by the training (t ＝ 7.833 , P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Psychological stress protection training is an effective way for the pilots performing over sea flight missions.