The Hongqiling is a vein-type Sn-W polymetallic deposit in southern Hunan (South China). It is geologically located on the northern margin of the Nanling metallogenic belt. Based on the mineral assemblage and vein crosscutting relationship, three mineralization stages were identified: Sn-W mineralization (S1: cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and quartz), Pb-Zn mineralization (S2: chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, and fluorite), and late mineralization (S3: quartz, fluorite, calcite, galena, sphalerite, and pyrite). According to laser Raman probe analysis, H2O dominates the fluid inclusions in the S1 and S2 stage quartz, with CO2 and trace N2 following close behind. The ore fluid has low salinity, low density, and a wide temperature range, as per our microthermometric data: the S1 stage has homogenization temperatures (Th) of 236–377.6 °C (average 305.3 °C) and salinity of 3.5–10.7 wt.% NaCleqv; the S2 stage has Th of 206.5–332 °C (average 280.7 °C) and salinity of 1.6–5.1 wt.% NaCleqv; and the S3 stage has Th of 170.9–328.7 °C (average 246 °C) and salinity of 0.2–5.9 wt.% NaCleqv. Based on the results of the aforementioned investigation, the fluid inclusions in quartz, fluorite, and calcite are mainly H2O-NaCl vapor-liquid two-phase. Additionally, examinations of inclusions in S1 wolframite and coexisting quartz using infrared and microthermometry show that the mineralizing fluid likewise belongs to the NaCl-H2O system. The Th of inclusions in wolframite is ~40 °C higher than that of coexisting quartz. Moreover, the fluid experienced a decrease in temperature accompanied by nearly constant salinity, which indicates that wolframite precipitation is due to fluid mixing and simple cooling, and the precipitation is earlier than quartz. In situ S and H-O isotope data show that the samples have δ34S = −2.58‰ to 1.84‰, and the ore fluids have δD = −76.6 to −51.5‰ (S1 and S2), and δ18Ofluid = −6.6 to −0.9‰ (S1) and −12.9 to −10.2‰ (S2). All these indicate that the mineralizing fluid was derived from the granitic magma at Qianlishan, with substantial meteoric water incursion during the ore stage. Such fluid mixing and subsequent cooling are most likely the primary controls for ore deposition.

普朗铜矿床是格咱岛弧内最大的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床,主矿体的展布与复式斑岩体、岩体裂隙发育程度、钾化与青磐岩化蚀变带分布密切相关,为构造(蚀变岩)地球化学勘查技术应用奠定了基础.本次在对首采区8线剖面进行构造-蚀变-矿化编录的基础上,开展构造(蚀变岩)地球化学研究,通过R型聚类分析和因子分析得到3组矿化元素组合,结合矿床地质特征,F1(Ag、Cu、Au、In、Se、S、Co、Fe、Zn、K、Ba、LREE、HREE)为Cu-Au矿化元素组合,F3(Rb、Be、Nb、Ta、Th、U、Mo、Re、LREE)为Mo-Re矿化元素组合,F4(Cu、Au、Se、Mo、-Ca、-Sr)为Cu-Au-Mo矿化元素组合.构造(蚀变岩)地球化学异常特征表明:(1)F1、F3、F4因子在浅部的异常与已知矿体位置基本一致,深部未封闭异常指示剖面深部东侧具有较好找矿潜力,可圈定有利找矿靶区;(2)同时出现了两组Cu-Au矿化和两组Mo矿化组合异常叠加,指示具叠加成矿作用特征;(3)根据异常特征和空间叠置规律,结合主矿体产状特征(总体走向NNW,倾向NEE)和蚀变分带规律,推测了成矿流体运移方向(走向由SSE→NNW,倾向上由北东东深部→南西西浅部运移)和矿体展布特征,并在5线、8线、12线开展靶区验证工作,取得较好找矿效果.综合构造-蚀变-构造(蚀变岩)地球化学异常特征,能够有效的预测深边部找矿信息,在斑岩型铜矿深边部找矿过程中具有较好的应用前景,为构造(蚀变岩)地球化学服务深边部找矿提供了新思路和范例.

The Hongqiling polymetallic deposit is located in the northern margin of the middle section of the Nanling metallogenic belt, the northeastern side of the Dongpo ore field to be specific. It is one of the typical representative vein-type Sn-W-Pb-Zn deposits in Southern Hunan. The ore-bodies are strictly controlled by the structures and show obvious horizontal/vertical mineralization zonation. Based on precise measurement of the large scale structural sections and identification of mechanical properties of the typical rock-controlling and ore-controlling structures, this paper ascertained the ore-controlling structural characteristics of the Sn-W and Pb-Zn orebodies, summarized the structural control of the orebodies, and put forward the favorable ore-bearing structural position at depth. The results show that: 1) the No. 4 and No. 101, 102 and 103 Sn-W orebodies are controlled by the NNE trending faults, and have the spatial distribution characteristics of opposite tendency, lower W-upper Sn and deep intersection. 2) F 4 is the main controlling fault of the No.4 Sn-W ore body, which is inclined to SE, and its mechanical properties mainly underwent the transformation process from compressive property before mineralization to compressive and torsional property during mineralization.The No. 101, 102 and 103 Sn-W orebodies are controlled by a group of NNE trending tensile structures. 3) The spatial distribution of the Pb-Zn orebody（vein） is generally controlled by the NE-NEE trending fault, with multi-stage activity characteristics. It underwent tensile and torsional deformation during the metallogenic period and then left torsional deformation after the metallogenic period. And consequently, the ore metal contents of the No. 3 orebody show zonation feature, i.e., Sn-W to Pb-Zn transition from SW to NE in plane. 4) The NNE trending fault in the west of the mining area,which controls the Sn-W mineralization, extends deep down, which can link the NE-NEE trending fault that controls the Pb-Zn mineralization in the east of the mining area. This comprehensive study reveals a plausible prospect target for Sn-W orebodies in the deep part of the NE-NEE trending faults that control the Pb-Zn ore bodies in the east of the mining area.

长城岭铷(铌、钽)多金属矿床位于南岭成矿带中段,是近年来在湘南地区新发现的超大型稀有金属矿床,铷(铌、钽)成矿与花岗斑岩密切相关.本文选取长城岭矿区内塘下垄富铷花岗斑岩开展野外地质调查、岩石地球化学组成、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成研究.结果表明,塘下垄花岗斑岩形成年龄为222.5±1.8 Ma,代表长城岭矿区铷(铌、钽)矿的形成时代.该岩体具有较高的SiO2(72.38％～79.02％)、Al2O3(13.64％～18.47％)含量和A/CNK值(1.75～2.61),属于强过铝质岩石.岩石富集Rb、Th、Ta、Nd、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、K、Sr、Zr、Ti等元素;稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=20.3×10?6～64.4×10?6),LREE/HREE=2.4～4.5,相对富集轻稀土元素,具有四分组效应(TE1.3=1.13～1.20)和强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.03～0.07),Rb等稀有金属元素含量较高,为高分异的S型花岗斑岩.塘下垄花岗斑岩锆石 εHf(t)为?6.13～?2.59,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为1414～1639 Ma,指示岩浆源区主要为中元古代地壳部分熔融.结合区域地质背景认为塘下垄花岗斑岩体形成于印支运动碰撞后的伸展构造环境.长城岭铷(铌、钽)多金属矿床的发现进一步表明南岭地区印支期花岗岩具有较好的找矿潜力,为区域新一轮稀有金属矿产找矿提供了新思路.

落雪组作为云南易门狮子山铜矿区最主要的赋矿层位,前人对该地层沉积时代研究程度较低,缺乏确切的地层形成时代资料.本文对狮子山铜矿区落雪组一段的凝灰质白云岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得3组有效207Pb/206Pb年龄值,分别为:①1.7 Ga—2.0 Ga;②2.11 Ga—2.43 Ga;③2.5 Ga-3.02 Ga.其中,第一组锆石年龄代表成岩期后构造热液事件;第二组锆石自形程度较好,棱角分明,发育韵律环带,为岩浆结晶锆石,其加权平均年龄为2299 Ma±29 Ma(n = 27,MSWD= 8.1),指示落雪组一段凝灰质白云岩的沉积时代为古元古代;第三组锆石年龄为捕获的古老继承锆石年龄,锆石的微量元素w(Y)—w(U)、w(Y)—w(Ce)/w(Ce)*、w(Y)—w(Yb)/w(Sm)岩性判别图解显示,该组锆石主要来自陆壳花岗质岩石中的S型花岗岩,暗示扬子板块西南缘古元古代—新太古代存在近源出露的花岗岩类岩石,存在较早的酸性成分的大陆地壳.通过区域地层岩性特征和地层沉积时代对比分析,研究认为狮子山铜矿区出露的落雪组应为滇中易门群罗洼垤组的延伸,同属古元古代的沉积建造.