Based on the mapping of the granitic series and types, strontium isotopic trend surface analyses and isobaths of Moho surface, the deep-level sourced Yangtze series (series Ⅱ) granitoids are mainly distributed in the eastern part of South China. The shallow-level sourced Nanling series (seriesⅠ) granitoids are mainly distributed in the central and western parts of South China. The Ningwu type (type Ⅱ_1), Dexing type (type Ⅱ_2) and Fujing-Zhejiang cosatal type (typeⅡ_3) granitoids are distributed in the middle-western, central-eastern and southeastern coastal parts of South China, respectively. The Zhuguangshan type (typeⅠ_1), Darongshan type (type Ⅰ_2) and Guangdimiao type (type Ⅰ_3) granitoeds are distributed in the central,western and northwestern parts of South China, respectively. The generation of granitoids is in close relation with the uplift or depression of the mantle (Moho surface). The deep-level sourced granitoids (series Ⅱ), especially Ⅱ_1,Ⅱ_3 types mainly occur in the uplift areas of the mantle, and shallow-level sourced granitiods (series Ⅰ), especially Ⅰ_2,Ⅰ_3 type granitoids,mainly occur in the depression areas of the mantle.

Based on the mapping of the granitic series and types, strontium isotopic trend surface analyses and isobaths of Moho surface, the deep-level sourced Yangtze series (series Ⅱ) granitoids are mainly distributed in the eastern part of South China. The shallow-level sourced Nanling series (series Ⅰ) granitoids are mainly distributed in the central and western parts of South China. The Ningwu type (type Ⅱ1), Dexing type (type Ⅱ2) and FujingZhejiang cosatal type (type Ⅱ3) granitoids are distributed in the middle-western, central-eastern and southeastern coastal parts of South China, respectively. The Zhuguangshan type (typeⅠ1), Darongshan type (type Ⅰ2) and Guangdimiao type (type Ⅰ3) granitoeds are distributed in the central, western and northwestern parts of South China, respectively. The generation of granitoids is in close relation with the uplift or depression of the mantle (Moho surface). The deep-level sourced granitoids (series Ⅱ), especially Ⅱ2, Ⅱ3 types mainly occur in the uplift areas of the mantle, and shallow-level sourced granitiods (series Ⅰ), especially Ⅰ2,Ⅰ3 type granitoids, mainly occur in the depression areas of the mantle.

根据花岗岩系列和类型编图,华南地区浅源南岭系列(系列I)花岗岩多产于中部和西部,深源长江系列(系列II)花岗岩主要分布在东部.诸广山型(Ⅰ1型)、大容山型(Ⅰ2型)和关帝庙型(Ⅰ3型)花岗岩的重点分布区,分别在中心腹地、西部和西北部湖南境内;宁芜型(Ⅱ1型)、德兴型(Ⅱ2型)和闽浙沿海型(Ⅱ3型)花岗岩的重点分布区,分别在长江中下游、中西与中东部深断裂带、东南沿海地区.花岗岩系列、类型的趋势面分析和莫霍面深度变化与上述花岗岩系列、类型分布特点对应得非常好,它们的等值线变化趋势几乎重合,相互间吻合一致,可以认为花岗岩的形成与地幔莫霍面的隆起与坳陷密切相关,地幔隆起区产出深源系列II花岗岩,其中Ⅱ1、Ⅱ3型花岗岩尤为典型;地幔坳陷区发育浅源系列I花岗岩,以Ⅰ2、Ⅰ 3型花岗岩很显著.

根据Green et al(1986)提出的三元长石温压计公式,以长石三元固溶体和矿物相平衡为基础,通过热力学推导,建立了联立方程法和迭代法两种计算三元长石温度的方法.根据联立求解可获得TAb-Or、TOr-An、TAb-An三个温度值,迭代法求解可获得TAb、TOr、TAn三个温度值.因此,一个样品可计算出6个温度数据.选择粤西地区有代表性的18个花岗岩体,按混合岩建造→深熔花岗岩建造→岩浆建造南岭系列花岗岩→岩浆建造长江系列花岗岩的顺序,进行三元长石法的温度计算,所得到的相应各建造和系列花岗岩的上限温度为755℃→766℃→865℃→970℃;下限温度为664℃→665℃→775℃→814℃,亦即上下限温度都逐渐升高,其规律性与地质和地球化学研究结果完全一致,体现了三元长石地质温度计的可靠性和准确性.

potassic and sodic mantle alkali-rich magma systems are the integral of all ig- neous rocks that are formed in a short geological period, and include the ultrabasic, basic, inter- mediate and acidic alkali-rich rocks along deep faults. The integral of potassic rocks is named potassic mantle alkali-rich magma system, and the integral of sodic rocks is named sodic mantle alkali-rch magma system. The study for Ailaoshan-Jingshajiang potassic alkali-rich igneous rocks belt show that in intrusion depth, these rocks can be hypogene, hypabyssal and extrusive; in lithology, they can be ultrabasic, basic, intermediate and acidic; and in alkalinity most rocks are alkaline and weakly alkaline. Their striking features are KNa, high potassium and alkali-rich. In petrochemistry, these rocks are generally highly alkaline ( Na_2O + K_2O range from 4.55% to 12.5%), potassium-rich (K_2O/Na_2O ratio is 1.15-3.20), with high CaO (2.20% - 14.9%), high Rb, Sr, Ba, Th, U, and low Rb/Sr. The total contents of rare earth elements are higher, the light rare earth elements are strongly enriched, and the δEu values are low. Most Isr values range from 0. 705 to 0. 706. I_(Nd) range from 0. 512305 to 0. 512630. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data imply that the magma of this rock belt was derived from EM Ⅱ type mantle source, and probably directly came from a kind of potassie mantle. The Anning river sodic alkali-rich igneous rock belt are also hypogene, hypabyssal and extrusive in intrusion depth, ultrabasic, basic, intermediate and acidic in lithology and mostly are alkaline and weakly alkaline in alkalinity. Most of sodic al- kali-rich rocks are high in Na_2O + K_2O (5.67% - 14.44% ), sodium-rich (the K_2O/Na_2O ratio is 0.22-0.90), with high contents of TiO_2 (0.15% -6.44% ) and large ion lithophile elements. Nb, Ta, Zr and Rb/Sr are relatively higher. The contents of light rare earth elements are lower than those of potassic rock belt, but δEu values are higher, and sometimes even positively abnor- mal. I_(sr_ values range from 0. 705 to 0. 706. I_(Nd) value is about 0. 512630. These rocks are similar to the igneous rocks in the rift area derived from mantle. They are mainly derived from mantle multi-period sodie alkali-rich magma and multi-stage evolved. The study shows that there are not only potassium-rich mantle source areas, but also sodium-rich mantle source areas. These mantle magmas were formed in the deep mantle under the high pressure and high temperature conditions. As the passageway of magma uprising, the ultra-deep faults are important for formation of the potassic and sodic mantle alkali-rich magma systems.

燕山期强过铝质侵入岩广泛出露于广东省吴川-四会成矿带。其岩石化学成分表现出Al2O3/TiO2比值较低的特征,暗示其源区熔融温度在875℃以上。它们的稀土元素分布型式指示其熔融源区的残留矿物组合中含有斜长石、石榴石和角闪石,表明岩浆形成于1.0～1.5GPa的压力条件下。据此推断,吴川-四会成矿带燕山期岩浆作用的能量主要来自底侵岩浆。

根据地质和地球化学特点,特别是同位素组成,将Li-F花岗岩划分为浅源南岭系列(系列Ⅰ)和深源长江系列(系列Ⅱ).系列Ⅰ的δO18＞10‰,ISr＞0.7100,εNd(t)＜-6,在207Pb/204Pb-206Pb204Pb铅同位素构造图上位于上地壳线附近;系列Ⅱ的δ18O＜10‰,ISr＜0.7100,εNd(t)＞-6,在207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204铅同位素构造图上位于地幔线与造山带线之间.说明浅源南岭系列Li-F花岗岩物质来源比较浅,以上地壳(再循环地壳)物质为主,而深源长江系列Li-F花岗岩物质来源比较深,以地幔、下地壳和造山带(原生地壳)物质为主.

Two kinds of liquid segregation in Li-F granites can be recognised. One is mainly governed by liquid immiscibility and the other by vapour-liquid fractional distillation. The isotopic geochemical indicators of the former are as follow: from early to late stage of the composite Li-F granite mass, δ 18 O and I Sr decrease firstly and then they suddenly increase. And in a typical Li-F granite, from lower rock facies (albite granite), which corresponds to ongonite in composition to the top rock facies(greisen and pegmatoid stockscheider), which corresponds to Xianghualingite in composition, the δ 18 O suddenly increase. The isotopic geochemical indicators of the latter are as follow: from deeper to shallower facies of a typical Li-F granite body, the δ 18 O decrease and δD increase.

The results of 118 REE analyses of Li-F granites from South China and other countries indicate that there are three variation types of REE pattern curves with different evolution trends from early to late stages of Li-F granite complex or from lower to upper petrofacies of the Li-F granite body: (1) the decreasing, (2) the increasing, and (3) the saltatory variation types. The first variation type is called the positive evolution type, attributed to crystallization differentiation. The second is called the reversion evolution type, which represents liquid segregation dominated by vapor-liquid distillation. The third is called the saltatory variation type, which is formed from liquid segregation dominated by immiscibility. Therefore, the indicatrices of liquid segregation dominated by immiscibility are the saltatory variation type of REE pattern evolution and the separation of the main evolution trend lines either from the sub-evolution trend lines or from the composition points of Li-F granites in the diagrams of REE-(La/Yb)N and La/Sm-La. The indicatrices of liquid segregation dominated by vapor-liquid fractional distillation are the reverstion evolution type of REE pattern curves and the main evolution trend lines of Li-F granites directing to the upper right-hand on the REE-(La/Yb)N and La/Sm-La diagrams.

The results of trace element determination of 195 Li-F granite samples from China and other countries indicate that with the variation of Li-F granite facies from the lower to the upper, there are negative correlations between Zr/Hf and F and Nb/Ta and F; the contents of Ta (Nb), Sn, W and Al increase and the ratios of Nb/Ta (Zr/Hf) decrease with the F content increase. The topazites are plotted in the down-left side of correlative oblique line in the diagram K/Rb-Rb of Li-F granite. The Li-F granites show the lower Li and K anomaly in the diagram Li-K, and Rb/Sr unusual anomaly (2 ~ 3 magnitudes) in the diagram Rb/Sr-P2O5. All of these facts are the indicators of the liquid segregation mainly with vapour-liquid fractional distillation. The contents of main and trace elements in neighbourhood rock facies (xianghualingite and ongonite) are characterized by variation of a saltation and heterogeneity. The contents of main elements such as F, K, Fe, Mn, Mg (or Ca) and trace elements such as Rb (or Cs), Zr (or Hf), Nb (or ta), Th, W, Sn (or Mo), Ba (or Sr) etc in xianghualingite are richer than those in ongonite. Therefore, the xianghualingite rich in F, K, Fe and poor in Si, Na, and the ongonite poor in F, K, Fe and rich in Si, Na are conjugate and saltatory in compositions of rock pair. This can be considered as the indicators of liquid segregation mainly with the immiscibility of Li-F granite.

华南和世界其他国家典型 L i- F花岗岩 195个微量元素分析结果的研究表明 ,随 L i- F花岗岩自下而上不同岩相变化 :Zr/Hf- F、Nb/Ta- F等有负相关变化 ;同样 ,随 F增加 ,Ta（Nb）、Sn、W、Al升高和 Nb/Ta（Zr/Hf）降低 ;在 K/Rb- Rb图中黄英岩成分点位于相关斜线左下方 ;在 K- L i图中有低 L i、K的异常变化 ;在 Rb/Sr- P2 O5 图中有 Rb/Sr的二～三个数量级异常变化等 ,均是 L i- F花岗岩气液分馏为主液态分离的标志。相邻岩相 （香花岭岩和翁岗岩 ）的微量元素和主要元素有突变和不均一特点 ,香花岭岩比翁岗岩富主要元素 F、K、Fe、Mn、Mg（或 Ca）和微量元素 Rb（或 Cs）、Zr（或 Hf）、Nb（或 Ta）、Th、W、Sn（或 Mo）、Ba（或 Sr）等。因而富 F、K、Fe与贫 Si、Na的香花岭岩和贫 F、K、Fe与富 Si、Na的翁岗岩属成分共轭和突变的岩性对 ,应为 L i- F花岗岩不混溶为主液态分离标志

The Changkeng gold-silver deposit is composed of sedimentary rock-hosted, disseminated gold deposit and replacement-type silver deposit. The mineralization of gold and silver is zoned and closely related to silicification of carbonate and clastic rocks, so siliceous ore dominates in the deposit. The mineralizing temperature ranges mainly from 300 C to 170 C , and K+ , Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Cl- are the major ions in ore-forming fluid. Calculation of distribution of metal complexes shows that gold is mainly transported by hydrosulphide complexes. but chloride complexes of silver, iron, lead, and zinc, which are transformed into hydroxyl and hydrosulfide complexes under neutral to weak-basic circumstances in the late stage, predominated in the mineralizing solution. Computer modeling of reaction of hydrothermal solution with carbonate rocks has confirmed that water - rock interaction was the effective mechanism for the formation of silver ore. The solubility analyses demonstrate that the precipitation of gold and silver minerals that take place under weak acid and neutral to weak basic pH conditions, respectively, is the main or favourable factor for the ore zonation and separation of gold from silver.

Li-F granites all over the world can be represented by three end members, i. e., the Na-rich ongonite (O), the K-rich xianghualingite (X) and the Si-rich topazite (T). Characters and criteria are presented for these end-member rocks. Vertical zoning in Li-F granites, as reflected by increasing normative Q and C (corundum) and decreasing ALK (K 2 O+ Na 2 O) with increasing content of fluorine, can be explained using the three-end-member scheme in terms of petrochemistry and norms. Considering the difference in melt structure, viscosity and density between the end members, in couple with the regularities that govern the Na-K and SiALK segregation known from field evidence and experiments, it is suggested that the three end members may have resulted from liquid segregation (immiscibility) rather than from crystal fractionation as commonly believed.

对长坑金银矿床的化学组成、同位素特征、流体性质、成矿物理化学条件和机理的系统研究表明,与矿化最密切的硅质岩应主要为热液交代成因;金、银矿体的稀土和微量元素特征既有共性又有异性;矿床的硫、铅、碳、锶同位素组成特征反映它们均为壳源物质或沉积成因;成矿流体相对富Ca、K,主要来自演化了的加热大气水或建造水;矿床形成于中低温的热液条件,矿化机制包括热液沸腾、流体混合与水岩反应.总之,长坑矿床为微细浸染型金矿与碳酸盐岩交代型银矿构成的新颖矿床组合,金、银矿体是统一的热液作用在不同的成矿环境和控矿条件下的产物,它们与区域内的铅锌(银)矿床应属于一个成矿系列.

Lianhuashan porphyry-type W-Au deposit, Guandong Province, is formed in the endo- and exo-contact zone of quartz sandstone and Mesozoic quartz syenite, quartz diorite. Characteristics of alteration and mineralization show that the deposit is of porphyry- type deposit. Alterations include k-feldspar and biotite alteration, greisenization, sericitization, chloritization and propylitization. Mineral associations of ore include wolframite, scheelite-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, polymetallic sulfides and pyrite. The percentage of gains and losses of elected elements for different types of original and altered rocks, through calculation based on the formula given by Grant (1986), show that Th, TiO 2, Al 2O 3, P 2O 5, Ta, Hf are immobile in the process of alteration. Gains and losses of main elements are controlled predominantly by types of original rocks and secondarily by the types of alteration. The content change of main elements reflects element redistribution in porphyry system, with the exception of MnO, which may be controlled by both element redistribution and deposition as wolframite of deep-sourced ore fluid. Mineralization-related elements, such as Au, WO 3, Cu, Zn, etc. , are greatly enriched in the altered rocks and the enrichment factor in quartz sandstone is up to 5. If mass balance is taken into account, enrichment of mineralization-related elements is formed through ore deposition of deep-sourced fluid, rather than element redistribution. REE has mainly less than 25% change of mass in the process of alteration.

Lamprophyres are widely spread over the Laowangzhai gold orefield in northern Mt. Ailao structure zone, Yunnan Province. Lampmphyres in the orefield are temporally and spatially related to gold mineralization. Lampmphyren in the orefield have anomalous Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, e.g. the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.706 665–0.707 960, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of sample YLW-44 is 0.709 041) are higher than the modern value of the original mantle (0.704 5), the 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ration (0.512 463–0.512 551) are lower than the modern value of the original mantle (0.512 638), and the calculated values ε Sr > 0 (28.1–63.7) and ε Nd < 0 (- 1.34- -3.07). The results of investigation inete that lampmphyres in the Laowangzhai gold orefield with anomalous Sr and Nd isotopic compositions would not be produced as a result of contamination of the primary magma with the isotopic features of MORB by the crust materials high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and low 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios in the ploeaws of rising or in the magma chamber, but the result of metasomatism of source mantle.

长坑金银矿床方解石的δ13C值为-3．23‰，方解石和石英的δ18O分别为8．64‰～18．61‰和9．60‰～13．0‰，其范围与其它卡林型金矿相似。结合大本（Ohmoto）模式的理论分析，认为成矿热液的总联同位素组成可大致取为-2‰～－17‰，即碳主要来自地层中的沉积碳酸盐，部分来自有机碳。推导出水岩交换过程中流体氢、氧同位素演化的一般性协变方程并进行了理论模拟，认为成矿流体以燕山晚期一第三纪的加热大气降水或建造水为主。