In this study, the effect of the sludge retention time (SRT) (SRT = 15 d, 20 d, 30 d) on the removal of three typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics (norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP)) and the role of microorganisms in the process was investigated. The removals of fluoroquinolone antibiotics were mainly removed by adsorption under all three sludge retention times, with average removal rates of 82.87 %, 62.53 % and 70.06 %, respectively. When the initial antibiotic concentration was higher than 3 mg/L, the biomass, total extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and PN/PS showed a decreasing trend, and the sludge activity decreased. In the sequencing batch bioreactor, the removal efficiency of OFL increased from 59.24 % to 72.99 % as the SRT increased from 15 to 30 days. In addition, prolongation of SRT increased the diversity of active microorganisms while the relative abundance of K-strategic bacteria (Nitrospira, Glutamicibacter) increased under low food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio conditions, which played a key role in the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Biodegradation removal increased from 7.89 % to 22.18 % and adsorption/biodegradation ratio decreased from 6.51 to 2.03.

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are common in arid and semi-arid ecosystems and enhance soil stability and fertility. Highway slopes severely deplete the soil ecological structure and soil nutrients, hindering plant survival. The construction of highway slope BSCs under human intervention is critical to ensure the long-term stable operation of the slope ecosystem. This study investigated the variation rules and interaction mechanisms between soil nutrients and microbial communities in the subsoil BSCs on highway slopes. Bacterial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the dynamic compositional changes in the microbial community and perform critical metabolic predictive analyses of functional bacteria. This study revealed that the total soil nitrogen increased significantly from 0.557 to 0.864 g/kg after artificial inoculation with desert Phormidium tenue and Scytonema javanicum. Actinobacteria (44–48

水产品是全球最为活跃的贸易产品之一,水产品的质量对经济发展至关重要.研究表明,膳食中鱼类的摄入是PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)经由水产品对人类的主要暴露途径.养殖水环境及水产品中的PFAS对水产品质量及人类健康构成不可忽视的直接威胁.本文综述了典型PFAS在养殖水体及水产养殖生物中的赋存状态、生物富集效应及生理毒性特征,探讨了其对养殖生物所产生的可能性作用机理,基于健康养殖与绿色安全水产品供应需求,梳理了功能性益生菌缓解PFAS对养殖鱼类的毒性效应及其内在作用机理,并针对目前研究中存在的问题,提出未来重点研究方向,包括水产养殖过程中PFAS污染物产生风险的客观评价、功能性菌株缓解PFAS污染物对养殖生物的毒性机理的研究及水产养殖过程绿色有效的PFAS污染物防控技术的研发等,以期为水产养殖过程中PFAS污染物的科学防控提供有益参考.

为促进酒糟饲料化的生产应用,本文在解析酒糟基本成分和营养价值的基础上,对酒糟的饲料化利用方式、酒糟饲料在动物养殖中的应用进展及酒糟饲料化利用存在的问题与挑战进行论述,得出结论如下:相比于干燥、混合青贮的饲料化利用方式,微生物发酵酒糟饲料是当前研究的重点方向,对动物的饲喂效果更好;发酵酒糟尚未得到大规模应用,其长期饲喂动物的应用效果缺乏系统深入比较,且大规模生产应用应解决其发酵加工技术成熟度、成本控制与效果稳定性等难题.