针对页岩油储层矿物组分复杂多样、矿物体积含量模型不统一、矿物组分准确定量评价困难等问题,以济阳坳陷陆相页岩油储层的岩心X衍射全岩矿物岩心分析和薄片鉴定等实验资料为基础,引入有机骨架,构建页岩油储层"双骨架"矿物组分岩石物理体积模型,在经过储层三孔隙度校正之后,采用最小二乘法-奇异值分解最优化反演方法计算页岩油储层有机骨架和无机骨架矿物组分体积含量.研究表明,采用最优化反演方法计算得到的矿物体积含量与X衍射测量结果相关性达到0.60以上,并在实际井中得到验证应用.研究成果可为页岩油储层精细评价提供有力支撑.

应用覆压条件孔隙度渗透率自动测量仪(AP608)测量的孔隙度和渗透率是在有效覆压下的三轴孔隙度,而储量计算是要求计算油气藏孔隙中的含油气量,应该使用地层条件下的单轴孔隙度.为解决这一问题,笔者通过对长岭断陷安山岩、角砾凝灰岩和凝灰岩的代表性样品进行多个围压下孔隙度的测量,给出了将三轴孔隙度转换为单轴孔隙度的校正方法,转换后的孔隙度可以直接用于储量计算.

页岩气储层致密、非均质性强,在开发中须要压裂改造,准确地评价其可压裂性及其展布规律对压裂设计意义重大.以川南X地区五峰组—龙一段1亚段(龙一1)页岩地层为研究对象,以岩心测试,测录井等资料为基础,分析了反映可压裂性的指标,提取脆性指数、泊松比、杨氏模量、抗拉强度和水平主应力差为敏感参数,以层次分析法求出各自权重,构建了综合可压裂系数Icr;结合生产资料划分了Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ级可压裂级别;开展多井可压裂级别评价与连井剖面对比,统计Ⅰ,Ⅱ级的地层厚度比,分析平面上可压裂性的变化规律.结果表明:Icr≥0.59时,可压裂级别为Ⅰ级,可压裂性最好;五峰组—龙一11、龙一12中Ⅰ级层段占比较大,是适合压裂开发的有利层段;Ⅰ级层段厚度比为0.8～0.9主要分布在N201,N209,N203,N208和N211井等井区.该研究成果为川南X地区页岩气储层水平井的部井开发提供了依据.

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层非常发育,但利用常规测井数据识别生物扰动储集层发育段和准确预测孔隙度难度较大.本文在对研究区16口取芯井奥陶系岩芯上生物扰动区域扰动等级划分的基础上,通过岩性标定测井,优选常规测井参数,基于BP神经网络模型分别建立了适合研究区生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层识别和孔隙度预测的模型,并对建立的模型进行了有效性检验.结果表明:① 选择自然电位、自然伽马、井径、深侧向电阻率、浅侧向电阻率、补偿中子和密度等常规测井数据作为生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层识别模型输入层的参数值,生物扰动指数(Bioturbation Index, BI)作为输出结果;选取rprop、sigmoid symmetric和sigmoid stepwise函数分别作为训练函数、隐含层和输出层的激活函数,建立节点数为3、层数为3的神经网络识别模型,识别效果好,适用于研究区奥陶系生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层的识别.② 选择自然电位、自然伽马、井径、声波、补偿中子和密度值等常规测井数据作为输入层的参数值,对应深度上岩芯柱塞孔隙度测试结果和利用孔隙度样品检验模型计算得出的孔隙度结果作为输出结果,选取incremental、gaussian和sigmoid分别作为训练函数、隐含层和输出层的激活函数,建立节点数为4,层数为3的生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层孔隙度预测模型,预测效果良好,适用于研究区奥陶系生物扰动储集层孔隙度的预测.该研究对定量表征研究区生物扰动储层特性、储量估算、油藏描述和储层地质建模等具有重要的借鉴意义.

塔河油田奥陶系一间房组和鹰山组生物扰动型碳酸盐岩储集层非常发育.在岩芯观测的基础上,通过薄片显微镜观测与柱塞孔隙度、渗透率分析,对研究区生物扰动型碳酸盐岩储集层宏、微观特征和成因机制进行了研究,并基于岩芯资料和常规测井数据提出了一种新的孔隙度计算样本检验模型.结果表明:1)研究区奥陶系生物扰动储集层在岩芯上多呈不规则状或绸带状分布的含油斑块,潜穴充填物以白云石为主,储集空间主要是晶间孔.随着生物扰动指数的增加,平均孔隙度呈先增大后减少趋势,平均渗透率则一直增大;2)在早—中奥陶世的沉积过程中,(古)生物在碳酸盐沉积物表面或内部建造了大量形态各异的潜穴,生物扰动使得潜穴充填物和围岩基质在成分、结构上出现差异,这些差异伴随着其后的成岩过程逐步增大,这对储集层的储、渗能力具有重要影响;3)在总结前人测井孔隙度计算方法的基础上,将生物扰动指数引入密度测井孔隙度计算模型中,提出了一种基于岩芯资料和常规测井数据的孔隙度计算样本检测检验模型,并用岩芯柱塞测试结果验证了该孔隙度计算模型的有效性和准确性;该模型弥补了现有常规孔隙度模型的不足,其计算产生的拟岩芯数据可为下一步建立的通用生物扰动碳酸盐岩储集层孔隙度计算模型提供可靠的样本训练数据,也对这类储层的储量估算与油藏描述有一定的借鉴意义.

碳酸盐岩断裂带断层岩成分复杂、非均质性强,其形成演化对碳酸盐岩储层改造和油气运聚具有重要影响.利用地震、岩心和岩石薄片资料对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷车镇凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩断层岩特征及其变形机制进行分析,建立了碳酸盐岩断裂带断层岩演化模式.车镇凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩断裂带发育断层角砾岩和碎裂岩两类断层岩,其中,断层角砾岩类包括裂纹角砾岩、镶嵌角砾岩和杂乱角砾岩,碎裂岩类包括碎裂岩和超碎裂岩.断层角砾岩主要由厘米—毫米级的棱角状—次棱角状灰岩碎屑组成,碎屑分选性极差,呈颗粒支撑,胶结物含量小于50％;碎裂岩灰岩碎屑多小于2 mm,胶结物含量多大于50％,为基底式胶结.断层角砾岩变形机制以破裂作用为主,而碎裂岩变形机制以碎裂作用为主.随着与主滑动面的距离增加,断层岩变形程度逐渐增强,由断层角砾岩演变为碎裂岩,断层岩经历了"裂纹角砾岩→镶嵌角砾岩→杂乱角砾岩→碎裂岩→超碎裂岩"的时空演化序列.

The Chunguang oilfield is located in a simple structure named Chepaizi slope zone in western margin of Juggar Basin,northwestern China.The reservoirs are mainly stratigraphic and lithologic type of outside hydrocarbon source. The Neogene Shawan Formation,Paleogene,and Cretaceous,are all the exploration targets.Analyses of depositional char-acteristics show that the Shawan Formation developed mainly alluvial fan and braided river depositional system,the Paleo-gene and the Cretaceous grew braided river delta sedimentary system.A study based on semdimentary features of the area had been carried out to answer questions concerning on reservoiring conditions.Analyses of oil-source correlation show that the Changji sag in the east and Sikeshou sag in the south of the area had the potential to provide hydrocarbon and their Jurassic and Permian formaiotns were the major hydrocarbon-generating ‘factories’ .Migration pathways for hydro-carbon were regarded as the major controlling factor for the reservoiring of oil in the area.Three relevent elements had been thoroughly studied( unconformity,sand sheet and fault) .The result indicates the existence of a highly efficient path-way system.A hydrocarbon migration pattern was established for the area based on the study.Reserveroi features analyses of the area were used to determine the major controlling factors,establish of reservoring model and guide the exploration.

随着非常规油气勘探的进一步深入,页岩油气逐渐成为现今勘探研究的热点和难点.目前国内针对页岩油的勘探开发没有成功的案例可循,实际工作中一直沿用了国外页岩气的勘探及评价思路.通过研究指出,页岩油自身的特点决定了其勘探不能照搬国外的页岩气评价思路,将研究重点仅仅停留在有机碳含量上无法满足勘探需要,页岩油勘探的核心问题在于地层已生成的游离烃含量的评价.利用胜利油区第一口页岩密闭取芯井分析化验资料为基础,系统研究了孔隙度与单位含油体积以及含水体积之间的关系,发现了烃源岩中孔隙性越好,含油性越好的特点.利用孔隙度、含油饱和度等岩心分析数据推导出了反映泥质页岩游离烃含量的评价模型,并构建了基于实测的深侧向电阻率、孔隙度、有机质成熟度等参数的求取模型.利用页岩地层游离烃中有机碳含量和总有机碳含量对比可以直观反映地层中游离烃含量的垂向变化规律,指示页岩层段的有利油气区段.以胜利油田沾化凹陷罗家地区罗69井实验分析资料为例,对模型的参数求取及效果分析进行了阐述,构建的地层有机质成熟度模型及游离烃中有机碳含量均精度较高,在此基础上,通过游离烃有机碳含量绝对值、以及游离烃中有机碳含量与地层有机碳含量的比值实现了对页岩油地层可动油气富集带的指示,可动油气相对富集的层段即为页岩油地层的勘探目标.该思路可为目前的陆相页岩油勘探提供借鉴和参考.

In the central deeply-depressed area of Biyang sag in Nanxiang Basin,the organic shale was developed in semideep-deep lacustrine facies which were deposited in freshwater-saltwater environments.The lacustrine shale had various kinds of complex lithofacies,and changed quickly.Totally,it could be divided into argillaceous siltstone,silty shale,aphanitic calcareous shale,recrystallization calcareous shale and dolomitic shale.They were rich in organic matter,and offered a favorable material basis for continental shale oil.Biyang sag shale extended widely in large thickness,high content of organic matters and better organic matter types,appropriate thermal evolution degree,high brittleness mineral content and petroliferous properties.Recent studies made it clear that Biyang sag had favorable formation conditions for shale oil.On this basis,the shale oil exploration and development technology were developed,including petrology analysis technology,geological multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation technology and the favorable zone evaluation technology.Moreover,the main controlling factors on the shale oil accumulation were determined and target area was predicted.The above research indicated that China's continental shale oil exploration had made significant breakthrough and demonstrated good exploration and development prospects of continental shale oil in China.

In order to thoroughly study the gas-water relationship at gas fields,we introduced the theoretical method of Steve hydrochemical facies to identify the differences of chemical properties of water in different strata.We collected water quality analysis data of more than 4000samples from different strata with oil-bearing structures in the Sichuan Basin.These data were used to build the standard section of Steve hydrochemical facies for the formation water in the upper Cretaceous Guankou Formation-Middle Triasic Leikoupo Formation in the study area.These standard sections were successfully applied to determine the origin of fluids in each structure.The hydrochemical facies of the formation water in the Penglaizhen Formation gas reservoir in the Xinchang and Luodai areas can not be correlated with those of the same strata in other areas.However,they are similar to those of the underlying Xujiahe Formation.This indicates that the deep-sourced gas possibly have migrated vertically upward along fractures and contributed to gas accumulation in the Penglaizhen gas reservoir in the western Sichuan Basin.The evolution characteristics of formation water are closely related to hydrocarbon accumulation,thus hydrochemical facies can be used as an indicator of gas reservoirs in future exploration and development.The formation water in some wells produced from the Penglaizhen gas reservoirs show some similar features in hydrochemical facies like that in the deep carbonate reservoirs(the Leikoupo Formation),which indicates that the deep carbonate as source rocks have contributed to gas accumulation in the shallow reservoirs.

Tuo82 extra-heavy oil block with high porosity and medium-high permeability reservoir,located in Wangzhuang Oilfield,is a stratified extra-heavy oil reservoir,controlled by structure and lithology,with strong water sensitivity.Sand production is universal in oil well,which creates a series of serious problems for oil production.Based on the study of sand production laws and reasons in oil well of Tuo82 extra-heavy oil block,two-step restraining wire-wrapped liner method is optimized to prevent the sand production.Study result shows that the steam stimulation is the main reason of sand production,with sand prevention means being poor.The improved two-step restraining wire-wrapped liner method can improve the sand prevention effect of immediate vicinity of wellbore,and can prevent the sand production in annulus space,which improves the development of extra-heavy oil block.

Seismic sedimentology is an emerging interdisciplinary subject that studies sedimentary rocks with seismic data.It is the current hot spot of international sedimentology study,and is an effective tool for mapping high-frequency sequence and depositional systems.It plays an important role in the exploration and production of thin sandstone reservoirs.There are abundant quality seismic data in Biyang Sag which features in underde-veloped faults but highly developed slump turbidite fans.The Hetaoyuan Formation in Biyang Sag is divided into five third-order and eight fourth-order sequences on the basis of the fundamental principles of seismic sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy.Seismic lithology study and seismic geomorphology study within high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework are performed through 90-degree phasing convention,frequency division processing,stratal slicing,and core calibration.It is confirmed that multiple provenances contributed to the development of the braided river delta-slump turbidite fan depositional system in the Hetaoyuan Formation,and the development of slump turbidite fans was controlled by the braided river delta.The geometry and distribution of slump turbidite fan sandbodies and their relation with oil and gas are defined.It is pointed out that SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4 are favorable plays of lithologic traps,and the sandbodies of delta front and turbidite fan are favorable exploration targets.

大牛地气田风化壳地层以海相沉积碳酸盐岩为主,岩性类型复杂,有白云岩、灰岩、泥云岩、泥灰岩、云质灰岩、灰质云岩等多种类型,地层岩性识别难度较大,在工作中利用孔隙度测井曲线,使用求标准岩性骨架值、求Pe (U)值、各种岩性交会图技术等测井方法来确定大牛地气田碳酸岩地层的岩性,能够真实地反映地下地层岩性特征。同时利用测井资料识别地层岩性能够为地质研究提供具有较高精度的岩性资料。

Solidification is one of the most popular methods for chromium-contaminated drilling mud treatment.The article described the solidification method and its influencing factors for the waste mud treatment in the west of Sichuan Province.In the experiments cement,lime,aluminum chloride polymer and sodium silicate were selected as the solidification reagents.The ratio of the mixtures,mixing procedure,solidification time and pH value were considered as the main factors controlling the solidification effect.The orthogonal experimental results showed that the optional method for drilling mud solidification might be adjusting the mud water content to 46%,then adding cement,lime,aluminum chloride polymer and sodium silicate with a ratio of 10%,1%,3% and 0.5% respectively with 72 hours solidification.The leaching test revealed that this solidification methods can remove 93% Cr(Ⅵ)and 95% total Cr from the mud compared with the untreated,which meets the standard of GB/T14848-9 and GB5085.3-1996.