L-aspartate nano-calcium is a nanoscale amino acid chelated calcium that has been widely used as a human calcium nutrient enhancer. However, its role in the field of botany remains to be fully elucidated. This study is the first to investigate the use of L-aspartate nano-calcium as a calcium source for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). In this study, two tobacco plant varieties for cigars, a potassium-efficient and a potassium-inefficient variety, were cultivated using a conventional source of calcium (nitrate), alongside a range of concentration gradients of L-aspartate nano-calcium (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg L-1). The impact of L-aspartate nano-calcium on the growth of cigar varieties with varying potassium efficiency types was examined in terms of morphology, physiology, and potassium absorption and utilization. Furthermore, an EW-TOPSIS coupling model was established. The results of the multi-objective decision-making and evaluation process, conducted using the EW-TOPSIS method, indicate that L-aspartate nano-calcium can serve as a novel calcium source for maintaining the growth of cigar varieties. Additionally, the findings suggest that a concentration of 150 mg L-1 L-aspartate nano-calcium is the most beneficial for the potassium development and utilization and is applicable to both the potassium-efficient variety and the potassium-inefficient variety. The study provides a scientific basis for improving cigar varieties quality, enhancing potassium utilization efficiency and utilizing L-aspartate nano-calcium as a novel calcium supplement in botany.

Tobacco, being a globally cultivated crop, holds significant social and economic importance. Tobacco plants are susceptible to the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs), particularly cadmium (Cd), which hinders root development, disrupts water balance, and impedes nutrient absorption. Higher concentrations of HMs, especially Cd, naturally accumulate in tobacco leaves due to complex interactions within the plant–soil continuum. The uptake of Cd by plants from the soil is influenced by several factors, including soil type, pH, irrigation water quality, and the chemical composition of the metal involved. Different techniques, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation, have been employed to tackle the issue of HMs. The use of biochar offers a practical solution to mitigate this problem. With its large surface area and porous nature, biochar can effectively alleviate HMs contamination. Under biochar application, metal adsorption primarily occurs through physical adsorption, where metal ions are trapped within the pores of the biochar. Additionally, electrostatic attraction, in which negatively charged biochar surfaces attract positively charged metal ions, is another major mechanism of metal remediation facilitated by biochar. In this review, we documented, compiled, and interpreted novel and recent information on HMs stress on tobacco plants and explored biochar’s role in alleviating HMs toxicity. By providing a comprehensive review of the persistent threat posed by Cd to tobacco crops and exploring biochar’s potential as a remediation measure, this work aims to enhance our understanding of HMs stress in tobacco and contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural practices.

This study was aimed for high-quality planting and variety selection of cigar tobacco through the comparative analysis of the field growth adaptability and photosynthetic efficiency of cigar tobacco in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province. This study comprised eight cigar tobacco varieties, Chuanxue No. 3, QX200, QX206, Haiyan 101, QX103, QX201, QX100 and QX204. These varieties were compared using different botanical traits, agronomic traits, disease resistance, chlorophyll SPAD values and photosynthetic characteristics. Cultivar Chuanxue No. 3 had the highest chlorophyll SPAD value, disease resistance, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) compared to the other varieties used in the trial. Plant height, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width of Haiyan 101 cultivated under shade were significantly greater than those of the other varieties. Disease resistance, chlorophyll SPAD value and Pn were higherin Chuanxue No. 3. The disease resistance, chlorophyll SPAD value and Pn of QX103 and QX201 were next to those of Haiyan101. The leaf shape of all varieties was long or wide elliptical; all had no petioles, and the leaves were flat or stead; the inflorescence was dense and the plant type and leaf size of most of the varieties met the quality requirements of the cigar industry raw materials The study indicated that in terms of field growth adaptability and photosynthetic efficiency, cvs. Chuanxue No. 3, Haiyan 101, QX103 and QX201 performed better so they could be considered as the main planting varieties in Mianxian County, Shaanxi province. Of all varieties tested here, Haiyan 101 is more suitable for shaded planting as a cigar wrapper variety.

Potassium content is an important standard for measuring tobacco quality. However, research on the mechanism of low potassium tolerance in cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which differs from regular tobacco, did not draw researchers’ attention. This study evaluated the tolerance to low potassium of 23 cigar varieties by investigating 20 phenotypic and physiological indicators. Utilizing principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis, the research comprehensively identifies the tolerance of cigar tobacco varieties to low potassium. The results indicate that the tolerance to low potassium of cigar tobacco is complex and varies among different traits and varieties. The current study identified six crucial indicators for measuring tolerance to low potassium in cigar tobacco leaves, including plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf surface area, total root absorption area, and active root absorption area. Based on the comprehensive evaluation value D of the low potassium tolerance coefficient for these six indicators, the study classified the 23 cigar varieties into four categories: one low potassium-sensitive variety, five low potassium-low tolerance varieties, eleven low potassium-relative tolerant varieties, and six low potassium-tolerant varieties. These research outcomes significantly contribute to the elucidation of tolerance to low potassium in cigar tobacco, facilitating the evaluation, screening, and cultivation of cigar tobacco varieties resilient to low potassium conditions. Additionally, this study lays the foundation for exploring scientific issues such as how plants can effectively utilize potassium, the mechanism of potassium ions in plants, the improvement and development of cigar quality, the enhancement of potassium utilization efficiency, and conservation of limited potassium resources to ensure long-term potassium availability.

Light quality and gibberellins affect growth, development and morphogenesis of plants. In order to improve the quality of tobacco seedlings under greenhouse conditions, the influence of different light sources and their interaction with foliar-applied gibberellic acid (GA3) on key growth and metabolic parameters in tobacco were examined. Light sources included white, red and blue lights while GA3 was applied in three concentrations, i.e., 0, 50 and 100 mg L-1. The survival rate of the seedlings was observed after transplanting. Morphological parameters like plant height, stalk diameter, and length, width and number of leaves increased maximally with higher concentration of GA3 under all three light regimes, however, light sources did not show any visible difference. Further, root vitality, chlorophyll content and the activities amylase and nitrate reductase increased significantly due to GA3 application and achieved highest values with blue light + 100 mg L-1 GA3. Supplementation of red and blue light along with foliar application of GA3 significantly increased the growth parameters including seedling height, stem diameter, root-shoot ratio, leaf length and root vitality. The contents of carbon metabolites including starch, soluble sugars, and reducing sugars improved significantly in plants grown under red and blue lights in combination with foliar application of GA3. The results of the present study depict that growing tobacco under blue light and the application GA3 is beneficial in terms of achieving increased growth, root characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seedlings.

为分离筛选对烟草赤星病有良好防效的拮抗菌,以烟草赤星病链格孢菌为靶菌,从蚯蚓粪中经初筛和复筛获得拮抗菌,通过形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA分析鉴定拮抗菌种类,并对烟草赤星病的防治效果进行了研究.结果表明,筛选出一株拮抗菌Q96,初筛和复筛的抑菌率均超过60％,经鉴定为副地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus paralicheniformis),其活菌液(稀释10倍)对孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制率分别为73.33％和79.68％,粗发酵液离体防效可达60.04％.Q96菌株可作为抗烟草赤星病生防菌剂的菌种资源.

Drought is a global problem limiting plant growth and productivity by hampering the physiological and biochemical processes. Acetylcholine (ACh), a potential neurotransmitter found in lower and higher plants, has the potential to promote growth. However, little is known about ACh-mediated physiological and biochemical changes that promote plants’ growth under drought stress conditions. Current experiments were undertaken to assess the effect of ACh (0.01 and 0.1 mM ACh) supplementation on the growth performance of tobacco under drought stress (10%, PEG 6000). The current findings exhibit that drought stress substantially reduced the physiological and biochemical parameters. However, the ACh application enhanced the growth and biomass of tobacco plants. Moreover, ACh application significantly enhanced the activity of PSII and chlorophyll fluorescence under normal and drought stress treatment, respectively. Furthermore, PEG treatment increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage; however, ACh application reduced H2O2, O2− and lipid peroxidation. In addition, exogenous application of ACh improved plant water status by improving the accumulation of proline and regulating the stomatal opening and closing. Besides, ACh-induced amelioration of oxidative stress was related to the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, POD, CAT, and APX. Hence, it can be concluded that ACh treatment improved photosynthesis in tobacco by regulating the stomatal and non-stomatal factors and up-regulation of the antioxidant system.

Flue-cured tobacco is not only a kind of economic crop, but it can also be used as a special unconventional functional feed additive, which plays an important role in animal health care. In the current study, we examined how vermicompost could promote root growth of flue-cured tobacco plants by regulating soil physical-chemical characteristics. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of vermicompos (CK: 0%, T1: 5%, T2:10%, T3: 20%, T4: 50%, T5: 100%) on soil chemical and physical properties, root growth and physiological characteristics of fluecured tobacco. Results showed that with increase in vermicompost dose, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM) content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content, and contents of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) including total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP) and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) increased in the tobacco planting soil, which resulted in increases in root length, fresh weight and volume of flue-cured tobacco plants. With increase in vermicompost does in soil, the root activity and nicotine content first showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. All vermicompost treatments increased the plant hormonal balance i.e. ratio of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to abscisic acid (ABA) in flue-cured tobacco roots. High IAA/ABA ratio was found in the tobacco plants supplied with 5% vermicompost (T1), followed by T5 (100%) treatment. The findings showed that CEC and contents of SOM, MBC, MBN and GRSP could better reflect the effect of vermicompost on soil quality as appraised with the principal component analysis. The vermicompost treatment, i.e.T5 (100%), was the best treatment, followed by T4 (50%), T3 (20%), and T2(10%) treatments. Such improvements by applying appropriate amount of vermicompost were associated with improvement in soil fertility and structure as well as IAA/ABA hormonal regulation, cellular activity, nitrogen and carbon metabolisms in the roots of flue-cured tobacco.

[目的]为明确乙酰胆碱对盐胁迫下植物生理的影响.[方法]以烟草细胞为试验材料,观察了乙酰胆碱对盐胁迫下细胞和细胞核的形态,测定了烟草悬浮细胞端粒酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛含量以及抗氧化酶类(SOD、CAT、POD)活性.[结果]在50 mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,烟草悬浮细胞畸形增多,细胞核变形,DNA浓缩受损,细胞内端粒酶活性显著下降.同时,细胞内的MDA含量显著增加,细胞内膜系统受损严重;细胞内可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量降低、抗氧化酶类受损,活性降低.10μmol/L乙酰胆碱处理,细胞内脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,增强细胞的渗透调节能力;乙酰胆碱能减少MDA的含量,显著提高细胞中SOD、POD、CAT酶活性,增强细胞的抗氧化能力.[结论]为研究乙酰胆碱提高植物的耐盐性机理提供一定依据.

Drought is a major environmental threat limiting worldwide crop production. Drought stress affects the tobacco quality and yield; therefore, the current research studies were undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under drought stress on morphological and biochemical attributes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. variety Yunyan 87). AMF-inoculated and AMF-non-inoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse and irrigated with a half-strength Hoagland solution (100 mL pot(-1)) once a week. At harvesting, the plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights, mycorrhizal colonization, and concentration of leaf photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rate were measured. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the principal component (PCA) analyses. The effect of root colonization significantly increased biomass production and essential oil accumulation. Results showed that drought at mild and severe stressed levels significantly affected tobacco growth by decreasing plant height, biomass, and a number of leaves. However, inoculation of AMF considerably increased plant height, fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll (a, b), total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content by 43.84, 40.87 and 49.76, 185.29, 325.60, 173.12, and 211.49%, respectively. Compared with non-inoculated plants, AMF inoculation significantly enhanced the essential oil yield and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the increase of 257.36, 102.71, and 90.76, 62.32, and 84.51%, respectively, in mild drought + AMF-treated plants. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymatic activity, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), and accumulation of phenols and flavonoids and osmolytes content were also significantly improved in inoculated plants under drought stress. Additionally, AMF inoculation significantly upregulated the lipoxygenase (LOX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzymes by 197 and 298.44% under drought conditions. These findings depicted that the symbiotic association of AMF improved the overall growth pattern and secondary metabolism in tobacco plants under severe drought stress conditions and may be used as an approaching source of important drugs in the field of pharmacology.

通过检测和分析烟叶化学成分,探讨陕西秦巴烤烟品质状况,为选择优良品种和配套技术改善烟叶质量提供依据.于2012-2017年,从陕西秦巴烟区重点植烟县采集了197个烤烟样品,对烤烟烟碱、总氮、还原糖、总糖、钾、氯和淀粉等7个化学成分指标的含量分布特征进行了分析.结果表明,氯和淀粉的变异系数远高于其他成分.由偏度值可看出,秦巴烟叶中各化学成分频率分布基本上属于左偏型.不同年份之间的各指标均差异显著,其中2012年各指标明显高于其他年份.总氮、还原糖以及钾含量、氮碱比在不同品种之间差异显著,其中云烟97的钾含量为2.21％,还原糖含量为24.54％,均显著高于其他四个品种.总氮、还原糖、总糖、钾、两糖比在不同地区之间显著差异.不同部位烟碱、氮、总糖、钾含量差异显著.烟碱、总氮、还原糖、总糖、钾在烟叶中的浓度符合正态分布;氮碱比、糖碱比符合对数正态分布.烟碱、总氮、还原糖、钾在烤烟中符合国际型优质烟的概率为80.96％、91.27％、16.01％、75.84％.总体而言,陕西省秦巴烟区整体质量较好,尤其是烟碱和总氮的含量较为符合国际型优质烟标准,云烟97的化学成分协调性优于其他品种,根据不同烟区和不同部位烟叶的烟叶化学成分分布特征,采取技术措施进一步提高其协调性.