Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, pose significant threats to the environment and human health due to their high volatility and biological toxicity. Traditional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are primarily microporous, and their trade-off between adsorption capacity and molecular transport efficiency has driven development of more advanced material systems. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) doped metal-organic framework gels (MOGs) based on UiO-66 were developed, leveraging the synergistic modification effect of GO. The it-conjugated structure of GO enhanced it-it interactions with toluene molecules, while its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups facilitated competitive coordination with metal nodes, leading to exposure of additional Lewis acid sites and thereby enhancing metal-it interactions. Experimental results demonstrated that UG-1 with a mass ratio of GO to ZrCl4 at 1 : 100 exhibited a breakthrough adsorption capacity of 77.4 mg/g in dynamic adsorption experiments and a saturated capacity of up to 1245.5 mg/g in static tests, outperforming both UiO66 MOF and UiO66 MOG materials. In conclusion, this study elucidates multiple regulatory mechanisms of GO incorporation in modulating pore structure and host-guest interactions, providing a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for designing efficient and recyclable VOC adsorbents.

This work proposes a 3D Stackable 1T2C DRAM architecture for high-density memory applications. Unlike conventional 1T1C DRAM with large lateral storage capacitors, the proposed structure integrates capacitors along the sidewalls of the vertically stacked cells. The device is implemented with a NAND-like process flow based on alternating metal/insulator stacks, lateral replacement, and a vertical common bit-line connection, enabling compact multilayer integration. An amorphous oxide semiconductor channel is employed to suppress off-state leakage. TCAD simulations verify the write, hold, and read operations of the proposed cell. A bit-line sensing margin exceeding 350 mV and retention time exceeding 100 s is obtained with a bit-line load capacitance of 10 fF. In addition, a two-layer stacked cell simulation demonstrates independent write and read operations without observable crosstalk. With hexagonal close packing, the projected storage density can reach 0.024 Gb/mm2 per layer. These results indicate that the proposed 3D 1T2C DRAM is a promising candidate for high-density memory.

To realize reliable HfO2-based ferroelectric memories, overcoming endurance degradation remains a critical challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a highly reliable HfO2-based ferroelectric capacitor by integrating a low-temperature (LT) deposited top-ZrO(2)interfacial layer into a ZrO2/HZO superlattice (SL). The engineered SL exhibits stable polarization switching, delivering 2Pr of 27 mu C/cm(2) at 2.5 MV/cm and sustaining over 1011 cycles with virtually no wake-up or fatigue effects ( Delta 2 Pr <3 mu C/c (2)) . Reliability analyses further reveal a 28% improvement in the projected 10-year operating voltage (3.32 V). The LT-grown ZrO(2 )interfacial layer reduces the defect density within the ferroelectric stack, while the use of a W electrode effectively suppresses wake-up and fatigue behavior. This LT-deposited interfacial-layer approach offers a new strategy for realizing ferroelectric memories with long-term endurance and robust dielectric reliability.

Considering the severe threats posed by nanoplastics (NPs) to ecosystems and human well-beings, the development of efficient, sustainable, and environmentally benign removal technologies has become an urgent task. Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical structure of plant roots, this study fabricates a UiO-66 MOG/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)-chitosan (CS) composite aerogel (UiO-MFCCS) featuring bioinspired, well-aligned channels. This aerogel integrates a high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups (-OH and -NH2/-NH3+), while the UiO-66 MOG component provides numerous exposed and highly reactive active sites. Consequently, it demonstrates remarkable adsorption performance for polystyrene (PS) NPs, attaining a removal efficiency of 96.4% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 1507.1 mg/g, which outperforms many reported adsorbents for similar applications. The underlying adsorption mechanisms include hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, it-it stacking, and electrostatic interaction, which collectively enhance performance. UiOMFCCS maintains stable adsorption across a wide pH range and in the presence of various interfering ions, enabling effective capture of diverse NPs. Applied to real water samples, it retains a high removal efficiency of 96.1% after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles, underscoring strong sustainability and practical potential for complex aquatic environments. This study offers valuable insights for designing economical and efficient materials for NPs remediation.

This study was conducted to investigate cerebrospinal fluid neurobiomarker levels in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment and their correlation with clinical symptoms such as cognitive abilities, psychiatric symptoms, and self-care abilities. We collected data from 250 elderly patients suffering from cognitive impairment, with all participants being admitted to hospital. Neurobiomarker levels were tested by single-molecule immunoassay after cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained by lumbar puncture. Two trained neurologists jointly examined and questioned the rated patients, applying various scales. Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau181 not only affect elderly patients’ cognition but also are correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety), while α-synuclein (α-syn) is significantly associated with elderly patients’ mental status such as anxiety and depression. Meanwhile, self-care ability is affected by the multiplicity of multiple biomarkers such as p-tau181, α-syn, and t-tau/Aβ42. This study reveals the associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognitive, psychiatric, and self-care symptoms in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. Aβ, tau, and α-syn each have characteristic association patterns, providing biomarker references for clinical assessment. Longitudinal studies are still needed to verify causality and clinical translation value.

The discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films has positioned it as a leading material for next-generation nonvolatile memory. However, the integration of HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films into back-end-of-line (BEOL) processes remains challenging due to the high thermal budget required to stabilize the ferroelectric orthorhombic (O) phase. In this work, we achieve robust stabilization of the O-phase at a significantly reduced annealing temperature of 300 °C solely through oxygen vacancy engineering. We introduce a region-selective oxygen vacancy engineering strategy to form oxygen vacancy engineering layers (Vo-ELs) within Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films during atomic layer deposition (ALD). By delaying the introduction of the oxygen precursor, multiple cycles of metal precursors are deposited before a single oxidation step, creating well-defined Vo-ELs. These Vo-ELs induce a vertical gradient in the oxygen vacancy concentration, as confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). First-principles calculations further reveal that oxygen vacancies reduce the energy barrier for the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic (T-O) phase transition and enhance the thermodynamic stability of the ferroelectric O-phase. Utilizing this technique, we successfully realize low-temperature (300 °C) fabrication of HZO ferroelectric capacitors, which exhibit a high remanent polarization of 36.4 μC/cm2 and outstanding endurance exceeding 109 cycles. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of Vo-ELs in enabling low-thermal-budget, high-performance ferroelectric devices compatible with advanced BEOL integration.

Alkylphenols (APs), as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), pose potential threats to aquatic organisms and human health.

Micro/Nano plastics (MPs/NPs), as an emerging pollutant, have been widely found in aquatic environments. They not only threaten the safety of water resources for human beings but also have adverse effects on the entire ecosystem. This article investigates the removal capacity of various porous carbon materials derived from MOFs for NPs, with Co-NC-800 exhibiting advantages such as rapid attachment to NPs with time less than 10 min, ultra-high adsorption capacity of 1057 mg center dot g-1, rapid magnetic extractability with time below 2 min, and reusability after five cycles with removal efficiency of 100 %. The zeta potential of aggregates (Co-NC after adsorbing NPs) positively correlated with removal efficiency at different pH with R2 = 0.9644, indicating that electrostatic attraction plays a decisive role in adsorptions. The Pseudo-First-Order kinetic model fit well to demonstrate the ultra-fast NPs removal capacity of Co-NC-800. The Langmuir isotherm model was used to reflect the heterogeneous monolayer physical adsorption properties. The limited impact of competitive ions and successful removal of NPs in diverse water environments demonstrate the environmental suitability of Co-NC-800, meanwhile, its excellent reusability provide the possibility for its large-scale application.

In the field of photocatalysis, heterojunction engineering and crystal surface regulation have emerged as critical research areas, offering effective strategies to significantly enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor materials. However, the synergy between these two strategies in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been scarcely reported. In this study, a series of CQDs/Ni-BDC (BDC: terephthalic acid) hybrids were prepared by a simple one-step ultrasonic method. The result of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (pCO2RR) and control experiments revealed that 0.45 %CQDs/Ni-BDC exhibited the highest photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance among all as-prepared photocatalysts, with a 0.248 mmol center dot g-1 center dot h-1 CO evolution rate, a 1.338 mu mol center dot g-1 center dot h-1 CH4 evolution rate and a CO electron selectivity of 97.89 %. The CO yield rate of 0.45 %CQDs/Ni-BDC was 3.2 times higher than that of pure Ni-BDC. XRD results revealed that Ni-BDC predominantly exposed the (100) crystal facet after CQDs modification. PL and electrochemical tests demonstrated that the construction of the CQDs/Ni-BDC heterojunction was successfully prepared to facilitate efficient carrier separation and migration, leading to an increased photoelectron lifetime.

Metalloporphyrins, with their unique large conjugated planar structure, have attracted research attention in catalysis, energy, and biomedicine. However, studies of examining the effects of axial ligands on metal centers are limited. Herein, we introduced oxalic acid and p-phthalic acid (PTA) as axial ligands into tetraphenylporphyrin zirconium (Zr-TPP). Through structural modulation of axial ligands, the zirconium-based porphyrins effectively enhance the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers and also induce an increase in charge density at the metal center atoms. These modified structures efficiently enhanced their photocatalytic performance, achieving over 90% selectivity for CO2-to-CO conversion. Specifically, the CO production with Zr-TPP is 272.43 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), and it surpasses 336.5 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) with Zr-TPP-PTA. The photocatalytic mechanism responsible for reducing CO2 to CO is explored through density functional theory calculations. This work explores axial ligand-metal interactions in porphyrin complexes, revealing that different axial ligands can affect the electronic structure of materials and improve their photocatalytic performance, providing ideas for the regulation of metalloporphyrin-based photocatalysts.

In this paper, M-Al-PMOF (M = Na, K) composites were synthesized for the first time by incorporating alkali metals into Al-PMOFs. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to investigate the CO2 adsorption and photocatalytic reduction capabilities of the synthesized composites with different doping amounts and types of alkali metals. The results show that doping alkali metals into Al-PMOFs efficiently enhanced their CO2 adsorption by increasing the surface area and alkaline sites. Moreover, the modified materials exhibit improved light absorption, reduced band gap, and suppressed recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, leading to a significantly enhanced photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion efficiency. Notably, the 1-K-Al-PMOF sample showed a 45% increase in CO2 adsorption capacity compared to that of pristine Al-PMOF, along with a 6.6 times enhancement in the CO production yield. This work reveals that different amounts and types of doped alkali metals can improve their CO2 absorption and photocatalytic reduction properties, offering a perspective for designing and modifying MOFs.

The effective generation and transfer of the photoelectrons are pivotal to the performance of photocatalysts. Herein, a novel Ti-O-Mo bond-bridged phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)@MIL-125-NH2 composite was designed and synthesized for gas acetone photodegradation. PMA as a photoelectron reservoir was loaded in MIL-125NH2. The photogenerated electron transferred from the Ti8-oxo cluster of MIL-125-NH2 to PMA through the Ti-OMo bond configuration, which enhanced the photoelectrons storing ability of MIL-125-NH2. Stored photoelectrons in PMA were effectively separated and released as center dot O2- by reacting with oxygen, while the amount of hole increased simultaneously. These holes and center dot O2- oxidized acetone subsequently. For PMA@MIL-125-NH2, the degradation efficiency was 62 % for 400 ppm acetone, which was obviously higher than that of pristine MIL-125NH2 (45 % for 400 ppm acetone). Our results offered a promising method to improve the photogenerated carriers in metal-organic framework materials and improve their photocatalytic performance for VOCs degradation.

As emerging contaminants widely present in aquatic environments, micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) pose global environmental and biosafety concerns. The efficient removal of MPs/NPs faces challenges such as poor selectivity and low cyclic stability of traditional adsorbents. This study developed an in-situ synthesis strategy to integrate UIO-66 with melamine foam (MF), successfully constructing UIO-66/MF (UMF) composite that combined high adsorption capacity with excellent structural stability. The results showed that UMF achieved adsorption equilibrium for PS NPs within 300 min, with an adsorption capacity of 65.5 mg/g. Moreover, UMF maintained over 93 % and 82 % adsorption efficiency in a broad pH range (3-10) and under complex aqueous conditions, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that multiple synergistic interactions were involved in the adsorption process, including hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and cation-π interactions. Furthermore, we systematically disclosed the factors which led to the decreased adsorption efficiency in tap water and river water. Notably, UMF exhibited exceptional reusability, retaining higher than 81 % removal efficiency after 25 cycles. UMF effectively addresses the challenges of MOFs powders instability and recycling difficulties, achieving a balance between economy, sustainability, and practicality. This composite provides a promising solution for remediating MPs/NPs pollution in aqueous environments.

Constructing heterojunction structures is considered one of the effective methods to improve the activity of photocatalysts. A novel Z-Scheme heterojunction Fe-BDC/TiO2 was designed and synthesized by amorphous gel Fe-BDC and TiO2 nanoparticles with electrostatic self-assembly method. The introduction of Fe-BDC has been proved to expand the light absorption range and promote the separation and transfer of interface photo generated electrons and holes. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of acetaldehyde by 5% Fe-BDC/TiO2 sample is 2.3 times than that of pure TiO2 sample. And the reaction rate is 2.5 times than that of pure TiO2 sample. The free radical capture experiment shows that center dot O-2(-) played a more important role in the degradation of acetaldehyde. In addition, in situ infrared analysis further reveals the surface species of the photocatalysts during adsorption and degradation processes. The acetaldehyde degradation route of Fe-BDC/TiO2 has been speculated. '1These findings provide valuable references for the design of metal oxide semiconductor/Fe based MOF heterojunctions and the efficient degradation of aldehyde VOCs.

Rare-earth doped upconversion luminescence (UCL) is of great significance in improving the utilization of infrared (IR) light from solar radiation, especially in the efficiency enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, the low level of luminescence efficiency remains a great challenge. Here, we designed NaYF4:Yb3+/ Er3+/Tm3+@TiO2-CQDs upconversion luminescent materials. The construction of the core-shell structure and the loading of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) resulted in a 9-fold enhancement of upconversion luminescence and a 3.02% enhancement of the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. These data indicate that the construction of the core-shell structure can effectively inhibit the surface quenching of the luminescent particles, and that the energy transfer between the carbon quantum dots and the rare earth ions has a synergistic effect on the efficiency enhancement of the photovoltaic cell. Meanwhile, the TiO2 shell layer also enables the prepared materials to have better properties of self-cleaning and degradation of organic pollutants, which will further improve the visible light utilization of PV cells. NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+@TiO2-CQDs provides new ideas for the practical application of PV cell efficiency enhancement and the design of new materials.

The construction of non-noble metal electrodes for the catalytic reduction of CO2 has drawn much attention in recent years. Herein, a facile CoCu@C composite catalyst was synthesized by simply carbonizing CoCu-MOFs, a bimetal MOFs fabricated by integrating Cu2+ ions into the synthesis of ZIF-67. Co-Cu alloy nanoparticles were closely embedded in porous carbon skeleton. Notably, the optimal Co1Cu3@C sample exhibited a total catalytic current of 29.8 mA center dot cm(-2) at 0.7 V vs RHE, which was 2.56 times of the Co@C catalyst derived from original ZIF-67. Besides, the Co1Cu3@C sample achieved targeted CO:H-2 ratios in the CO2 reduction reactions, covering approximately 1:1.7-1:4, meeting well with industrial needs. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations unveiled an electron migration from Co to Cu within the alloy, indicating the promoted transfer of electrons. Co atoms in Co-Cu alloy was found as the predominant active sites for the reduction of CO2. The study provided a economical CO2 reduction electrocatalyst with cheap feedstock, low operating voltage and specific ratio of syngas. Additionally, this work significantly advances our understanding of Co-Cu alloy electrocatalysts, providing crucial insights for the ongoing evolution of electrocatalyst research in material preparation and theoretical calculations.

Electro-resistance (ER) plays a crucial role in the application of hafnia-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs), pivotal devices widely acknowledge for their potential in non-volatile memory and neuromorphic networks. Leveraging atomic layer deposition (ALD) enhances the flexibility in fabricating bilayer FTJs by combining a ferroelectric layer with another oxide layer. Introducing additional layers is necessary to achieve a sufficient storage window for implementing intriguing functions, albeit at the risk of increased depolarization field strength. Hence, selecting a suitable inserted layer becomes paramount. In this study, a novel strategy to enhance the performance of Ge-based Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 FTJs is presented by incorporating bottom interfacial layers (ILs) with distinct band energy characteristics. The optimized FTJs exhibit significantly improved endurance, lower coercive voltage, and enhanced retention properties. Notably, an intriguing asymmetric retention behavior driven by the imprint field (E-imp) is observed, which can be mitigated by integrating TiO2 ILs. Most importantly, an effective method to manipulate depolarization behavior in hafnia-based devices through ILs is introduced, leading to enhanced non-volatility and synaptic behavior in FTJs.

A series of naphthalimide dyes (TRNATR, MOTNAMOT, MPNAMP, TYNATY, PNAP and IZNAIZ) were designed and synthesized by altering the side chains of the naphthalimide. Without the need for ER-targeting groups, the first five dyes were found to specifically target the ER, likely due to their well-suited lipophilic properties. Furthermore, TRNATR and TYNATY were proven effective for studying ER stress, showing promise in tracking ER autophagy in living cells triggered by tunicamycin and nutritional starvation.

AbstractActin homeostasis is fundamental for cell structure and consumes a large portion of cellular ATP. It has been documented in the literature that certain glycolytic enzymes can interact with actin, indicating an intricate interplay between the cytoskeleton and cellular metabolism. Here we report that hyperosmotic stress triggers actin severing and subsequent phase separation of the actin-binding protein TPM4. TPM4 condensates glycolytic enzymes such as HK2, PFKM, and PKM2, and adhere to and wrap around actin filaments. Notably, the condensates of TPM4 and glycolytic enzymes are enriched of NADH and ATP, suggestive of their functional importance in cell metabolism. At cellular level, actin filaments assembly is enhanced upon hyperosmotic stress and TPM4 condensation, while depletion of TPM4 impaired osmolarity-induced actin reorganization. At tissue level, co-localized condensates of TPM4 and glycolytic enzymes are observed in renal tissues subjected to hyperosmotic stress. Together, our findings suggest that stress-induced actin perturbation may act on TPM4 to organize glycolytic hubs that tether energy production to cytoskeletal reorganization.Graphical Abstract

The Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO)-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) synapse is a promising candidate for at-scale deep neural network (DNN) applications, because of its high symmetry, great accuracy and fast operation speed. However, the degradation of the remanent polarization (P-r) over time caused by the depolarization field has not been effectively resolved, greatly affecting the accuracy of the trained DNN. In this study, we demonstrate a ferroelectric (FE)-resistive switching (RS) switchable synapse using the FE mode for high-speed weight training and the RS mode for stable weight storage to overcome accuracy degradation. The FE-RS hybrid characteristic is accomplished by an HZO-based metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor with asymmetric electrodes, and the best FE endurance, as well as the most reliable RS behavior, is demonstrated by testing several electrodes materials. High memory windows are achieved in both FE and RS modes. Through this design, excellent accuracy is maintained over time, as verified by network simulation.