It was established that percentage of complementary milk was not significantly correlated with stage of lactation (r = −0.05).

Data collected on 62 cows of Holstein and Jersey breeding were analyzed to determine how well the inherent capacity of an animal to produce milk can be estimated from percentage of complementary milk and other variables related to production.

Passive immunization of the newborn ungulate by maternal antibodies via the mammary secretions has been the subject of many detailed studies in the scientific literature (3, 6, 7, 12). Our present understanding reflects the views developed in 1922 by the group of investigators at the Rockefeller Institute: Smith and Little (13), Orcutt and Howe (8), and Smith, Orcutt and Little (14). The essential point, namely that colostrum has especial properties as distinct from normal milk, was actually developed earlier by Famulener (4) in 1912, who remarked on the high concentration of immune bodies in the early milk. In more recent studies, the delineation of the overwhelming importance of colostrum to the calf was systematized by Aschaffenberg et al (1) in 1952. Sabin and Fieldstiel (10) demonstrated in 1962 the antipoliomyelitic properties of human and bovine colostrum and milk, and concluded that the antipoliomyelitic factor in both these agents was, in all probability, antibody. In this communication a series of observations are detailed which involve the presence of colostral antibodies through a spectrum of common and important bovine antigens. Relationships of the utmost complexity between the bacterial pathogens of the bovine herd and the disease incidence caused by them is indicated by these rather preliminary and survey type of data. The work re-

Sixteen cows were used in a series of experiments to test dose, route and frequency responses in the production of milk and serum agglutinins to a spectrum of 9 proven bovine pathogens. The bacterial species were: Pasteurella multocida (2 isolates), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Salmonella enteriditis, and Aerobacter aerogenes. Primary immunizations were made either through the teat canal or intramuscularly. "Booster" injections were made through the teat canal. Agglutinins in the blood appeared only after a week or more. In the milk, titers were recorded in 1 or 2 days following primary immunization. Variation of titer in the blood and milk was somewhat independent. In all but 1 cow, antibody was produced against each organism in milk and blood serum. Udder inflammation was observed in the experiments when a 15-day interval separated immunizations. Inflammation was minimal in the experiments employing the 7-day interval of immunization. A positive Whiteside test was observed following most injections, even where no other clinical signs of reaction were seen. The findings are discussed in relation to the previous literature.