To accelerate achieving carbon neutrality, the promotion of low-carbon development in the manufacturing industry has been facilitated by the government’s implementation of policies such as carbon taxation and carbon emissions trading. These measures have been put in place to reduce carbon emissions and enhance sustainability within the manufacturing sector. Remanufacturing is an important direction for the low-carbon transformation of enterprises, and improving remanufactured product quality is crucial to the sustainability of remanufacturing enterprises. To elucidate the influence of policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions on the quality of remanufactured products, we developed a game model involving three key players: the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the remanufacturer (IR), and retailers. This model was constructed based on the heterogeneous consumer demand for both new and remanufactured products. The study delved into the effects of various governmental policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions on the quality-related decisions made by remanufacturing enterprises. Our primary focus was on the implementation of two specific policies: a high-level carbon taxation policy and a carbon trading policy characterized by elevated carbon pricing. These policies create a favorable environment for remanufacturers (IR) to enhance the quality of their products. The sales of remanufactured products are influenced by the purchasing preferences of consumers, and carbon reduction policies can be effective in reducing the total environmental impact of manufacturing. Carbon trading policy is most conducive to environmental protection and achieves a win–win situation for economic and environmental benefits for OEMs and IRs when the carbon tax per unit is compared with the carbon trading price. Hence, this situation is favorable for the sustainable growth of existing remanufacturing businesses. Consequently, the government’s requirement for subsidies to enhance the quality of remanufactured products and boost the competitiveness of IRs in the market becomes less pronounced.

Remanufacturing industry is an important measure to promote resource recycling and sustainable development under Carbon neutralization. To achieve this, addressing the shortcomings of previous uniform subsidies for such products, quality grading unequal subsidy method of the government is proposed. This means providing different subsidy amounts for remanufactured products of varying quality grades, thereby incentivizing remanufacturing enterprises to continuously improve product quality and expand market demand. By investigating the impact of subsidy amounts and differences on the cost, quality, and demand of remanufactured products, as well as the profits of remanufacturing enterprises and sellers, and comparing them with traditional uniform subsidies, the results indicated that correctly adjusting subsidy amounts and differences based on quality grades can effectively stimulate the production and sale of high-quality remanufactured products by enterprises and sellers, while uniform subsidies have an opposite effect. Therefore, this study not only provides an effective method for governments to accurately subsidize, filling the gap in theoretical research, but also offers robust support for high-quality development of the remanufacturing industry, and is of great significance to sustainable development.

Accurately assessing carbon emissions from recycling scrap steel is essential for reducing emissions in the steel industry, especially in China, the world’s largest crude steel producer. In this study, a carbon emission reduction index was introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of recycling scrap steel in reducing emissions. The index considers the three processes used in scrap steel recycling: blast furnace ironmaking, converter steelmaking, and electric arc furnace steelmaking. This study developed an evaluation model using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and iterative cluster analysis to determine the reduction of carbon emission. From a life cycle perspective, this study identified primary factors contributing to emissions, including fuel, raw materials, electric energy, and auxiliary materials. Then, the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling was developed by examining the production of one ton of steel and each additional ton of scrap steel, which can provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of scrap recycling. Finally, the study forecasts the future Carbon Emission Reduction Index for steel scrap recycling. The study indicates an increase in the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling prior to 2017, followed by a decrease about 11.8% from 2017 to 2018 and increases from 2018 to 2021. Finally, it dropped by 8.7% per cent in 2022. Similarly, the carbon emission reduction index for electric furnace steelmaking increased prior to 2019, then subsequently decreased. It is changing by ten per cent a year. Additionally, the scrap recycling index experienced a significant decrease of 90% in 2015, followed by a gradual increase until 2017 and then a consistent decrease every year thereafter. The index suddenly rose in 2021 and then decreased change for policy reasons. The forecast results suggest a gradual increase in the carbon emission reduction index per ton of steel scrap in the future. In conclusion, the practicable modeling methodology has the ability to assist government organizations and private enterprises in devising efficient green and low-carbon development tactics.

Compared to the original product, the quality of remanufactured products has higher uncertainty, resulting in lower customer purchase willingness and market acceptance. It has been considered as a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the remanufacturing industry. In response, this study aims to propose strategies that can enhance the quality of remanufactured goods, thereby stimulating consumer demand and fostering the growth of the remanufacturing sector. To achieve this objective, a two -stage model incorporating the original manufacturer, remanufacturer, and retailer was formulated, with a particular emphasis on carbon -neutral objectives. The study explores the impact of the government's dual policy, encompassing cap -and -trade mechanisms and subsidies, on the quality -linked strategies adopted by remanufacturing enterprises. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of different government subsidy approaches, considering scenarios without subsidies, subsidies to consumers, and subsidies to enterprises, all contingent on carbon emissions from enterprises. The findings of our analysis revealed that, under carbon emission limits, an increase in the government subsidy coefficient linked to carbon emissions effectively heightens consumers' willingness to purchase remanufactured products. This, in turn, leads to an improvement in the overall quality of remanufactured goods and an expansion of the remanufacturing industry. Notably, the impact of combining government subsidies with carbon allowance trading varies, with subsidies proving more advantageous for improving the economic and environmental efficiency of the manufacturing process as well as enhancing consumer surplus and social welfare within the industry under specific conditions of subsidy amounts and carbon emissions. The proposed model's validity and reliability were affirmed through arithmetic simulations. In conclusion, this study presents a novel strategy aimed at improving the quality of remanufactured goods, fostering customer purchase intention, and generating a combination of economic, environmental, and social benefits for enterprises. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the development of low -carbon legislation, serving as a guide for policymakers in the quest for sustainable manufacturing practices.

Remanufacturing is one of the most effective ways to deal with the current global waste crisis; moreover, it can improve the production and resource efficiency of remanufacturing, which is an urgent need for global sustainable development. Therefore, in this study, a data-driven intelligent control system is proposed to improve the production and resource efficiency of remanufacturing assembly systems. An optimization model of the reassembly scheme is constructed to minimize quality loss and comprehensive cost. Then, based on the data acquisition and processing technology, the remanufacturing parts are measured, grouped, and coded, and the dimensional chain calculated. Then, a control method, which is a real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation response to abnormal quality, is proposed to achieve intelligent control of the remanufacturing assembly process. Moreover, some data-driven technologies of intelligent control systems that include information perception and fusion technology and real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation architecture are researched and implemented. Lastly, the intelligent control prototype system is used in a remanufacturing engine assembly workshop. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the data-driven intelligent control system in remanufacturing assembly is effective, thus providing a method and technical support for production and resource efficiency in reassembly systems.

The integration of information technologies with the industry has marked the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and has promoted the development of industrial engineering [...]

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), many EV batteries have entered the retirement stage, leading to increasing concerns about the impact of resource recycling and environmental sustainability. Some countries have successfully applied reward–penalty and deposit–refund mechanisms in similar fields, such as lead-acid and waste portable batteries. However, whether these mechanisms are conducive to collecting waste EV batteries is unclear. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of reward–penalty and deposit–refund mechanisms in EV battery collection by developing a Stackelberg game theoretical model. In the model, the recycling enterprise is the leader and the EV manufacturer is the follower. Furthermore, the total social welfare is used as the indicator to select the optimal incentive mechanisms. The results show that (1) both mechanisms could improve collection rates and recycling enterprises’ profits, though the collection rate is lower under the reward–penalty mechanism than the deposit–refund mechanism unless the reward/penalty coefficient takes a very high value. (2) Regardless of government focus on increasing the sales volume of new EV batteries, collection rates, or social welfare, the boundary conditions of the choice of the two mechanisms are obtained. Additionally, the boundary conditions are related to the trade-in discount and refund coefficient. (3) Under the deposit–refund mechanism, even if the refund coefficient is less than 1, the mechanism may still lead to a higher collection rate than the reward–penalty mechanism.

To analyze the impact of government carbon tax and subsidy policies on the manufac turing industry in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This paper constructs a game model based on two government policies: a “carbon tax” policy for the original product and a “subsidy” policy for the remanufactured product, taking the original product and the remanufactured product as the objects. The policy game model is used to study the impact of carbon taxes, government subsidies, and carbon emissions on product quality, sales, and corporate profits. The results show that under the carbon tax and government subsidy policies, the price of remanufactured products will decrease, the quality will increase, sales will improve, and remanufacturers’ profits will increase; these outcomes are conducive to the development of remanufacturing enterprises. Meanwhile, the price of original products will increase, quality will decrease, sales will decline, and original equipment manufacturers will have to develop and adopt low-carbon technologies to achieve sustainable development. This paper provides decision support for the formulation of government carbon emission policy, and theories and methods for the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry.

依托平台的协作配送问题,在合理时间内有效计算公平成本分摊方案至关重要.核仁解是公认的公平分摊方案,但需要通过复杂的优化计算.提出了一个能通过公式近似快速计算核仁解的方法,发现任意满足总体理性分摊方案x的2n-1(n为大联盟N中成员数)个子联盟S(S为N的子集)的满意度e(S,x)之和为常数,且不同x对应的任意子联盟S与互补联盟N\S的满意度之和,即LS=e(S,x)+e(N\S,x)为常数.基于子联盟满意度越均衡,分配方案越合理的准则,构造了分配方案x对应的所有子联盟满意度均衡量化函数f(x)=∑[e(S,x)-0.5LS]2.显然,f越小表示子联盟满意度越均衡.证明了存在分配方案x*使f取到极小值,且x*满足总体理性、唯一性、可加性、策略等价相对不变性、一致性、匿名性和可比性等众多分摊方案合理属性.最后,采用文章所提方法和核仁解求解方法,计算了诸多已有文献中的成本分摊算例,求解结果表明文章提出的方法计算速度比传统核仁解求解方法快数万倍以上,与最新求解核仁解及Shapley值的有效算法相比也具有明显的性能优势,且求解结果与核仁解的结果平均偏差只有5％左右.更重要的是,提出的新方法本身具有科学内涵,可以应用于任何支付可转移的合作博弈成本分摊问题.

Hazardous waste management (HWM) in chemical industrial parks is an important issue related to sustainable development. Previous researches concentrations on HWM have been transferred from technologies, economic, and ecological benefits to social relations because the coordination and cooperation among different stakeholders determine the efficiency of HWM. To analyze stakeholder coordination in HWM, this paper employed a mixed-method combined with stakeholder analysis(SA) and social network analysis(SNA), for analyzing interests, powers, attitudes, knowledge of different stakeholders, and the characteristics, power quantification of the stakeholders' coordination network, by chosen Shanghai Hangzhou bay economic and technical development park(SHDP) as a case study area. In hazardous waste management, governmental supervision has enough interest but less power and with the complete knowledge on, third-party supervision has a medium interest but less knowledge to support their supervision, firms have the lowest power but interest, waste treatment and disposal company have most power and interest but limited knowledge. NGOs, research institutes and media have interest and knowledge but less power. Most stakeholders have positive attitude. We also find that local supervisions play an important role in stakeholder coordination, and NGOs and research institutes have the most potential to push stakeholder coordination by improving information exchange. Therefore, policy recommendations are proposed, including the establishment of communication mechanisms, the adoption of hazardous treatment regulations and economic instruments, the application of a platform for information exchange, and the encouragement of stakeholders’ engagement and public participation.

Due to environmental and social issues caused by unauthorized processing of recyclables, waste merchants, key informal collectors with the door-step collection in China have been integrated into formal collectors. However, how to achieve effective integration is still underexamined. This study puts forward two strategies for integrating a waste merchant from a formal collector’s perspective, namely, contract strategy (CS) and recruitment strategy (RS). A leader-follower game model is developed to explore and compare the suggested integration strategies considering the minimum profit constraint of a waste merchant. On this basis, the feasible boundary for the selection of a reasonable strategy by the formal collector is identified. The results show that the formal collector remains reluctant to integrate the waste merchant through RS or CS if the created value by the recyclables is low. The likelihood of selecting RS increases with the higher reclaimed value. Reduced hassle costs for residents can expand the boundary of selection for RS. Besides, it is observed that CS has a greater chance when the ratio of the collection cost coefficient under RS to CS increases. In particular situations, the formal collector may gain a higher profit using RS, although it may not definitely result in higher collection quantity compared to the situations where CS is applied. Overall, this study provides insights for formal collectors for the selection of an effective integration strategy.

Formal collectors of electronics waste in the developing countries are struggling to survive despite receiving governmental subsidies at the early stages of their activities. The formal collection enterprises fail to collect much of the electrical and electronic equipment wastes (WEEE) due to the operational limitations and the households' preference for the traditional door-to-door collection services; this situation has resulted in inappropriate management of the WEEE stream. This study puts forward an integrated collection scheme that simultaneously considers the on-call and door-to-door demands. To explore how to effectively implement the proposed approach, an original capacitated general routing model with time-window (CGRPTW) is studied, which facilitates the general routing methodology for WEEE collection practices. A set of test instances - testbed - based on real data is developed to investigate the proposed collection scheme under various operational situations. On this basis, it is shown that the resulting improvement is more significant under certain operational, i.e. capacityand time-management decisions. Overall, this study explores trade-offs between profitand service-oriented paradigms for the management of the collectors' behavior within the integrated WEEE collection scheme.

Remanufacturing has been regarded as a key technology for the sustainable development of the world economy. However, the quality of remanufactured products is difficult to meet the needs of customers, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of remanufacturing industry. Therefore, remanufacturing assembly management and technology has more important engineering significance to improve production efficiency and quality of remanufactured products. Aiming at the lag of the research on management and control of remanufacturing assembly, this paper summarizes the research status of remanufacturing assembly on the basis of studying the characteristics and connotation of remanufacturing assembly system. Intelligent robot of remanufacturing assembly driven by large data and intelligent manufacturing will become an important development direction in the future. The research direction of remanufacturing assembly is summarized, and the future research trend of remanufacturing assembly is pointed out. It can be predicted that the intelligent robot of remanufacturing assembly will be the key to the flexibility, intellectualization, precision, and integration of remanufacturing assembly system in the future. This study provides a direction for the development of remanufacturing industry.

The energy-saving and emission reduction (ESER) strategy is a crucial measure for promoting the sustainability of manufacturing industry in green transition. Analyzing current practices and limitations of the ESER in the manufacturing industry, this paper proposes a new concept entitled lean energy-saving and emission-reduction (LESER) and an approach to effectively improve the energy efficiency and reduce waste emissions. This paper illustrates the definition of the LESER and establishes an implementation framework for LESER to improve the manufacturing process. To quantify and evaluate performance of LESER, the state space model of the carbon footprint for energy consumption and waste discharge is established. A method for implementing the LESER strategy is constructed in the following steps: (i) clarification of the current situation; (ii) analysis of the root cause; (iii) improvement; (iv) evaluation of the carbon emissions; (v) sustaining and standardizing. Finally, the LESER strategy is applied to the Zcrubber Group Co. Ltd., which is characterized with high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emission in green transition. Results demonstrate practicability of the proposed strategy to offer an effective measure for promoting sustainability of manufacturing industry.

Optimized control of remanufacturing assembly process in a dynamic and uncertain environment has been recognised as a big challenge for remanufacturer. Therefore, an integrated optimization control method for reassembly system is proposed. The state space model of the remanufacturing assembly process and the transfer matrix of reassembly are constructed to characterize the transfer mechanism of reassembly process. Then, an optimization control model based on dynamic programming is established to realize online guidance of reassembly station. Finally, the method is applied in reassembly line of crankshaft remanufacturing, and the feasibility and effectiveness are verified. The results show that this method can effectively improve the quality of remanufactured products by 5.27%, and reduce the cost of reassembly system by 2.76%. Moreover, the method provides theoretical and methodological support for the core competitiveness of remanufacturing enterprises.