Reservoirs are critical water sources for drinking and agricultural supply, with their dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influenced by anthropogenic intensity. This study examined the impact of anthropogenic activities on the composition and characteristics of DOM in reservoirs from the same region, employing threemass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and microbiome analysis. The results suggest that anthropogenic activities may significantly influence the composition and characteristics of surface DOM in reservoirs. In the reservoir, DOM under lower anthropogenic intensity was dominated by microbial metabolites (Peak T) and characterized by nonoxygen-heteroatom free (CHO) and nitrogen-containing (CHON) compounds, reflecting a primarily endogenous origin. In contrast, the reservoir DOM under higher anthropogenic intensity was enriched in anthropogenic humic acids (Peak C1), with chlorine-containing (CHOCl) and phosphorus-containing (CHOP) compounds as signature components, indicating combined anthropogenic and endogenous inputs. Relative to drinking water source reservoirs, DOM in the agricultural irrigation reservoir that experienced greater anthropogenic activity was more humified and exhibited a higher abundance of sulfur-containing (CHOS) compounds. Furthermore, the transformation and characteristics of DOM at different depths in reservoirs may be jointly influenced by photochemical degradation and microbial metabolism, while the impacts of anthropogenic activities are attenuated. The study suggests that the differential impacts of anthropogenic activities on reservoir DOM, support improved management of drinking water sources.

As emerging contaminants in urban wastewater systems, the comprehensive attenuation mechanisms of antibiotics within sewer networks remain underexplored. This work systematically investigated the in-sewer attenuation mechanisms and kinetics of selected antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, roxithromycin, and azithromycin) through laboratory experiments simulating a coupled wastewater-biofilm-sediment sewer environment. By isolating key processes of hydrolysis, sorption-partitioning, and biodegradation, process-specific attenuation rates under varying water temperatures (15 and 25 degrees C), pH levels (7 and 9), and initial antibiotics concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mu g/L) were determined. Biodegradation was the dominant attenuation with rates ranging from 2.67 x 10-3 to 13.3 x 10-3 h- 1 for the target antibiotics under experimental conditions. Antibiotic concentration was found to be the primary factor influencing biodegradation, exhibiting a nonmonotonic and compound-dependent response, while biodegradation also increased with rising temperature. For hydrolysis, elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions accelerated antibiotic attenuation, with rates varying from 0 to 6.09 x 10-3 h-1. Antibiotics sorbed to sediments were reduced under higher pH and temperature conditions, with equilibrium sorption-partitioning coefficients of 0.03-2.35 L/kg. Sorption-partitioning affected overall antibiotic attenuation by reducing the aqueous-phase concentration available for biodegradation and hydrolysis. Overall, this study highlights the vital role of urban sewer networks as pretreatment reactors for antibiotics prior to their entry into wastewater treatment plants, and also provides kinetic attenuation rates reference for developing sewer water quality model to quantitatively assess the contribution of urban sewer systems to mitigating aquatic antibiotic risks.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) poses a major challenge for efficient water treatment. While traditional adsorbents are often developed using model compounds like humic acid (HA), their efficacy against complex DOM in real wastewater remains uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic basis of this performance discrepancy by evaluating the adsorption behaviors of HA, salicylic acid (SA), and real wastewater DOM on magnesium-doped activated carbon. The results show that increasing magnesium doping enhanced HA removal, achieving up to 98% removal, whereas higher magnesium loading reduced adsorption capacity for real DOM. In contrast, unmodified activated carbon achieved only a 12% removal rate for HA but exhibited an 80% removal rate for SA, and demonstrated a higher capacity for adsorbing real DOM (with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.77 mg C/g) and broad-spectrum DOM removal (achieving 95-97% removal for C1-C3 components identified by PARAFAC analysis). Mechanistic analysis revealed that magnesium doping enhances HA removal primarily through metal-organic complexation, as evidenced by zeta potential measurements showing neutralization of HA's negative surface charge from -44.5 mV to -10.7 mV, a 3.2-fold increase in the particle size of HA-Mg complexes, and potentiometric titration indicating that 94% of HA's carboxyl groups (which account for 89.2% of its acidic sites) were involved in magnesium binding. This study provides quantitative mechanistic evidence that the effectiveness of Mg-based strategies depends primarily on the carboxyl functional groups of DOM, highlighting that adsorbent development needs to move beyond HA benchmarks and consider the actual compositional features of real wastewater DOM.

While constructed wetlands offer an ecologically sustainable and low-energy alternative for wastewater treatment with considerable application potential, their implementation presents distinct challenges and operational limitations. This study pioneers the novel integration of a low-voltage alternating current electric field with CWs (AC-CW) to simultaneously overcome the persistent challenges of clogging and limited total nitrogen removal. Unlike conventional bioelectrochemical approaches, this novel strategy simultaneously targets clogging mitigation and enhances microbial metabolic functions essential for nitrogen removal through multi-scale interventions. Physically, it reduced particle size of clogging substances and modified the properties of substrates. Chemically, it decreased key extracellular polymeric substance components, including polysaccharides (75.24 %), proteins (6.18 %), and humic acids (12.80 %), while simultaneously modifying the functional groups of organic constituents. Biologically, it regulated microbial community structure, and modulated the expression intensity of key metabolic pathways. Notably, the alternating current electric field improved total nitrogen removal by stimulating adenosine triphosphate production, enriching denitrifying bacteria, upregulating key nitrogen metabolic pathways, and enhancing the transport of nitrogen-processing components like molybdate and essential amino acids. This work provides fundamental insights into the bioelectrochemical mechanisms underlying simultaneous clogging mitigation and enhanced denitrification in AC-CW, establishing this technology as a sustainable and efficient solution for advanced wastewater treatment.

Adsorption-based separation of cationic pollutants, typically ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), from water holds great potential for environmental decontamination and resource recycling. However, NH4 + is more challenging to adsorb than other cations due to its stable structure and relatively large ionic radius. In this study, a "multivariate" synthetic strategy is applied to construct covalent channels through rational encoding sulfonic acid groups to enhance NH4 + adsorption and to investigate the structure-property-function relationships of sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The optimal sulfonic acid group density is 50%, with an adsorption capacity of 17.09 mg g-1 and an equilibrium time of 5 min, far surpassing most adsorbents. The crystallinity of COFs significantly enhances both adsorption capacity and kinetics. Surface area and hydrophilicity primarily increaseadsorption capacity, with minimal influence on kinetics. In contrast, a large pore size correlates negatively with adsorption capacity but facilitates kinetics. N K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy validates atomic-level adsorption mechanisms of ion exchange between NH4 + and Na+ at the -SO3Na site and the formation of hydrogen bonds (N─H─N and N─H─O) between H of NH4 + and pyrrolic N as well as O of carbonyl on COFs. This study provides directions for designing ultrafast and high-capacity adsorbents for cation capture.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) behaviour in media can be widely used in laser components, data storage devices and etc. NLO molecular switch can alternate between two or more chemical forms displaying contrasts in its NLO response(s). For the alkali metal-adsorbed graphyne (GY) and graphdiyne (GDY), a DFT study shows that the formed M@GY and M@GDY (M=Li and Na) are, respectively, high-performance candidates for single-pole triple-throw (SP3T) and triple-pole triple-throw (3P3T) NLO molecular switches with high stability. From off form(s) to on forms in each case, the increases in second-order NLO responses, including hyper-Rayleigh scattering (beta(HRS)), electric field induced second harmonic generation (beta(//(E))), and static first hyperpolarizability (beta(0)) values, constitute 1 similar to 3 orders of magnitude improvements. Especially, the beta(HRS) and beta(//(E)) values of Na@GDY(eta(6)-1) with laser pulse wavelength of 1460 nm are up to 3.61 x 10(7) and 7.35 x 10(7) au, respectively. The near- and mid-far-infrared (NMF-IR) long transparent regions for both M@GY and M@GDY suggested they can be regarded as NMF-IR switches. The adsorption of alkali metal atoms on GY/GDY monolayers with different number and positions may generate excellent multi-responsive NLO molecular switching effects.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in transforming wastewater into water that can be safely discharged or reused. However, existing effluent standards primarily focus on regulating concentrations of organic matter, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), while largely overlooking highly ecotoxic dissolved organic matter (DOM), including trace organic pollutants (TrOPs). This study investigated DOM transformations combined with the dynamics of bioinhibitory toxicity throughout the entire wastewater treatment process to identify potentially toxic organic substances and propose an optimization strategy.The results showed that the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) process converted more DOM into humic-like acids and lignins/CRAM components, and also increased the quantity of aromatic and unsaturated compounds, thereby enhancing the stability of DOM in the effluent. Thus the bioinhibitory rate decreased from 48.58 % to 5.82 %. Among the priority pollutants, bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and phenanthrene (PHE) were closely related to bioinhibitory toxicity, followed by CHO and chlorine-containing saturated compounds. These toxic substances accumulated in the anaerobic and anoxic tank, contributing to increased toxicity, but they were effectively transformed and removed in the oxic tank. In addition, the disinfection tank (UV+NaClO) effectively removed strongly aromatic and highly unsaturated DOM, reducing the toxicity of the effluent to a certain extent. However, the generation of chlorine-containing by-products still needs to be closely focused on. Overall, it is essential to develop targeted strategies tailored to the specific functions of each treatment unit to enhance both pollutant and toxicity reduction in existing WWTPs. This study offers a comprehensive perspective on DOM transformation and toxicity evolution throughout the entire municipal wastewater treatment process, thereby facilitating enhanced removal of toxic pollutants and guiding future process upgrades.

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is a widely utilized coagulant in sludge dewatering process, where it tends to accumulate in significant quantities and is reported to have biotoxicity. As a green and energy-efficient technology for sludge reduction and stabilization, biodrying process evaporates the water contained in dewatered sludge with the metabolic heat from microbial degradation of sludge organics, while there were little studies considering the effect of PAC accumulation on sludge biodrying. Thus, this study comprehensively evaluated the effect of PAC on biodrying process, with revealing the involved mechanisms. Results showed that the accumulated PAC in dewatered sludge contrarily facilitated the microbial activity in sludge biodrying, evidencing by the increased enzymatic activity and viable bacteria. Specially, the addition of PAC to excess sludge loosened the sludge aggregates and promoted the EPS solubilization, thus lowered the binding forces of water molecules and increased the bioavailable substances in dewatered sludge. Especially the reduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased the sludge particle size distribution, with 19.61-34.91 % reduction of big particles (>4.00 mm) while 18.04-39.68 % increase of small particles (<1.70 mm). This benefited the oxygen transfer in sludge biodrying process, thus facilitated the microbial activity, together with the more abundant bioavailable organics.

The widespread presence of antibiotics in the environment raises serious public health concerns, yet their comprehensive attenuation mechanisms in surface waters remains poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the attenuation mechanisms of ten antibiotics from four major classes (sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and diaminopyrimidines) in a stabilization pond system receiving treated wastewater effluent, using controlled laboratory-scale batch reactors. By isolating key processes, including hydrolysisphotodegradation (HP), biodegradation, and sorption, the study quantified their contributions to antibiotic removal. The results clearly demonstrated that HP serves as the dominant attenuation mechanism for most antibiotics, responsible for 31.7-82.6 % of removal, attributable to molecular structures conducive to sunlight absorption. Notably, roxithromycin (ROX) exhibited the highest HP degradation rate (0.064 day(-1)). In contrast, biodegradation played a minor role (1-40 % removal), while sorption showed limited effectiveness (10.6-28.6 % removal). Based on half-lives, the antibiotics were classified into three categories based on their persistence: nonpersistent (ROX; <= 15 days), moderately persistent (ofloxacin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine; 15-35 days), and persistent (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim; >= 36 days). These findings highlight the potential of stabilization ponds in antibiotic removal, particularly in sun-rich regions, and offer insights for designing ecological wastewater treatment systems to reduce antibiotic-related environmental risks.

Seasonal variability significantly influences the fate and transport of antibiotics (Abs) in wastewater stabilization ponds by affecting their concentration, degradation kinetics, sorption behavior, and ecological interactions. This study investigated the influence of seasonal variability for a large number of Ab classes—eleven sulfonamides (SAs), eight fluoroquinolones (FQs), five macrolides (MLs), one diaminopyrimidine (DIA), two tetracyclines (TETs), two lincosamides (LICs), and three phenicols (Phens)—on their fate and transport in an artificial stabilization pond system (SPS) receiving treated WWTP effluent. Two sampling campaigns were conducted during China’s long-lasting seasons (summer and winter). The detection frequency for sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfapyridine (SPY), and ofloxacin (OFX) was 100%, for sulfamethazine (SMZ) 63.3%, and for clindamycin (CLN) 83.3% in both seasons. The detection frequency for the other Abs was equal or below 50% in both seasons. In addition, the maximum concentration of SMX, SMZ, SPY, OFX, and CLN in summer was 10.51, 19.37, 6.93, 22, and 4.04 ng/L, respectively, and 4.27, 0.14, 3.15, 9.29, and 8.78, respectively, in winter). The rest of the Abs were either detected in summer or winter. It was observed that environmental fluctuations (such as temperature, precipitation, SPS flow patterns, light intensity), differences in antibiotic use and consumption between seasons, and differences in physicochemical properties of the Abs were the main factors influencing their fate and transport within the SPS. The potential environmental risks of Abs detected in the SPS were assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) approach. Typically, RQs in summer were remarkably higher than in winter. Norfloxacin and chlortetracycline posed a medium risk in summer; however, ofloxacin posed a medium risk in winter and a high risk in summer. Therefore, management strategies should consider the dynamic nature of antibiotic contamination, accounting for seasonal influences on fate and transport within the studied SPS and maybe for other wastewater stabilization ponds by adjusting operational practices, optimizing treatment processes, and implementing source control measures to mitigate the environmental impacts of seasonal antibiotic variability.

Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) can pose a threat to ecosystems and human health. Many methods have been used for the removal of NH4+-N. In particular, reactive chlorine species (RCS, including Cl-center dot, Cl-2(center dot-), and ClO center dot) show superior performance for the selective oxidation of NH4+-N to nitrogen gas (N-2). Herein, Fe2+/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/Cl- process was proposed to generate RCS for the conversion of NH4+-N to N-2, in which Fe2+ was used as the activator of PMS in the presence of Cl-. Fe2+, PMS, and Cl- concentrations could affect the removal of NH4+-N in Fe2+/PMS/Cl- process. Fe2+/PMS/Cl- exhibited good performance in removing NH4+-N at pH 3.5-8.0. At all investigated conditions, NH4+-N was mainly converted to N-2, and N-2 selectivity was more than 90 %. Under optimal conditions, 50 % of NH4+-N was removed in 5 min, and the removal efficiency reached the maximum of 96 % within 120 min with the high N-2 selectivity of 100 %. The electron spin resonance tests, scavenging experiments, and probe experiments demonstrated the generation of RCS in Fe2+/PMS/Cl- reaction system. Experimental results and model analysis consistently proved that ClO center dot and Cl-center dot were crucial radicals during the selective oxidation of NH4+-N, especially ClO center dot. Fe2+/PMS/Cl- system could remove NH4+-N and COD simultaneously in real wastewater. This study can provide an efficient strategy for the removal of NH4+-N.

Addressing the sustained environmental issues arising from eutrophication necessitates the regulation of excessive phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems. This study explores the controlled synthesis of a lanthanum hydroxide, denoted as Sur-C-n-La(OH)(3) (where n = 12-18), mediated by surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths for enhanced phosphorous capture in water. Sur-C-18-La(OH)(3) exhibits a 46 % increase in phosphate adsorption capacity (308.9 mg/g) compared to La(OH)(3) (210.8 mg/g), remarkably surpassing the majority of reported La-based adsorbents (similar to 100-200 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics were also enhanced with the pseudo-second-order constant (k(2)) increasing by nearly three times (from 0.029 to 0.071 g/(mgmin)). The specific surface area of Sur-C-18-La(OH)(3) reached up to 57.43 m(2)/g compared with that of La(OH)(3) (30.74 m(2)/g). Owing to the alteration of spatial hindrance and particle interactions, forming a more dispersed structure tuning by the surfactant C(18)TAB. The adsorption mechanism was mainly governed by an inner-sphere complexation between lanthanum and phosphate. Sur-C-18-La(OH)(3) also demonstrates outstanding adsorption selectivity and reusability. The findings provide valuable insights for water quality management and present a potential solution for sustainable resource utilization.

The severely low influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a critical issue. A key factor is the excessive biodegradation of organic matter by microbial communities within sewer systems. Intense disinfection commonly adopted for medical wastewater leads to abundant residual chlorine entering sewers, likely causing significant changes in microbial communities and sewage quality in sewers, yet our understanding is limited. Through long-term sewer simulation batch tests, this study revealed the response mechanism of microbial communities to residual chlorine and its impact on organic matter concentration in sewage. Under residual chlorine stress, microbial community structure rapidly changed, and more complex microbial interactions were observed. Besides, pathways related to stress response such as two-component system were significantly enriched; pathways related to energy metabolism (such as carbon fixation in prokaryotes and citrate cycle) in microbial communities were inhibited, and carbon metabolism shifted from the Embden-Meyerhof pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway to enhance cellular reducing power, reduce oxidative stress, and consequently decrease organic matter degradation. Therefore, compared to sewers with normal disinfection, concentrations of COD and dissolved organic carbon in sewage under chlorine stress increased by 12.6 % and 7.4 %, respectively. Besides, the decay and transformation of residual chlorine in sewers were explored. These findings suggest a new approach to medical wastewater discharge management: placing the medical wastewater outlet at the upstream in sewer systems, which ensures that residual chlorine consumption reaches maximum during long-distance transportation, mitigating its harmful effects on WWTPs, and increases the influent organic matter concentration, thereby reducing the need for additional carbon sources.

The process of coal-to-methanol conversion consumes a large amount of energy, and the use of the co-production method in conjunction with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology can reduce its carbon footprint. However, little research has been devoted to comprehensively assessing the carbon footprint of the coal-to-methanol (CTM) co-production system coupled with CCUS-enhanced oil recovery technology (CCUS-EOR), and this hinders the scientific evaluation of its decarbonization-related performance. In this study, we used lifecycle assessment to introduce the coefficient of distribution of methanol and constructed a model to calculate the carbon footprint of the process of CTM co-production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as well as CTM co-production coupled with CCUS-EOR. We used the proposed model to calculate the carbon footprint of the entire lifecycle of the process by using a case study. The results show that the carbon footprints of CTM co-production and CTM co-production coupled with CCUS-EOR are 2.63 t CO2/tCH3OH and 1.00 t CO2/tCH3OH, respectively, which is lower than that of the traditional CTM process, indicating their ability to achieve environmental sustainability. We also analyzed the composition of the carbon footprint of the coal-to-methanol process to identify the root causes of carbon emissions in it and pathways for reducing them. The work described here provided a reference for decision making and a basis for promoting the development of coal-to-methanol conversion and the CCUS industry in China.

Abstract The porosity of concrete is the root cause of durability problems in concrete. Water absorption rate and water absorption speed can be used to detect the pore structure distribution of concrete. Based on the principle of permeability coefficient method, the water absorption method was improved in this study. This paper conducted an experimental study on how BA (biomass ash), CMA (cattle manure ash), and FA (fly ash) with different particle sizes affect the water absorption speed and coefficient of concrete. The results showed that among BA, FA, and CMA, the water absorption speed and coefficient of FA are the smallest among all admixtures in concrete, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of BA are the smaller. The water absorption coefficient is greater than that of FA, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of CMA are greater than those of BA. With the same dosage (15% in this test), the smaller the water cement ratio, the smaller the water absorption rate of CMA concrete; The water absorption rate of CMA concrete decreases with the increase of age. When the dosage is the same, the influence of particle size on the water absorption coefficient of concrete is the same as the influence of particle size on the water absorption speed of concrete. Factors affecting the water absorption coefficient of CMA materials include particle size distribution, shape, specific surface area, and so on. The results provide a reference for studying the durability of CMA concrete.

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are of major concern for urban water environment restoration that draws worldwide attention. The enaction of related policies, regulations, guidelines and criteria forms a crucial foundation for CSO control and management. Some developed countries, such as the US and European countries, are leading the CSO control and management worldwide and have developed a relatively completed legislative framework. Despite great efforts made worldwide, the existing combined sewer systems and severe illicit sanitary sewer connections to storm sewers still result in urban wet-weather flows (UWWF) pollution which is similar to or even more detrimental than CSOs, deteriorating receiving water bodies, particularly in developing countries. This article aims to review the history and evolution of CSO-related policies, regulations, permits, criteria, technical guidances and measures in typical developed countries to guide the UWWF pollution control and management in latecomers. It was found that the US has formed a complete system from national policies to states' control practices and proceeded to a green development stage. European countries have transitioned CSO control targets toward meeting water quality standards. In comparison, Japan and South Korea attach importance to end-of-pipe treatment and sewer management. On this basis, recommendations were proposed for long-term UWWF control and management in China. This is also expected to guide the enactment of related policies and regulations in less developed countries facing serious UWWF pollution.

Many studies have successfully built iron-mediated materials to activate or catalyze Fenton-like reactions, with applications in water and wastewater treatment being investigated. However, the developed materials are rarely compared with each other regarding their performance of organic contaminant removal. In this review, the recent advances of Fenton-like processes in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways are summarized, especially the performance and mechanism of activators including ferrous iron, zero valent iron, iron oxides, iron-loaded carbon, zeolite, and metal organic framework materials. Also, this work mainly compares three O-O bond containing oxidants including hydrogen dioxide, persulfate, and percarbonate, which are environmental-friendly oxidants and feasible for in-situ chemical oxidation. The influence of reaction conditions, catalyst properties and benefits are analyzed and compared. In addition, the challenges and strategies of these oxidants in applications and the major mechanisms of the oxidation process have been discussed. This work can help understand the mechanistic insights of variable Fenton-like reactions, the role of emerging iron-based materials, and provide guidance for choosing appropriate technologies when facing real-world water and wastewater applications.

Plastic additives widely existed in plastic mulching films, but their roles in microplastics (MPs) derived from these plastics as vectors of pollutants were not clear. This work clarified the role of plastic additives on the sorption-desorption behaviors of four arsenic species (arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), roxarsone (ROX), and p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA)) on/from virgin polyethylene (V-PE), white PE mulching film (W-PE, with Si-containing additives), and black PE mulching film (B-PE, with CaCO3 and TiO2 additives) MPs. The maximum sorption amounts of arsenic species on V-PE (3.33-20.10 mg/kg) and W-PE MPs (4.78-21.93 mg/kg) had no significant difference, while those on B-PE (43.02-252.19 mg/kg) facilitated by its additives were up to one order of magnitude greater than V-PE or W-PE (p < 0.05). Desorption hysteresis index (HI) indicated the irreversible arsenic sorption on three PE MPs, especially for B-PE containing additives that can co-precipitate and complex with arsenicals. The effects of pH, humic substances, and coexisting anions on arsenic sorption by B-PE were more obvious than that by V-PE or W-PE MPs, attributing to electrostatic interaction enhanced by CaCO3 and TiO2 additives. This work provides theoretical basis for migration of arsenic species on MPs containing plastic additives and their potential environmental risk assessment.

Stormwater pipes are illicitly connected with sewage in many countries, which means that sewage enters stormwater pipes and the drainage is discharged to surface water without any treatment. Sewage contains more pathogens and highly risky antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) than surface runoff. Therefore, sewage may alter the microbial and ARG compositions in stormwater pipe drainage, which in turn leads to an increased risk of resistance in surface water. However, the effects of sewage on ARGs in the drainage of stormwater networks have not been systematically studied. This study characterized the microbial and ARG composition of several environmental compartments of a typical stormwater network and quantified their contributions to those in the drainage. This network transported ARGs and microorganisms from sewage, sediments in stormwater pipes, and surface runoff into the drainage and thus into the river. According to metagenomic analysis, multidrug resistance genes were most abundant in all samples and the numbers and relative abundance of ARGs in the drainage collected during wet weather were comparable to that of sewage. The results of SourceTracker showed that the relative contribution of sewage was double that of rainwater and surface runoff in the drainage during wet weather for both microorganisms and ARGs. Desulfovibrio, Azoarcus, and Sulfuritalea were connected with the greatest number of ARGs and were most abundant in the sediments of stormwater pipes. Furthermore, stochastic processes were found to dominate ARG and microbial assembly, as the effects of high hydrodynamic intensity outweighed the effects of environmental filtration and species interactions. The findings of this study can increase our understanding of ARGs in stormwater pipe drainage, a crucial medium linking ARGs in sewage to environmental ARGs.