This paper built a simulation system of Public Goods Experiment to study the Conditional Cooperation. The study of this paper was divided into 3 parts including the execution of Public Goods Experiment in laboratory, the BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Networks) modeling of the resulting data of the former experiments and finally the developing of a simulation system of Public Goods Experiment. The results of the simulation show that displaying the number and name of people who have endowed to the Public Goods Pool instantly is the best condition for stimulating Conditional Cooperation which also means the best information displaying condition of avoiding free riders.

SOA based software is typically based on dynamic reconfiguration, since it is the composition of services. Then ensuring the correctness of dynamic reconfiguration is an important challenge. But few work focuses on it, this paper gives a better answer to solve the problem. It uses services-behavioral type discipline extended the Martin-Lof's Type Theory (for short, MLTT) which supports a type-theoretic formulation of services behavior structured patterns, so that services can be formally constructed by type services-behavioral type. Then, the type rules for subtype, duality, and correctness of dynamic reconfiguration are discussed. In our case study, the deductions are gave to show that how to verify the correctness of the dynamic reconfiguration. Finally, the implement of our approach is discussed.

Traffic has always been the infrastructure of national economic and social development. With the pace of urbanization unprecedented speedup and the increase of vehicle possessions, traffic congestion has become a big problem in modern cities. Regional traffic guidance system provides traffic information for road travelers in pre-trip and in on-trip, and guides travelers to change travel modes, choose travel routes, and save travel time to take full advantage of road network resources. Variable message sign (VMS) is one of the main ways to provide traffic information in metropolitan road network, but traditional VMS guidance regions are designated manually by traffic administrators to cause very bad effectiveness and efficiency, and there are even some VMS used only for advertising that have nothing to do with the traffic guidance management. We analyze the traffic guidance model based on VMS, and study the dynamic regional partition problem and the dynamic traffic guidance problem under real-time traffic conditions, and put forward the architecture and two algorithms. The architecture serves mainly for the whole cycle of developing VMS based guidance from raw data collection to traffic information publish. The algorithms dynamically partition traffic guidance regions and dynamically change the vehicle turning ratio at intersections to balance traffic flow and save travel time in guidance regions. The cellular automaton method based on SWARM platform is employed to simulate traffic environment, and verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the model and the algorithms by compare with the other traditional regional guidance algorithm.

This paper brings forward the whole modeling of a novel traffic dynamic information collecting system based on RFID, using this system, the drivers can know the front street condition and vehicle flux condition. In addition, this paper provides the study of binary search anti-collision algorithm, which is the key algorithm in this system. With the change in this paper the efficiency of the algorithm increases to N - 1 / N, which has an increase of 50% compared with the popular used dynamic binary anti-collision algorithm.

BPEL can automate orchestrations for cross-organizational Web services; however, it meets a serious challenge from modeling human-intensive business activities. This paper distinguishes human-driven workflow from automated process, and uses state machine to model human-driven workflow, then transforms state machine-style workflow to BPEL process, finally integrates BPEL-style human-driven process with automated process. The goal of our work is to utilize the flexibility and efficiency of state machine to model complex and dynamic business process, and provides a novel procedure to model human-intensive business activities to complement the limitation of BPEL. This procedure has been implemented in DartFlow - a service composition platform for the sharing of the knowledge and services.

Based on a multilayer service oriented architecture (SOA), one software architecture on large-scale network traffic signal controllers (TSC) system was designed for expedient and effective traffic management. This architecture was achieved by I/O Completion Port (IOCP) mechanism and Web Service technology. IOCP mechanism was adopted not only between the centre control platform and the outfield device, but also between the server and the client of centre control platform. IOCP mechanism managed the communications with numerous TSC and numerous client programs respectively. Web Service technology was applied in the modular centre control platform. Web Service technology encapsulated the relevant information gained during the communication of IOCP mechanism into services, and facilitated the effective integration of the system resource. Moreover, the relationship among the layers of the multilayer SOA was also improved. At last, the implementation of the IOCP mechanism and the Web Service technology in this architecture was introduced in detail. This architecture has been applied in SUPCON Intelliffic software and the application result is very satisfied.

In order to manifest high superiority and high efficiency of traffic guidance system, this paper analyzes the traffic guidance system by means of variable message signs, and studies dynamic regional guidance problems under the conditions of real-time traffic, and puts forward a regional traffic dynamic guidance algorithm. The algorithm balances traffic flow by partitioning traffic guidance regions dynamically and changing the turning ratio of vehicles at intersections in the guidance regions. In order to make analysis of the algorithm, this paper applies cellular automaton to simulate traffic environment on SWARM platform, and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results of the simulation show that the overall average travel time of the induced dynamic modeling approach is reduced by 20% to 25% and the average waiting time is reduced by 4% to 10% compared to the use of the static regional guidance algorithm.

The current approach in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) cannot effectively support discovery, negotiation, and invocation of heterogeneous traffic information service at a semantic level. In this paper, we present an ontology-based service oriented information integration architecture that consists of two new aspects. The first aspect is to present our traffic domain ontology model and traffic application ontology model. The second aspect is to utilize our traffic ontology model to integrate and share distributed and heterogeneous traffic information.

Service discovery becomes a key to accelerating the evolution of Web services as the number of services is expected to increase dramatically. Foregoing work on service discovery is primarily based on the interfaces of services through the use of ontology. Ongoing work targets at service behavior, with not only individual message exchanges being captured, but also constraints between these message exchanges. In this paper, we propose a formal approach to expressing the service and query behavior using pi-calculus for service matchmaking. The resulting pi-calculus expressions of services and queries are precise in defining single operations involving message exchanges as well as execution sequence between operations. Based on the formalizations, service matchmaking between a service query and a service description is reasoned through the capability of pi-calculus. Expressing service behavior using pi-calculus is expected to be a promising way to realize intelligent service discovery

Summary form only given. With increasing demands of effective and efficient transportation from our society, the transportation issue has become a noticeable obstacle to the economic development for all countries and regions to a great extend. ITS (intelligent transportation systems) technology is brought forward and considered as an effective approach that promises to alleviate many transportation problems such as traffic congestion, high accident rate, air pollution, and improve safety and reliability on existing roadway system. However, ITS architectures do not give proper answers to some important problems in ITS such as how to integrate heterogeneous data on the semantic level, how to manage dynamic business process, how to cooperate ITS subsystems among different domains, how to communicate among traffic control center and road sensor network, etc. Hence, a fundamental shift in approach is needed to effectively resolve these complex problems. Fortunately, grid technology, semantic Web technology, Web service technology, messaging oriented middleware (MOM) technology bring us great chance to build a integrated platform for ITS to solve the before-mentioned issues. Grid computing is an ideal technology to realize resource sharing in distributed heterogeneity environments. Semantic Web offers a great opportunity to support data semantization based on a domain-specific ontology database. Process coordination based on Web service gives a unified way to cooperate ITS subsystems among different organizations. Messaging oriented middleware enables distributed communication that is loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous in complex network environment. In this paper, we explore four technologies to build a novel integrated intelligent transportation information and service platform to realize traffic data semantization, traffic resource sharing, cooperation traffic process management, and traffic sensor network communication. As a result, a key project for ITISP, ITSGrid, was started up by Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Enjoyor Electronics Co. Ltd in 2005. ITSGrid is an undergoing joint engineering project designed and developed by CCNT Lab in Zhejiang University and Enjoyor Electronics. The new features of ITSGrid are originated from two important research projects artGrid and DartFlow, and one key engineering project - JTang Application Server, in CCNT Lab. Its goal is to build intelligent transportation information and service platform, to integrate traffic data resources collected by Enjoyor and cooperate existing ITS subsystems and services deployed by Enjoyor, finally serve for transportation construction in China

ITSGrid is an undergoing joint engineering project designed and developed by advanced computing and system (CCNT) lab in Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Enjoyor Electronics Co. Ltd (Enjoyor). The new features of ITSGrid are originated from two important research projects - DartGrid and DartFlow, and one key engineering project - JTang application server, in CCNT lab. Its goal is to build an integrated intelligent transportation information and service platform (ITISP), to integrate traffic data resources collected by Enjoyor and cooperate existing ITS subsystems and services deployed by Enjoyor, finally serve for transportation construction in China. During building this project, we utilize systematically the grid technology, the semantic Web technology, the Web service technology, the messaging oriented middleware technology

Summary form only given. The Business Process Execution Language for Web services (BPEL) has emerged as the de-facto standard for cross-organizational business processes and business interaction protocols for connecting Web services. At the beginning of BPEL, people mainly focused on automated business process execution. Although intended as a language for connecting Web services, BPEL has been applied by ambitious people to realize a wide variety of process-aware intra-organizational application, which gives the heavier burden on BPEL than ever. Faced with emerging wider scenarios (complex human activity, various non-Web service APIs, etc), original BPEL has difficulties for fulfilling the new requirement. Human activities have complex and dynamic impact on business process execution. BPEL was designed for automated service-to-service interactions, and did not define mechanisms interacting with people in its current version. Considering most modern business processes commonly involving some extent of human-intensive workflow, inability of specification is actually serious, and in some cases fatal. To complement the lack of BPEL on human-driven workflow, and coordinate work performed by human-driven workflows and automated processes, this paper presents a novel four-step procedure. In the first step, we distinguish human activity from automated process among business process, and treat them as external process and internal process, respectively. While the former supports a more event-driven, flexible and dynamic human-driven workflow with unstructured data, the latter, as lower part of the former, supports sequential, predefined and static approach with structured data. In the second step, we utilize state machine to model the human-driven workflow. The state machine provides a flexible and efficient way to model the more loosely defined nature of human workflow. In the third step, we transform the state machine-style workflow to the BPEL-style process. In the fourth step, we integrate external BPEL-style human-driven process with internal sequential automated process into a complete BPEL process. The latter is invoked by the former as a single Web service via standard 'invoke' activity in BPEL, or as a sub-process via extensive 'call' activity in BPEL-SPE. This procedure has been implemented in DartFlow - a service composition platform for the sharing of the TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) knowledge and services

Challenges revealed in designing efficient context modeling and reasoning systems in pervasive environment are due to the overwhelming contextual information in such environment. In this paper we aim at designing an attribute-based context filtering technology (ACMR) to improve the performance of context processing. Two metrics, absolute and relative attributes, are proposed in our work to analyze the contextual information. ACMR only processes the application-related contextual information rather than all the available contextual information to prevent context-aware applications from being distracted by trashy contexts. Additionally, to encourage the reuse and standardization, contexts ontology TORA is developed to model the contexts and their absolute attributes in the pervasive environment. Experiments about ACMR system demonstrate its higher performance than those of previous systems.

With the extensive applications of Web services on the Internet, to locate target services in an accurate and efficient way becomes increasingly difficult. At present, semantic Web service is regarded as the most promising approach to address the challenge. In this paper, an ontology service description language and a query language, OSDL and OSQL are proposed respectively, and then a service matchmaking algorithm based on interface semantics is proposed. The problem of service matchmaking can be attributed to the similarity between the semantic pair, and the similarity is the quantization of their relationship, which is discovered through reasoning on ontology. Unlike the existing semantics-based service matchmaking algorithms, which focus on the relationships among the successors and ancestors of ontology classes, the proposed one also pays attention to the comparability among classes and their property classes. The experiment data indicate that it is worthwhile to take the point into consideration to receive a higher recall and precision.

Challenges revealed in constructing a peer-to-peer (P2P) file system are due to the difficulties of version control.There have appeared no P2P systems, which can solve these problems smoothly. In this paper we show our efforts towards solving the problems by developing a new application, SVCL (a Scalable Version Control Layer in P2P file system), in which version control servers are woven into a peer-to-peer network so that the system will not crash under single node failure. As a result, users can carry out both file updating and reading operations. Experiments have demonstrated the high performance of the proposed system.

Context-awareness is considered as a key problem in designing more adaptive applications in pervasive computing community. Context modeling and reasoning, which deal with high-level abstraction and inference of pervasive contextual information, are important research areas of context-awareness computing. Efforts have been put into these two areas and several prototype systems have been proposed. However, the huge amounts of contextual information in pervasive environment make existing systems inefficient, even useless. In this paper, we propose enhanced application-oriented context modeling and reasoning (EACMR) system to deal with this problem. In EACMR system, we develop a context ontology (ACMRONT) to model the contexts in the pervasive computing. Different from previous researches, a context filter is designed to classify contexts by their importance. To promote the performance of the system, the reasoner in EACMR only deals with the application-related contextual information rather than all the available contextual information. Experiments about EACMR system demonstrate its higher performance than those of previous systems

According to 2-hop neighborhood information, dynamic dominant index set (DDIS) (W. Shi and S. Li, 2005) is constructed to cache metadata of shared resources in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). However, DDIS presents poor performance on system overhead and user satisfaction. To adapt network mobility, peers in DDIS have to periodically advertise their shared resources over the entire network, which consumes more bandwidth. In this paper, an improved dominating set indexing mechanism (IDSIM) for mobile peer-to-peer networks is proposed. In IDSIM, partial dominating sets automatically adjust themselves to the change of network topology in a distributed fashion. Metadata of identical resources belonged to deferent peers is clustered in one dominating set. This potentially increases in amount of query results with short latency to achieve considerable high user satisfaction. Based on random walk (C. Gkantsidis et al., 2004), query message roams in the network to maximize the number of results. Experiments indicate that besides greatly reducing the system overhead, IDSIM simplifies search process and, at the same time, improves user satisfaction without sacrifice of user response time.

In pervasive computing community, there is a high interest on context-aware computing. Much work focuses on context reasoning, which deals with high-level abstraction and inference of pervasive contextual information and several prototype systems have been proposed. However, overwhelming contextual information in pervasive computing makes these systems inefficient, even useless. In this paper, we propose an application-oriented context filtering system (ACMR) to deal with above problem. To prevent the pervasive applications from being distracted by trashy contexts, ACMR system only deals with application-related contextual information rather than all the available contextual information. Experiments about ACMR system demonstrate its higher performance than those of previous systems.

After merger of Web Services and Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services (SWS) has received a lot of attention from researchers due to its ability of automatic Web Service discovery, execution and composition. Currently Web Service systems, which publish WSDL-described Web Services in UDDIs, cannot support SWS and UDDI has become the bottleneck of the whole system and would cause single node failure problems. Therefore, we propose a CAN-based P2P system to replace traditional UDDI, by distributing the functions of the UDDI among all the peers in the P2P network. At the same time, we design an ontology-based mechanism, guaranteeing every service would be registered on a specific peer in the CAN-based P2P network, according to the service's ontology. By replacing the UDDI, our system improves the scalability and stability of the SWS system, and realizes an efficient ontology-based discovery of Semantic Web Services.

Efficient locating mechanism is the key issue of establishing peer-to-peer (P2P) resource sharing for mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET). In this paper, a simple concept of Dynamic Dominant Indexing Set (DDIS) is proposed. By periodically advertising information of shared resources on the backbone of current network topology in a distributed fashion, DDIS gains great improvement on user response time, fault tolerance and scalability. Simulations indicate that DDIS simplifies the searching process and greatly reduces the response delay and thus, it is more appropriate for mobile peer-to-peer source sharing especially in emergent situations.