OBJECTIVE:To conduct an economic evaluation of bulk-packaged contrast media in the CT rooms from multiple perspectives, assess its economic benefits, and provide a evidence to support hospital cost control and pharmacy management. METHODS:Based on on-site investigations and the database constructed by the hospital management information system, information from 1,169 patients regarding contrast media utilization and medical insurance reimbursements was analyzed. We assessed the impact of different contrast media packaging formats on the hospital's scanning volume and waste disposal costs using descriptive statistical methods and a decision-tree mode. In addition, cost-minimization analysis was conducted for the economic evaluation. RESULTS:Based on the average number of scans per hospital (49,807 per year), the 500 ml (400 mg/ml) vial saved an average of 29.60 s per patient compared with the 100 ml (400 mg/ml) vial, resulting in an annual increase of 3,890 patients scanned and potentially generating additional hospital revenue of approximately US$424,163, assuming sufficient appointment availability and operational capacity. In addition, the 500 ml (400 mg/ml) vial reduced medical insurance expenditures by US$1,701,280 to US$1,804,260 annually per hospital (a reduction of 52.19%-55.38%). The switch to bulk packaging also reduced medical waste by an average of 3,832 kg per year, corresponding to savings of US$1,904 in waste disposal costs. Qualitative interview indicated that imaging bulk-packaged contrast media can simultaneously reduce hospital costs and maintain patient safety under current technological conditions. CONCLUSION:The use of bulk-packaged contrast media in contrast-enhanced CT was shown to be more effective in controlling hospital costs compared with single-dose packaging.

Background and aims Loberamisal is a small-molecule agent that inhibits the nNOS-postsynaptic density protein 95 coupling and enhances α2-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, which has been shown effective in animal studies. This trial aimed to investigate its safety and therapeutic efficacy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) within 48 hours of symptom onset.Methods Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of four groups: a low-dose loberamisal group (20 mg/dose), a medium-dose group (40 mg/dose), a high-dose group (60 mg/dose) or a placebo group. All patients received a continuous intravenous infusion treatment once a day for 10 days (60±10 min/dose). The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients achieving an excellent functional outcome (a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days). The primary safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events (AEs).Results A total of 240 patients were randomised, of whom 224 received study treatment from 4 June 2023 to 18 November 2023. The proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome was highest in the medium-dose group (76.7%, 46/60), followed by the high-dose group (70.0%, 42/60), the low-dose group (67.8%, 40/59) and the placebo group (60.7%, 37/61) (p=0.164). Regarding safety, 210 patients experienced at least one AE, with incidences of 80.0% (48/60), 88.3% (53/60) and 91.5% (54/59) in the high, medium and low-dose loberamisal groups, respectively, and 90.2% (55/61) in the placebo group (p=0.260).Conclusions Loberamisal injection was well tolerated in patients with AIS within 48 hours of symptom onset in China. The efficacy and optimal dosage of loberamisal for AIS need prospective validation.Trial registration number ChiCTR2400081662, NCT06429384.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness, is driven by pathological angiogenesis and vascular leakage, but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we identify the histone demethylase KDM6A as a critical epigenetic regulator promoting DR pathogenesis via Müller cells. KDM6A expression is significantly elevated in human DR retinas and diabetic mouse models. Intravitreal silencing of Kdm6a ameliorates retinal vascular dysfunction, reducing neovascularization, leakage, and acellular capillaries while restoring endothelial tight junctions. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Kdm6a knockdown specifically suppresses VEGF signaling and attenuates ferroptosis. Müller cell-specific Kdm6a overexpression exacerbated DR vascular pathology, while in vitro co-cultures confirmed that KDM6A in Müller cells induces endothelial dysfunction. Mechanistically, KDM6A demethylates H3K27me3 at the promoters of pro-ferroptotic genes (e.g., Tfr1, Cybb, Atg7), thereby promoting ferroptosis in Müller cells under high glucose conditions. Crucially, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of KDM6A mitigated high glucose-induced ferroptosis. Our findings establish KDM6A-mediated epigenetic control of Müller cell ferroptosis as a fundamental regulator of diabetic retinal vasculopathy and nominate KDM6A as a promising therapeutic target for DR.

Achieving equitable antenatal care (ANC) is fundamental to China's 'Healthy China 2030' agenda and its universal health coverage (UHC) commitments. Despite measurable national progress, substantial urban-rural and regional disparities in ANC access persist, driven by a complex interplay of financial, geographic, institutional, and digital barriers that disproportionately affect rural, low-income, and migrant populations. This analysis examines the current landscape of ANC in China, identifying core structural challenges including the enduring legacy of the hukou (household registration) system, a widening digital divide, and the maldistribution of healthcare resources. We contend that piecemeal interventions are insufficient to address these deeply rooted inequities. Instead, this Viewpoint advances an integrated 'spatial-technology-institutional' strategy that synergizes innovations across three mutually reinforcing domains: optimizing tiered healthcare delivery through smart payment reforms, deploying geospatial tools for evidence-based resource allocation, constructing an inclusive digital ANC ecosystem, and establishing sustainable talent incentive mechanisms for grassroots healthcare workers. By implementing this coordinated, multi-pronged approach, China can systematically dismantle geographic inequities in maternal health and ensure equitable ANC access for all women.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of disease nomenclature on patient preferences for treatment of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and explore the potential for reducing overtreatment by using less alarming terms in China. METHODS:We conducted an online cross-sectional discrete choice experiment among 615 adults in China with a self-reported history of thyroid nodules or tumors. Hypothetical scenarios varied by disease label ("cancer", "tumor", "nodule"), management option (active surveillance vs surgery), risk of progression/recurrence requiring further treatment (0 %-5 %), and out-of-pocket cost (¥3000-¥15,000). Preferences were analyzed using a mixed logit model, and trade-offs were summarized using marginal rates of substitution (MRS). RESULTS:Participants showed a significant preference for less alarming terms like "tumor" or "nodule" over "cancer". The use of the term "cancer" significantly increased the likelihood of choosing aggressive treatments. The disease label was found to have a stronger influence on the preference for active surveillance than the actual risk of progression or recurrence. CONCLUSION:In China, preferences for low-risk PTC management are driven primarily by prognosis, with terminology also shaping choices beyond clinical risk. Using less alarming labels may support acceptance of conservative management when paired with clear risk communication. Practice implications Clinicians and guideline developers may consider standardized counseling that presents absolute risks clearly and uses careful, patient-centered terminology to facilitate shared decision-making and potentially reduce overtreatment.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC and its treatment heavily impact patients' physical and mental health, often causing physical limitations, anxiety, and depression. Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in CRC patients is increasingly recognized as important, but more research is needed on influencing factors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of life of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and analyze other possible influencing factors to provide reference suggestions for improving the health-related quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. METHODS This study included patients diagnosed with CRC from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Hongkou district, Shanghai, China from 2020 to 2022. The HRQoL and utility scores of these patients were measured using the five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). The EQ-5D-5L utility scores were derived from the Chinese EQ-5D-5L Value Set. The relationships between HRQoL and the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were further analyzed using Tobit regression. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the overall mean health utility scores of colorectal cancer patients were between 0.853 (SD = 0.214). Problems in the pain/discomfort dimension were reported by 50.68%, followed by problems in the anxiety/depression (47.34%), mobility (39.06%), self-care (33.25%) and usual activities (32.63%) dimensions. Besides, the Kruskal Wallis test showed that educational level, average annual household income, TNM stage, whether hospitalization or not, and payment burden significantly impacted the HRQoL of CRC patients. Specifically, higher education level, higher average annual household income, earlier TNM stage, hospitalization, and less payment burden corresponded to higher HRQoL. CONCLUSION In CRC patients, different annual average household income, TNM cancer stage, hospitalization status, and payment burden can significantly diminish HRQoL. Therefore, healthcare institutions should comprehensively consider various factors affecting the HRQoL and further improve the care of cancer patients in order to improve the physical function and psychological flexibility of patients and improve the HRQoL of patients.

China faces the world’s largest diabetes burden, with a 12.4

BACKGROUND:The neurorestorative potential of HUK (human urinary kallidinogenase) has drawn considerable clinical attention. Our study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of HUK in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS:Our data were retrospectively extracted from CASTOR (Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment Outcome Registry), a prospective, multicenter study from 2015 to 2019 in China. The data was separated into 2 categories, the mild group (0-5 points) and the moderate group (6-25 points), according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score measured at admission and analyzed by propensity score matching with HUK or non-HUK ratio of 1:1. The percentage of patients with modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 at 3 months after onset was the primary outcome. RESULTS:Ten thousand two patients were recruited, after the criteria were filtered, 9005 patients were investigated. Following propensity score matching, a total of 6530 patients were ultimately enrolled in the analysis, consisting of 4284 patients in the mild group and 2246 patients in the moderate group. In the mild group, the mean age was 63.5±11.7 years, and females accounted for 31.91%. In the moderate group, the mean age was 64.7±10.9 years, and females occupied a proportion of 36.78%. At the 3-month follow-up, a significantly higher proportion of HUK-treated patients achieved the primary outcome compared with controls in both mild (76.89% [1647/2142] versus 74.13% [1588/2142]; P=0.0013) and moderate (43.10% [484/1123] versus 38.02% [427/1123]; P=0.03) groups. CONCLUSIONS:HUK therapy has potential efficacy in improving the prognosis of patients with both mild and moderate severity of acute ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, additional rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are essential to substantiate these findings. REGISTRATION:URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02470624.

BACKGROUND:Randomized trials have demonstrated the benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in moderate-to-severe acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO), but its benefit in acute mild BAO remains uncertain. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the efficacy of EVT in acute BAO with a low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. METHODS:Patients with acute BAO and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale <10, hospitalized at 5 stroke centers in China between January 2020 and December 2023, were included and divided into EVT and standard medical treatment groups. The primary outcome was 90-day functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Secondary outcomes include proportions of 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 and 0 to 3. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours and 90-day mortality were assessed as safety outcomes. RESULTS:Three hundred fifteen patients with BAO with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale <10 were enrolled (229 [72.7%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 65 [58-72] years; median [interquartile range] baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 6 [3-8] points), 161 (51.1%) of whom underwent EVT and 154 (48.9%) received standard medical treatment. The EVT group had a higher rate of 90-day functional independence (68.9% versus 44.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.69 [95% CI, 2.04-6.68]; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality (4.3% versus 4.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.37-4.03]; P=0.80). However, EVT was associated with a higher risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (8.2% versus 3.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.86 [95% CI, 1.18-12.61]; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS:In this cohort of patients with acute mild BAO, EVT was associated with an improved 90-day functional outcome compared with standard medical treatment alone, although the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was increased.

Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), a noninvasive marker of arterial stiffness, serves as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This 7 year prospective cohort study of 10,055 adults aged 35-75 investigated whether ePWV mediates the association between physical activity (PA) and CVD risk. PA levels (high/moderate/low in 2016), ePWV (measured in 2018), and CVD incidence (2018-2023) were defined as exposure, mediator, and outcome, respectively. Cox models and causal mediation analysis (CMA) assessed associations and the natural indirect effect (NIE) of PA on CVD via ePWV. During follow-up, CVD incidence was 1.29/100 person-years. Elevated ePWV (≥ 10 m/s) significantly increased CVD risk (HR = 1.673, 95% CI 1.319, 2.124). ePWV may mediate the link between low/moderate PA and CVD incidence. In the high ePWV group (≥ 10 m/s), low/moderate PA levels showed an NIE of HR = 1.025 (95% CI 1.013, 1.041), with 10.6% of the effect mediated by ePWV. Arterial stiffness appears to mediate the association between PA and incident CVD in middle-aged and older adults. These findings highlight ePWV as a potential metric for CVD risk prediction, and future validation in randomized settings is required before considering clinical utility.

Background Shared decision-making (SDM) is increasingly recognized as a preferred model for cancer care, yet its relationship with patient-reported outcomes remains unclear in the context of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This study examined the associations of SDM with decision-making satisfaction, treatment decision usefulness, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in TCM. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among lung cancer patients treated with TCM anti-cancer injections in Shanghai, China. Participants completed questionnaires assessing SDM, decision-making satisfaction, treatment decision usefulness, and HRQoL. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the hypothetical model. Results A total of 347 participants (46.1% female, 64.8 ± 8.7 years) were included. Using the EQ-5D-5 L index value to represent HRQoL, SDM not only directly positively affected both decision-making satisfaction (β = 0.438, 95%CI: 0.206 – 0.639) and treatment decision usefulness (β = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.172 – 0.577), but indirectly positively affected HRQoL through treatment decision usefulness (β = 0.117, 95%CI: 0.028 – 0.290). A similar pattern was identified using the EQ-VAS score, with significant direct effects on decision-making satisfaction (β = 0.438, 95%CI: 0.206 – 0.639) and treatment decision usefulness (β = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.172 – 0.577), as well as an indirect effect on HRQoL through treatment decision usefulness (β = 0.083, 95%CI: 0.009 – 0.224). Conclusions SDM plays a positive role in improving decision-making satisfaction, treatment decision usefulness, and HRQoL among patients receiving TCM. These findings indicate its intrinsic value in patient–provider interactions and its associated benefits, potentially fostering the practice of SDM in TCM.

Introduction: The Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet has demonstrated benefits for brain health, yet evidence regarding its antihypertensive effects among older adults remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated associations between the MIND diet and blood pressure outcomes among Chinese older adults. Methods: Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between MIND diet scores and both baseline hypertension prevalence and incident hypertension. Repeated measures analysis of variance assessed adjusted mean differences in blood pressure between MIND diet score groups. Sensitivity analysis was conducted after imputing missing blood pressure values at follow-up using multiple imputation techniques. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that high MIND diet scores were negatively associated with baseline hypertension prevalence (P<0.05); however, no significant relationship was observed between MIND diet adherence and incident hypertension. Among participants who completed follow-up, those with high MIND diet scores had significantly lower blood pressure (P<0.05) compared to those with low scores. The adjusted mean differences for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were-1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.59, -0.31] mmHg and-1.09 (95% CI: -1.76, -0.41) mmHg, respectively. Similar results were observed among both participants with hypertension taking medication at baseline and those without hypertension at baseline. Sensitivity analyses following multiple imputation confirmed these findings. Conclusion: The study revealed the potential of the MIND diet to reduce blood pressure levels, providing new approaches for hypertension prevention among older adults.

Objective: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of cerebral infarction is considered as one of the most serious complications. Increasing evidence show that statin use might reduce the neuroinflammation and even improve clinical prognosis of stroke patients. However, there is not enough evidence that premorbid statin use may affect the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of premorbid long-term statin use in HT after acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed ischemic stroke patients in Huashan Hospital from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2022 based on hospital electronic case records. Since thrombolysis or thrombectomy might interfere with the effect of statin use we excluded patients who received thrombolysis or thrombectomy treatment. A matched case-control study was conducted for reducing the impact of various confounding factors. The independent roles of statin use and serum lipids in HT was evaluated by binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 254 ischemic stroke patients met the inclusion criteria and have been matched at 1:1 ratio, according age (+/- 5 years), admission NIHSS (+/- 3 scores), prior antiplatelets and anticoagulation therapy and previous stroke history. The patients without HT were regarded as control group. The percentage of HT was significantly lower in patients with premorbid long-term statin use (22.1 % vs. 41.7 %, p = 0.001). The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus and symptomatic deterioration (NIHSS increase >= 4) was higher in patients with HT. There were 18 patients having intracerebral hemorrhage before any reperfusion treatment. They had lower level of LDL-C (1.76 (1.73, 2.26) vs 2.72 (2.28, 3.09), p < 0.001) and were prone to previously take statins (55.6 % vs 16.5 %,p < 0.001). However, ECASS classification and all the outcome scores did not present any statistical difference in our study. In logistic regression analysis DM (OR = 2.001, 95 %CI 1.124-3.563, p = 0.018), increased levels of LDC-C (OR = 0.334, 95 %CI 0.172-0.649), p = 0.001) and HDL-C (OR = 13.303, 95 %CI 2.050-86.328, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors in occurrence of HT in patients with ischemic stroke, while premorbid statin use (OR = 0.269, 95 %CI 0.117-0.615, p = 0.002) could still be regarded as a protective factor in preventing intracranial hemorrhage after cerebral infarction. Additionally, lower level of LDL-C was also an independent risk factor in spontaneous HT after cerebral infarction (OR = 45.45, 95 %CI 5.62-333.33, p < 0.001), regardless of statin use. Conclusion: Premorbid long-term statin use plays a protective role in the HT after cerebral infarction. However, low serum LDL-C and high HDL-C might be independent risk factors in the occurrence of HT irrespective of statin use. The previous statin uses and serum lipid levels have no impact on prognosis of HT. (c) 2025 International Hemorrhagic Stroke Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

ObjectiveValvular heart disease has attracted global attention as the next heart epidemic. However, the control effect of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (NRVHD) is not ideal. We systematically and comprehensively assessed the epidemiological information and attributable risk factors of NRVHD from 1990 to 2019, and projections by 2035.MethodsData on NRVHD were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. We analyzed the disease burden by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) regions from 1990 to 2019 using the Joinpoint regression model. We calculated attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with potential risk factors using a comparative risk assessment. Additionally, Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis predicted the NRVHD burden for the next 15 years.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, incident, prevalent, and death cases, and DALYs of NRVHD gradually increased globally. The age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and prevalence rate (ASPR) of NRVHD continued to increase, while age-standardized mortality (ASMR) and DALYs rate (ASDR) gradually decreased. Subgroup analysis stratified by age, sex, and SDI regions suggested: (1) The global burden of NRVHD in women is generally decreasing. (2) In people older than 55 years, ASPR and ASIR continued to increase with aging, but the decline of ASMR and ASDR was relatively flat. (3) Despite an overall decline in ASMR and ASDR, the disease burden of NRVHD was highest in high SDI regions. High systolic blood pressure was the most prominent risk factor for NRVHD, with much higher mortality and DALYs than the high-sodium diet and lead exposure. The Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis demonstrated that ASIR (20.28 per 100,000 population) is on an upward trend, and ASMR (2.06 per 100,000 population) and ASDR (33.74 per 100,000 population) are on a downward trend in the next 15 years.ConclusionThe global burden of NRVHD remains high, especially among older adults and men in high SDI areas. However, ASMR and ASDR have declined for nearly 10 years and will likely continue to do so for the next 15 years. This suggests that current medical interventions and hypertension control strategies have been effective in reducing the NRVHD burden.

Next-generation hormonal-targeted therapies for advanced prostate cancer are widely used. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and health resource utilization (HRU) of novel hormonal agents (NHAs) compared to chemotherapy in a real-world context. After propensity score matching, survival analysis revealed no significant difference in overall survival between the individuals treated with NHAs and those treated with docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.11) in the cohort of 1,056 patients. Similar results were observed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91-1.14) and PSA response rate (72% [95% CI: 68-76%] for NHAs vs. 76% [95% CI: 72-80%] for docetaxel, p > 0.05). Additionally, patients treated with NHAs had a significantly lower annual HRU during follow up. These findings indicate comparable effectiveness between NHAs and chemotherapy, with a more favorable HRU profile for NHA-treated patients, suggesting potential cost-effectiveness of NHAs.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is crucial in patient-centered healthcare services, but its integration into routine medical care remains limited. This study aimed to investigate patients’ experience with SDM in both outpatient and inpatient settings, exploring how the quality of care provided by doctors and patient’s trust in doctors influence SDM across different contexts. This study utilized data from the regional cross-sectional surveys, including the 2019 Inpatient Experience and the 2021 Specialist Outpatient Experience survey in Hong Kong. Multivariable logistic regression and path analysis were conducted. A total of 20,675 participants were included (inpatients: n = 8,275; outpatients: n = 12, 400) in this study. The results indicated that inpatients perceiving better quality of doctor’s care were significantly more likely to participate in SDM (OR = 1.29, 95

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to analyze disease cost levels among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, examining differences in disease costs between those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those without T2DM while considering various demographic characteristics. Methods The study included respondents from colorectal cancer patients diagnosed and managed within the population‐based cancer registry system of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2020 to 2022. Diabetic colorectal cancer cases were matched with nondiabetic colorectal cancer controls using propensity scores, maintaining a 1:1 ratio between cases and controls; bias for the majority of the matched variables is below 10%. Direct, indirect, and intangible costs were estimated for study subjects. Results After propensity score matching, the analysis encompassed 376 cases of T2DM‐related CRC and 376 non‐T2DM CRC cases. The T2DM group exhibited higher direct medical costs (¥57,059.65 vs. ¥48,933.93, p < 0.05), direct nonmedical costs (¥9292.45 vs. ¥7969.35), indirect costs (¥300.13 vs. ¥241.11), intangible costs (¥3601.70 vs. ¥2631.96), and total disease costs (¥70,253.93 vs. ¥59,776.36, p < 0.05) compared to the non‐T2DM group. In Stage II CRC, direct medical costs were ¥74,008.39 for the T2DM group versus ¥57,368.84 for the non‐T2DM group. Among surgical patients, direct medical costs were ¥57,658.81 for the T2DM group versus ¥1337.00 for the non‐T2DM group, and ¥49,061.52 for the non‐T2DM surgical group versus ¥1089.00 for the non‐T2DM nonsurgical group. Conclusion Colorectal cancer imposes a substantial economic burden. Patients with CRC and concurrent T2DM experience a higher economic burden compared to nondiabetic patients. Notably, individuals with both T2DM and Stage II cancer face a significantly higher economic burden, whereas surgical patients exhibit a significantly greater disease burden than nonsurgical patients. Efforts should concentrate on primary prevention and secondary prevention to alleviate the economic burden associated with colorectal cancer.