Rima Bode is located on the central nearside of the Moon, with its rich volcanic landforms, which is considered an ideal region for studying lunar geological evolution. In this study, we systematically analyzed the geomorphological characteristics, composition, spatial thickness variations in basalts and pyroclastic deposits, thermophysical properties, and chronology of Rima Bode using the Kaguya Multiband (MI) data, Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data, Terrain Camera (TC) data, and the CE-2 Microwave Radiometer (MRM) data. The main results are as follows. (1) The basalts can be categorized into three distinct units (Regions II, III, and IV), and the distribution range of pyroclastic deposits was redefined. Using the crater excavation technique, the deposit thicknesses were constrained to 4.3–51.9 m for pyroclastic deposits and 2.3–269.2 m for basalts, establishing a quantitative stratigraphic framework; (2) this study reveals that pyroclastic deposits exhibit abnormally brightness temperature (TB) behaviors, with slower diurnal TB change rates, indicating their high thermal inertia. (3) Chronological analysis indicated that volcanism lasted for ~0.38 Ga, with at least four distinct episodes of volcanic eruptions, suggesting complex magmatic processes and continued thermal activity within this region. These findings establish a comprehensive geological framework for the Rima Bode region, thereby deepening our understanding of its geological evolution.

The Apollo basin, situated on the northeastern edge of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, is the sampling area for the Chang'e -6 (CE-6) mission. In this study, we investigated the microwave thermophysical properties of surface deposits in the region by comparing brightness temperature (TB) and TB difference (dTB) maps derived from CE2 Microwave Radiometer data combined with topography, chemical elements, and Moon Mineralogy Mapper products. The main results are as follows. (1) High dTB anomaly: A significant high dTB anomaly is identified near the CE-6 landing region, characterized by the highest FeO and TiO2 contents estimated from the small-fresh craters; (2) Basaltic Volcanism: High dTB anomaly is proposed as a new basaltic unit in late stage of mare infill, and, by combining derived ages and geomorphology, we provide a new perspective on the basaltic volcanism with four episodes of magma infill in the CE-6 landing region; (3) Thermophysical Parameters: The high dTB anomaly indicates the potential importance of analyzing the returned CE-6 samples to enhance our understanding of the Moon's surface deposits using the passive microwave remote sensing data.

The area far from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) is important for future landing exploration. Mare Crisium, located in the area, has been identified as an essential landing option for the Lunar Geophysical Network (LGN) mission. Utilizing high-resolution images, topographic data, surface compositions, and Chang'e-2 microwave radiometer (MRM) data, a systematic analysis and comparison have been done between Maria Crisium and Smythii in terms of geomorphological feature, regolith properties, lunar crust and mantle properties, and microwave thermal emission characteristics. The results indicate that, except for investigating central magnetic anomaly in situ, Mare Smythii can complete all the scientific goals in Mare Crisium proposed by predecessors. Moreover, Mare Smythii has more complex geomorphology; the regolith here has a high detection priority including the cryptomare, swirls, and the probable water ice and volatile; and there exists the MRM anomaly, probably representing a new material that has not been detected until now. Generally, Mare Smythii should have a high priority for future exploration of the lunar surface in the region far from the PKT.

The in situ lunar regolith explorations of Chang'E 3, 4, and 5 landing sites provide an essential reference for lunar research based on microwave radiometer (MRM) data from Chang'E 1 and 2 satellites. To eliminate the influence of the brightness temperature with latitude and highlight the relationship between the brightness temperature and the lunar regolith composition, the normalized brightness temperature and the brightness temperature difference maps were defined and produced. Based on Kaguya MI data, FeO, TiO2, clinopyroxene, and olivine abundances of Chang'E 3, 4, and 5 landing sites were calculated. Combined with the in situ exploration results, the microwave thermal emission properties of the regolith in Chang'E 3, 4, and 5 landing regions were systematically analyzed. The main findings are as follows: (1) the Chang'E 5 landing region has a stable brightness temperature performance, indicating that the variation of the lunar regolith composition with depth is insignificant in this area, which can be used as an essential reference for microwave thermal radiation anomaly research. (2) A stratified structure exists within the lunar regolith detection range of the Chang'E 3 landing region. With the lower, middle, and upper layers represented by the low-frequency data, high-frequency data, and optical results, respectively, the composition significantly changes. (3) Cold microwave anomalies were found and proposed in the Chang'E 4 landing region, and its nature and formation were preliminarily analyzed. The results show that microwave radiometer data can be used for identifying mare basalt, which can provide an important scientific reference for deepening future studies on the evolution of lunar mare magma.

The Moon is the nearest neighbor of the Earth and the first planet for human deep space exploration. Thus, the construction of long-term lunar research station will be great significant to further explore the deep space in 21st century. Mare Smythii is located at the junction of the lunar farside and nearside, and it is rich in the geological diversities and scientific values. In this paper, combined with the SLDEM 2015 elevation data, Clementine UV/VIS data, Kaguya MI data, and Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer data, the geological significance, topography, material composition, and microwave thermal emission features of Mare Smythii are thoroughly analyzed. Then, the region centered at (88oE, 1oN) is proposed for constructing the long-term lunar research station with high priority from the perspectives of scientific research, resources, and energy. Finally, three routes are outlined according to the surface topography, and 14 candidate exploring sites are planned aiming to scientific studies and resource utilizations. This study is of essential significance for the construction of the long term lunar research stations in future.

The cause of the hot anomaly is one of the important scientific aims of the current lunar studies. In this study, aimed at a rock-related hot anomaly revealed by the Diviner thermal infrared data, the brightness temperature (TB) derived from the Chang'e-2 microwave sounder (CELMS) data is employed to evaluate its thermophysical features of the regolith. According to the TB performances, the ilmenite-rich material is identified in the region. Thus, we denied the rock influence and ascribed the region as a potential cryptomare. This study provides a new way to evaluate the thermophysical features of the lunar regolith with the CELMS data.

糖尿病是一种全身慢性代谢性疾病,它可引起全身小动脉、微小血管硬化,造成局部血供不良引起组织缺氧缺血坏死,形成溃疡.糖尿病溃疡是糖尿病常见和严重的并发症,临床主要表现为局部溃疡、感染和坏疽,常给患者带来巨大的痛苦和沉重的经济负担.近年来,其发病率逐年上升,临床治疗难度大,影响因素多,效果欠佳,预后差.而中医外科治疗效果较其他方法安全有效.笔者近几年来以中药"祛腐生肌散"为主治疗糖尿病溃疡百例以上取得较满意的疗效,现总结报告如下.

胶原酶溶解术已成为治疗腰椎间突出症的一种有效手段.我院自1990年6月以来采用经硬膜外腔后间隙治疗腰椎间盘突出症1863例,效果满意.

脊柱结核窦道对人体健康威胁很大,轻者缠绵不愈,重者可使患者致残,甚至危及生命.可手术治疗,但创伤较大,往往需要两次以上手术,且复发率仍为6%左右.西医治疗效果不佳,对顽固性多节椎体结核形成的窦道更不理想.笔者从1985年用中药注塞疗法治疗合开窦道的顽固性脊柱结核窦道128例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下.