Over the past quarter century, the salmon aquaculture industry has grown rapidly. Price declines caused by the resulting worldwide increase in salmon production have severely impacted the salmon fishing industry, particularly in Alaska. In this paper, we examine the reasons behind the success of farm salmon. In addition to its inherent market advantages, farm salmon has benefitted from a legal structure that limits the ability of the fishing industry to adjust to competition. We look at these fisheries laws and at the impacts of various policy options on the future economic, ecological, and political sustainability of the fishing industry.

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exert significant influence on Southeast Asian rice output and markets. This paper measures ENSO effects on Indonesia's national and regional rice production and on world rice prices, using the August Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) to gauge climate variability. It shows that each degree Celsius change in the August SSTA produces a 1,318,000 metric ton effect on output and a $21/metric ton change in the world price for lower quality rice. Of the inter-annual production changes due to SSTA variation, 90% occur within 12 provinces, notably Java and South Sulawesi. New data and models offer opportunities to understand the agricultural effects of ENSO events, to reach early consensus on coming ENSO effects, and to use forecasting to improve agencies' and individuals' capacity to mitigate climate effects on food security. We propose that Indonesia hold an ‘ENSO summit’ each September to analyse the food-security implications of upcoming climate events.

From the docks of declining coastal villages to the desks of corporate and government offices, salmon farming has been hailed as a new hope for the world's ailing offshore fishing industry and a way to reduce pressure on severely depleted fish stocks. However, the aquaculture industry has grown so quickly that, in many areas-including the Pacific Northwest-it has outstripped the wherewithal to address its adverse ecological impacts. Will fish farms, in the end, do more harm than good? Or can they deliver on their sustainable promise?

The rapid rise of salmon netpen aquaculture (referred to as “aquaculture” or “salmon farming” in this chapter) has transformed global salmon markets. Since 1990, global farm salmon production has increased five-fold, and farms recently surpassed commercial fisheries as the largest source of marketed salmon (FAO 2003). Global salmon output, including fishery catch, has grown from less than 800 000 tonnes to more than 2 million tonnes during the past 15 years. Virtually all of the increase has come from farms. The global aquaculture industry, including salmon aquaculture, currently contributes over one-third of total world fish supplies (FAO 2003).