Traditionally, most of the sensor interfaces must be tailored towards a specific application. This design approach is inflexible and requires several iteration steps for new sensor applications. It usually results in high costs for low and medium quantity market products. On the other hand, generic interface design reduces the costs and may provide a handy solution for multisensor applications. This paper presents a generic architecture for sensor front-ends. The modular design methodology provides a flexible way to build a complete sensor interface out of configurable blocks. The settings of these blocks can be optimized according to the varying needs of the application. Furthermore, the system can easily be expanded with new building blocks. The modular system is illustrated in a generic sensor interface chip (GSIC) for capacitive sensors. The GSIC combines a very low power design (120μW in ON-state) with a smart optimization of the operation cycle. This results in an averaged consumption of 48μW in a physical activity monitoring system and 16.4μW in a pressure sensing system. Hence, the GSIC is a significant step towards low cost autonomous sensor nodes for the smart environment.

Traditionally, most of the sensor interfaces must be tailored towards a specific application. This design approach is inflexible and requires several iteration steps for new sensor applications. It usually results in high costs for low and medium quantity market products. On the other hand, generic interface design reduces the costs and may provide a handy solution for multisensor applications. This paper presents a generic architecture for sensor front-ends. The modular design methodology provides a flexible way to build a complete sensor interface out of configurable blocks. The settings of these blocks can be optimized according to the varying needs of the application. Furthermore, the system can easily be expanded with new building blocks. The modular system is illustrated in a generic sensor interface chip (GSIC) for capacitive sensors. The GSIC combines a very low power design (120 muW in ON-state) with a smart optimization of the operation cycle. This results in an averaged power consumption of 48 muW in a physical activity monitoring system. Hence, the GSIC is a significant step towards low cost autonomous sensor nodes for the smart environment

The drive towards an intelligent environment will give the first impulse to several sensor applications such as intelligent prostheses, sport evaluation, observation of livestock, etc. Conventional interfaces are tailored towards the requirements of one of these applications. This leads to a high design cost for these autonomous sensor systems. An ultra low power generic sensor interface offers an attractive solution for this problem. It allows us to adapt the front-end after it is taken in use. Moreover, a generic sensor interface is capable of reading out several sensors. This paper presents a Generic Sensor Interface Chip (GSIC), which can read out a broad range of capacitive sensors. The GSIC is designed as a complete system in order to optimize it for ultra low power consumption. It contains Capacitance-to-Voltage converters, a Switched Capacitor amplifier, an Analog-to-Digital Converter, oscillators, clock generation circuits and a reference circuit. The total system consumes merely 38 mu A in operational mode with a 3 V supply. The duty cycle management allows us to adapt the energy consumption according to the accuracy and speed requirements of the application. This results in an average current consumption of 1.3 mu A for an autonomous sensor application with 5 Hz bandwidth and 8-bit resolution.

Traditionally, most of the sensor interfaces must be tailored towards a specific application. This design approach is inflexible and requires several iteration steps for new sensor applications. It usually results in high costs for low and medium quantity market products. On the other hand, generic interface design reduces the costs and may provide a handy solution for multisensor applications. This paper presents a new generic architecture for ultra low power (ULP) capacitive sensor systems. It consists of a sensor interface followed by a modulator. The sensor interface (capacitance to voltage converters and switched capacitor (SC) amplifier) works on a lower clock frequency, 8kHz, than the modulator, 128kHz, to achieve very low power consumption. A new capacitance to voltage converter with class AB and correlated double sampling (CDS) operation reduces the shunt conductance leakage. The system maintains a smart power management by adapting biasing currents, measurement time and duty cycle according to the needs of the application (parasitic element reduction, accuracy and speed). The proposed architecture provides an interface to a broad range of capacitive sensors. The simulations show that the readout circuitry consumes merely 29μA in operational mode with a 3V power supply.

Generic sensor interface design reduces the design costs and offers a handy solution for multisensor applications. However, the main disadvantages of generic readout circuits are loss of performance and increased power consumption. The ability to program the front-end would have an important impact on the accuracy of the sensor readout. This paper studies the effect of programmability on an ultra low power generic capacitive sensor interface. It also provides an algorithm, which calculates the optimal configuration settings for each application.

In this paper, we compare different models for the interpolation and extrapolation of the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) in biological tissues produced by an electromagnetic source. The configuration under study is a spherical benchmark at 900 MHz. The spatial distribution of the SAR is well-known [1] for this configuration. Based on these data, one can do a virtual measurement on a realistically large grid. These measurement data can be used to evaluate the efficiency of each model. The best models provide an accurate evaluation of the SAR in a large volume with a limited number of measurement points.

The cotrimerization of phenylacetylene and diethynylbenzene yields high molecular weight highly branched polyphenyls. The polymers obtained have the usual thermal stability. They are soluble in common chlorinated solvents.

AbstractThe reaction of polydiethynylbenzene with hydrazine is described. The resulting polypyrazole has good tensile properties and good thermal stability. N‐Methylhydrazine and hydroxylamine react in a similar way but product properties are inferior. Polypyrazole polymers can easily be modified with acid chlorides or isocyanates.

AbstractThe reactions of polydiethynylbenzene with hydrogen sulfide or primary amines are described. The properties of the resulting fully aromatic polymers are reported.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(hexamethylphosphoramide) and Its CopolymerA. Bello, W. Bracke, J. Jagur-Grodzinski, G. Sackmann, and M. SzwarcCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 1, 98–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60013a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (312 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

AbstractA preparation for 1,2,5,6‐tetraaminoanthraquinone was worked out. The reactivity of this compound in nucleophilie substitutions and nucleophilic additions was studied. Polymers were made by condensation with pyromellitic anhydride, terephthaloyl chloride, and isophthaloyl chloride. The synthesis and properties of the corresponding model compounds are also reported. After reduction with sodium dithionite, the polymers are soluble in dimethylformamide–water mixtures.

The stable radical anions (I·–) absorb oxygen to form a diamagnetic peroxide –I·O·O·I–, whose photolysis (500–700 nm) leads to the rupture of a C–O bond and reformation of 1/2 of the original radical-ions without evolution of oxygen.

AbstractDas Diketon (I) bildet bei Umsetzung mit Diphenylnatrium in Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid ein Radikalanion, das an der Luft in das Peroxid (II) übergeht.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of carbonium ions by Cl+ transfer from antimony pentachloride to olefinsW. Bracke, W. J. Cheng, J. Michael Pearson, and Michael SzwarcCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 1, 203–204Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01029a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (257 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymers with Anthrazoline Units in the Main ChainWilliam BrackeCite this: Macromolecules 1969, 2, 3, 286–289Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60009a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60009a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

In this paper, we compare different models for the interpolation and extrapolation of the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) in biological tissues produced by an electromagnetic source. The configuration under study is a spherical benchmark at 900 MHz. The spatial distribution of the SAR is well-known (1) for this configuration. Based on these data, one can do a virtual measurement on a realistically large grid. These measurement data can be used to evaluate the efficiency of each model. The best models provide an accurate evaluation of the SAR in a large volume with a limited number of measurement points.