This paper examines one possible growth strategy and policy approach to deal with Dutch Disease, i.e., the use of export processing zones (EPZs). It extends recent previous international cross- sectional research employing panel data to examine the determinants of economic growth. Using the endogenous growth theoretical framework, a question asked concerns the effects on growth of country use of export processing zones (EPZs) as a policy mechanism. The novelty of the analysis is that it incorporates the use of EPZs in the empirical estimates of a growth equation. The analysis demonstrates a positive and significant relationship between the use of EPZs and economic growth, providing support for the contention that host countries (using EPZs) grow faster than countries that have not employed such mechanisms. The policy implication is that country governments that have eschewed the use of EPZs might be well advised to re-examine their policies.

This paper develops and employs an estimating procedure to measure the net effect of economic policies in providing incentives for domestic market production and sales, as reflected through observed price divergences. Employing direct comparisons of international and domestic prices over a wide range of products, estimates are made for Brazil of implicit tariffs, implicit nominal protection and effective protection for domestic market sales. While the welfare costs of protection are substantial, the observed structure of effective protection is seen to favor those industries where there is still some scope for further import substitution. The available evidence also suggests that Brazilian trade policies protect physical and human capital to the detriment of those activities providing the greatest use of unskilled labor. Using the same effective incentives estimating framework, estimates are made of effective rates of export promotion. It is seen that in many instances the discrimination against exports imposed in the form of anti-export biases through the constallation of commercial policies is considerable.

Die Benachteiligung der Exporte durch eine protektionistische Handelspolitik und die Entwicklung der Exporte: Neuere brasilianische Erfahrungen. — Die Ergebnisse dieses Aufsatzes sind zwar auf Brasilien beschränkt, erhöhen aber das immer gröβer werdende empirische Wissen darüber, daβ eine protektionistische Handelspolitik das Wachstum der Exporte behindert. Auβerdem scheinen die Ausfuhren auf einen Wandel in der Politik zu reagieren, wenn sich die Diskriminierung im Auβenhandel aufgrund wirtschaftspolitischer Maβnahmen verstärkt. Länder, die ihren Export steigern möchten, sollten sowohl die Protektion ihres heimischen Marktes als auch die direkten Maβnahmen zur Förderung des Exports überprüfen.

This paper analyzes the empirical relationship between economic growth and export expansion in developing countries as observed through an intercountry cross-section. Employing data from 55 middle income developing countries for the period 1960–1977, bivariate tests revealed significant positive associations between growth and various other economic variables including the growth of manufacturing output, investment, total exports, and manufacturing exports. A production function model was also specified and estimated with the cross-sectional data. The results indicated that export performance was important, along with capital formation, in explaining the intercountry variance in GDP growth rates during the 1960–1977 period.

This paper estimates firm specific indexes of technical efficiency for the Brazilian plastics and steel industries. Two different indexes are employed for the empirical estimates—the Farrell index and an index developed from a linear programming approximation of a nonstochastic frontier production function specified in the Cobb-Douglas functional form. Evidence of substantial relative technical inefficiency is revealed. In both industries only a very small proportion of all the observed firms were producing amounts of output greater than 80 percent of that technically possible on the estimated frontier. Relative efficiency of the firms in the two industries was not seen to be significantly related to ownership (foreign or government), but tests did suggest a tendency for larger firms, possessing larger market shares, to be closer to the frontier than smaller firms.

Technische Leistungsfähigkeit und Eigentumsmerkmale von gewerblichen Unternehmen in einem Entwicklungsland: Eine brasilianische Fallstudie. — In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, zwei Dinge zu tun: (1) eine qualitative Beurteilung der Leistungen verschiedener Gruppen von Unternehmungen vorzunehmen, die nach den Eigentumsverhältnissen klassifiziert wurden, und (2) Analysen und Schätzungen auf der Basis von Produktionsfunktionen durchzuführen, um die relativen Unterschiede zwischen ausländischen, einheimischen und Staatsunternehmungen in bezug auf Leistungsfähigkeit und Skalenerträge zu ermitteln. Es wurde festgestellt, daβ für unterschiedliche Eigentumsklassen unterschiedliche Produktionsfunktionen gelten. Es werden Belege dafür vorgelegt, daβ Firmen in ausländischem Eigentum gröβere Skalenerträge erzielen und gröβere Substitutionselastizitäten besitzen als Industrieunternehmen, die im Eigentum von Inländern stehen.

This paper provides an empirical estimation of a stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function using micro data from a cross-section of Brazilian manufacturing firms. Following a procedure developed by Aigner, Lovell and Schmidt incorporating both stochastic and efficiency disturbance terms in the estimating model, maximum likelihood techniques are used for the estimation of the stochastic frontier. A measure of mean technical efficiency is also developed and employed with the Brazilian data. Unlike the previous empirical exercises carried out with aggregated data, the efficiency disturbance with the Brazilian micro data estimates is not swamped by the stochastic disturbance.

The International ExecutiveVolume 18, Issue 1 p. 17-19 Books Of Note Brazil: a study in development progress Stefan H. Robock Professor, Stefan H. Robock Professor Columbia University. Lexington (Mass.): D. C. Heath, 1975, 204 p. $14.00Search for more papers by this author Stefan H. Robock Professor, Stefan H. Robock Professor Columbia University. Lexington (Mass.): D. C. Heath, 1975, 204 p. $14.00Search for more papers by this author First published: Winter 1976 https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060180109AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume18, Issue1Winter 1976Pages 17-19 RelatedInformation

Previous articleNext article No AccessManufactured Exports and Employment Creation in Developing Countries: Some Empirical EvidenceWilliam G. TylerWilliam G. Tyler Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 24, Number 2Jan., 1976 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450873 Views: 9Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1976 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Selected Bibliography, (Jan 1979): 99–141.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-024644-4.50013-9

Traditionally, examinations of the international relations of the less developed countries (LDCs) have focused on influences that can be attributed generally as originating in the developed countries (DCs). In fact, relatively few scholarly analyses of inter-LDC relations have been undertaken. Since South-South relations have grown appreciably in recent years, however, it is important that a framework for studying these relations be developed, and this framework must include an awareness of the significance of the international economic system

Journal Article LABOUR ABSORPTION WITH IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING INDUSTRIALIZATION: AN EXAMINATION OF ELASTICITIES OF SUBSTITUTION IN THE BRAZILIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR Get access WILLIAM G. TYLER WILLIAM G. TYLER University of Florida and Kiel University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 26, Issue 1, March 1974, Pages 93–103, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041278 Published: 01 March 1974

Ein Modell über den Zusammenhang zwischen Einkommensverteilung und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung. — Das in dem vorliegenden Aufsatz entwickelte Modell beweist, da\ die Einkommensverteilung eine wichtige Rolle bei der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung weniger entwickelter LÄnder spielen kann. Die Einkommensverteilung ist nicht nur etwa von Interesse für vage Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen, sondern sie kann selbst einen grö\eren Beitrag zum Wachstumsproze\ leisten. Der gewöhnlich behauptete »trade-off« zwischen Wachstum und Gerechtigkeit sollte nicht vorschnell akzeptiert werden. Es lÄ\t sich zeigen, da\ diese Wachstums-Gerechtigkeits-Alternative unter gewissen UmstÄnden nicht besteht. Eine ungleiche Einkommensverteilung kann nÄmlich einen Engpa\ für weiteres Wachstum bilden.