Journal of Applied IchthyologyVolume 26, Issue 3 p. 420-423 Initial evaluation of various foods and diets in feed training wild-caught Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) onto a commercial diet A. M. Lazur, A. M. Lazur Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. Markin, E. Markin Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. Van Heukelem, W. Van Heukelem Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this author A. M. Lazur, A. M. Lazur Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. Markin, E. Markin Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. Van Heukelem, W. Van Heukelem Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01363.xCitations: 2 Author’s address: Andrew M. Lazur, Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, PO Box 754, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, 2006: Guidelines for stocking cultured Atlantic sturgeon for supplementation or reintroduction. Special Report No. 87, pp. 36. Bardi, R. W., Jr; Chapman, F. A.; Barrows, F. T., 1998: Feeding trials with hatchery-produced Gulf of Mexico sturgeon larvae. Prog. Fish Cult. 60, 25– 31. Brosse, L.; Dumont, P.; Lepage, M.; Rochard, E., 2002: Evaluation of a gastric lavage method for sturgeon. North Am. J. Fish. Manage. 22, 955– 960. Dilauro, M. N., 1998: Renewal of voluntary feeding by wild-caught Atlantic sturgeon juveniles in captivity. Prog. Fish Cult. 60, 311– 314. Kasumyan, A. O., 1999: Olfaction and taste sense in sturgeon behaviour. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15, 228– 232. Kasumyan, A. O.; Kazhlaev, A. A., 1993: Formation of searching behavioural reaction and olfactory sensitivity to food chemical signals during ontogeny of sturgeons. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33, 51– 65. Klassen, C. N.; Peake, S. J., 2008: Effect of diet switch timing and food source on survival of lake sturgeon. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 24, 527– 533. Mohler, J. W. 2003: Culture manual for the Atlantic sturgeon. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5 Publ., Hadley, Massachusetts, pp. 66. Shamushaki, J. V. A.; Abtahi, B.; Kasumyan, A. O.; Kenari, A. A.; Ghorbani, R., 2008: Taste attractiveness of free amino acids for juveniles of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 48, 124– 133. Citing Literature Volume26, Issue3June 2010Pages 420-423 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The need for precise estimates of chemical components of fish is common among the fields of aquaculture, fish health, and bioenergetics in fisheries management. Proximate composition is a widely used tool for obtaining this level of information but is time consuming and requires homogenization of the entire fish, limiting the ability to obtain additional information from the same individual. Exploratory chemical component analysis of differing body regions of age-1 (215-290-mm) striped bass Morone saxatilis suggests that the abdominal wall (belly flap) is an appropriate surrogate for estimating whole-body proximate composition. Belly flaps showed strong linear relationships with total lipid composition (R-2 = 0.91) and moisture (R-2 = 0.82) but were more variable with respect to protein (R-2 = 0.22) and ash (R-2 = 0.26). Equations derived from these linear relationships allowed for accurate estimation of total-body energy, water, lipid, dry mass, fat-free dry mass, and protein (R-2 > 0.89). Strong linear relationships were also found for belly flap lipid and moisture and the same components measured in fillets (lipid: R-2 = 0.82; moisture: R-2 = 0.73). We conclude that sampling an otherwise unused portion of the fish can provide precise chemical compositional information without sacrificing product and can allow for additional information to be obtained from the same organism.

Lack of swim bladder (gas bladder) inflation can be a serious problem in the culture of striped bass Morone saxatilis, resulting in high mortalities and skeletal anomalies. We undertook a heritability study to examine the genetic basis for this trait. A 7 X 10 (female X male) factorial mating study resulted in 70 full-sibling families. Each full-sibling family was reared individually for 10 d posthatch, and sampled surviving larvae were microscopically examined for swim bladder inflation. Full-sibling and dam half-sibling heritability estimates were 0.35 and 0.04, respectively. Low half-sibling heritabilities indicate that there is little additive genetic variance that can be exploited for selection purposes. The higher full-sibling estimates suggest swim bladder inflation is predominantly influenced by dominance, epistatis, or environmental factors.

Mesodinium rubrum (Lohmann 1908) Jankowski 1976 (= Myrionecta rubra)(1,2) is a common photosynthetic marine planktonic ciliate which can form coastal red-tides(3). It may represent a 'species complex'(4,5) and since Darwin's voyage on the Beagle, it has been of great cytological, physiological and evolutionary interest(4). It is considered to be functionally a phytoplankter because it was thought to have lost the capacity to feed and possesses a highly modified algal endosymbiont(5,6). Whether M. rubrum is the result of a permanent endosymbiosis or a transient association between a ciliate and an alga is controversial(7). We conducted 'feeding' experiments to determine how exposure to a cryptophyte alga affects M. rubrum. Here we show that although M. rubrum lacks a cytostome (oral cavity)(8), it ingests cryptophytes and steals their organelles, and may not maintain a permanent endosymbiont. M. rubrum does not fall into recognized cellular or functional categories, but may be a chimaera partially supported by organelle robbery.

Commercial hybrid striped bass production is one of the fastest growing segments of the US aquaculture industry. However, broodstock domestication and selective breeding on a production scale have yet to be exploited. We reared progeny from five wild striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations representing New York to Florida at two facilities (Horn Point Laboratory (HPL), Cambridge, MD and AquaFuture (AFI), Turners Falls, MA). Some 19 families were grown for approximately 150 days in recirculating aquaculture systems and evaluated for differences in growth rate. Maryland and Florida Blackwater populations exhibited higher growth rates than the South Carolina and New York strains (P<.05) with Florida St. John's fish showing intermediate growth. All strains grew significantly faster at AFI than HPL (P=0.001) with absolute growth rate (g/day) strongly correlated at the two facilities (SCC=0.823, P=0.0001).

Triploidy induction is a technique that allows genetic manipulation of chromosome number to control reproduction and potentially create faster-growing animals; however, most methods for inducing polyploidy are not 100% effective. Using sunshine bass (white bass Morone chrysops female X striped bass M. saxatilis male) as a model, we cross-validated the most common verification techniques: DNA staining and fluorescence quantification with a how cytometer, erythrocyte nuclear volume with a Coulter counter particle size analyzer, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and cytological karyotyping. Results indicated that the electronic techniques of particle size analysis and flow cytometry were the simplest and quickest methods of validation. The major drawback of both electronic ploidy determination methods is the cost of the equipment required for analysis. Cytological karyotyping was the most accurate method for determining polyploidy because actual chromosome numbers were determined. It was also the most time-consuming, tedious, and frustrating of the techniques, which reduces its applicability in mass screening of fish. Silver staining was the least expensive technique used for verifying a nominal number of fish, but it was also the most suspect because the NORs were sometimes difficult to detect, and there were conflicting results in older fish. All techniques demand a certain technical competence that can either be self-taught or requires extramural training.

Global change poses new challenges for pest management. Omnivorous predatory arthropods play an important role in pest management, yet their potential has not been fully explored. Not only do they consume prey, but their plant-feeding induces plant defences that decrease herbivores’ performance, and increases production of volatiles that attract natural enemies. Growing evidence from different plant-arthropod systems indicates the generality of plant defence induction following omnivore plant-feeding. Furthermore, these responses appear to affect other organisms (e.g. plant viruses), altering multi-trophic interactions. Here, we review the dual role of omnivores (as predators and plant inducers), identify knowledge gaps and provide future perspectives to increase our understanding of omnivores’ multiple functions, and how this can be applied to advance plant protection strategies.