In this case report, we described the successful treatment of a 17-year-old male with Class II Division 2 and a Brodie occlusion, with bilateral scissor bite, maxillomandibular transverse discrepancy, deep overbite and Class II molar relationship, using a fixed Herbst appliance. The treatment was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the Herbst appliance was used to advance the mandible, correcting the sagittal relationship while simultaneously improving transverse and vertical discrepancies, with minimal reliance on patient compliance. In the second phase, fixed appliances combined with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were employed to refine tooth alignment, coordinate the arches, and achieve a stable occlusion. Following treatment, all objectives were achieved, including complete correction of the bilateral scissors-bite, normalization of overjet and overbite, coordinated arch forms, and bilateral Class I molar relationships. The patient's facial profile and smile aesthetics were notably improved. Stability was confirmed after a 3-year retention period. This case highlights the effectiveness of Herbst therapy followed by TAD-assisted orthodontics in achieving functional correction, aesthetic enhancement, and long-term stability in patients with Brodie bite and complex three-dimensional discrepancies.

Introduction: This case report presents the successful orthodontic camouflage treatment of a low-angle adult patient with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion who refused orthognathic surgery. The study highlights the clinical outcomes achieved by establishing occlusion in the functional retruded position. Case description: A 22-year-old female presented with anterior crossbite (reverse overjet/overbite of 7-8mm), concave profile, and functional mandibular retrusion to an edge-to-edge incisor relationship. Cephalometric analysis showed SNA: 76.6°, SNB: 85.69° (initial)/81.53° (retruded), ANB: -9.08°(initial)/-4.85°(retruded), U1-SN: 111° (initial), IMPA: 84.35° (initial), FMA: 12.15° (initial)/18.87° (retruded). Diagnosis: skeletal Class III with low facial angle. Treatment plan: maxillary alignment without extraction, mandibular extraction of 34/44 for incisor retraction and crossbite correction. Treatment outcomes(23 months): complete Class III molar relationship, distal cusp-to-cusp canine occlusion, normal overjet/overbite (3mm), improved facial profile with reduced mandibular protrusion (SNB: 85.69°→84.29°), and mandibular clockwise rotation (FMA: 12.15°→18.87°) were achieved. Discussion: Functional mandibular retrusion allowed orthodontic camouflage through differential mechanics. The clockwise rotation of the mandible helps correct crossbite and improve facial profile.Key considerations included controlling vertical dimension, incisor inclination, and avoiding dental compensations exceeding skeletal limits. Conclusion/clinical significance: For patients with low-angle severe skeletal Class III malocclusion accompanied by a functional retruded position of the mandible, conducting orthodontic camouflage treatment based on the position offers a non-surgical treatment alternative.

This case report illustrates the successful nonsurgical and nonextraction treatment of a 12-year-old boy with skeletal Class II deep bite malocclusion undergoing two-phase clear aligner treatment. During A6 mandibular advancement phase, Class II buccal segment relationship was corrected by differential forward growth of the mandible, unplanned distalization of maxillary posterior teeth, and unplanned mesialization of mandibular posterior teeth. The maxillary sagittal curve of occlusion was deepened, the mandibular curve of Spee was not fully levelled, and the maxillary arch experienced downward-backward rotation resulting in premature contact on anterior and posterior open bite. Buccal crown tipping of maxillary posterior teeth was observed after arch expansion. The forward growth of the mandible improved the skeletal relationship, and the advancement of the chin position and sagittal movements of the incisors altered the nose-lip-chin relationship, resulting in an improved profile of the patient. During refinement phase, the posterior open bite was corrected. The mandibular plane angle did not increase throughout the treatment. The patient was satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcome.

目的 探究正畸牙移动中脂联素(adiponectin,APN)调控磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(Phosphatidy linositol 3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白质丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(Protein serine threonine kinase,AKt)信号通路对牙周组织改建的影响.方法 选取60只大鼠构建正畸牙移动模型并随机分为空白组、PBS组(注射PBS)、APN组(注射APN),以及APN+胰岛素生长因子1(Insulin growth factor 1,IGF-1)组(注射APN,同时给予PI3K/AKt通路激活剂IGF-1),每组15只.观察加力后1,7,14 d第1磨牙移动距离及破骨细胞数量,观察14 d时牙周组织形态,比较各组牙周组织PI3K、AKtmRNA表达及PI3K、p-PI3K、AKt、p-AKt蛋白表达.结果 加力后7 d,14 d,APN组第1磨牙移动距离明显小于空白组(P＜0.05),APN组新骨形成量及新骨矿化程度高于空白组、PBS组,APN组破骨细胞数量明显少于空白组(P＜0.05).APN组牙周组织PI3K、AKtmRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKt蛋白表达均明显低于空白组(P＜0.05).APN+IGF-1 组PI3K、AKtmRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKt蛋白表达均明显高于APN组(P＜0.05).结论 APN可降低正畸牙移动大鼠模型压力侧破骨细胞数量及牙移动速度,在延缓正畸牙移动牙周组织改建过程中具有重要作用,其机制可能是通过抑制PI3K/AKt信号通路实现.

INTRODUCTION:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical efficacy of SmartTrack aligner in rotational movement of the anterior tooth by 15°-30°, and to analyze the factors influencing anterior tooth rotational movement. METHODS:A total of 212 teeth, including 4 tooth types (maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and mandibular canine) that require anterior tooth rotational movement by 15°-30° were selected from 123 patients, with a mean age of 25.6 years. Rotational movements were calculated from the superimposition of the initial and predicted models (predicted rotational movement) and from the superimposition of the initial and achieved models (achieved rotational movement) using the best-fit alignment tool in NX Imageware. The difference between the predicted and achieved rotational movements (DPARM) was calculated. Univariate analysis, categorical regression analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed on 7 variables: age, gender, tooth type, predicted rotational movement, attachment type, interproximal reduction (IPR), and the total number of active aligners. RESULTS:The mean DPARM when the anterior tooth was rotated 15°-30° was 4.46° (range, -3.52° to 25.28°). Regression analysis showed that the patient's age, IPR, tooth type, and predicted rotational movement affected DPARM (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Factors influencing the DPARM of the anterior tooth include the patient's age, tooth type, the magnitude of the predicted rotational movement, and whether or not IPR was prescribed.

White spot lesions and enamel cracks are the 2 most prominent diseases that occur after orthodontic treatment and are caused by enamel demineralization from accumulated bacterial biofilms and/or enamel damage caused by the removal of residual adhesive after bracket debonding. Inspired by the self-assembled amelogenin nanoribbons in enamel, we developed an enamel coating with a self-assembling antimicrobial peptide, D-GL13K, to simultaneously reduce demineralization and residual adhesive. The self-assembled amphiphilic nanoribbons significantly increased the hydrophobicity of the etched enamel, which reduced the permeability of the coated enamel surfaces as desired. The antimicrobial activity of this coating was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans by colony-forming unit counting and live/dead assays. The anti-demineralization effect was demonstrated by the reduced demineralization depth analyzed by optical coherence tomography and the increased Vickers hardness. The coatings did not reduce the shear bond strength but significantly reduced the adhesive remnant index score. This bioinspired enamel coating may provide a new strategy for preventing white spot lesions and enamel cracks after orthodontic treatment.

Dental materials are susceptible to dental plaque formation, which increases the risk of biofilm-associated oral diseases. Physical-chemical properties of dental material surfaces can affect salivary pellicle formation and bacteria attachment, but relationships between these properties have been understudied. We aimed to assess the effects of surface properties and adsorbed salivary pellicle on Streptococcus gordonii adhesion to traditional dental materials. Adsorption of salivary pellicle from one donor on gold, stainless steel, alumina and zirconia was monitored with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angles measurement before and after pellicle adsorption. Visualization and quantification of Live/Dead stained bacteria and scanning electron microscopy were used to study S. gordonii attachment to materials with and without pellicle. The work of adhesion between surfaces and bacteria was also determined. Adsorption kinetics and the final thickness of pellicle formed on the four materials were similar. Pellicle deposition on all materials increased surface hydrophilicity, surface energy and work of adhesion with bacteria. Surfaces with pellicle had significantly more attached bacteria than surfaces without pellicle, but the physical-chemical properties of the dental material did not significantly alter bacteria attachment. Our findings suggested that the critical factor increasing S. gordonii attachment was the salivary pellicle formed on dental materials. This is attributed to increased work of adhesion between bacteria and substrates with pellicle. New dental materials should be designed for controlling bacteria attachment by tuning thickness, composition and structure of the adsorbed salivary pellicle.

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been found to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis and in evaluating prognosis of multiple neoplasms. PANDAR (promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA), a newly discovered cancer-associated RNA is abnormally expressed in a wide variety of tumors. Expression and the functional role of PANDAR in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however, needs to be completely elucidated. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect expression levels of lncRNA PANDAR in OSCC tissues and corresponding paracancerous normal tissues in 92 OSCC patients, four OSCC cell lines, and a normal oral keratinocytes cell line. Association between expression of PANDAR and clinicopathological features of OSCC patients was also analyzed. For analysis of overall survival data, Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed. The prognostic value of PANDAR was examined by Cox regression analysis. PANDAR levels were knocked down in OSCC cell line Tca8113 by using PANDAR siRNA. Function of PANDAR on tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was further evaluated by MTT and Transwell assays in vitro. Results: PANDAR was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines (P < 0.05) and its high expression level was found to be closely associated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.004) and positive distant metastasis (P = 0.001). Furthermore, overall survival rate of OSCC patients with high PANDAR expression was poorer than patients with low PANDAR expression (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that expression level of PANDAR can be used as an independent prognostic indicator for OSCC. Functionally, knockdown of PANDAR can inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PANDAR may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and a new molecular target for new therapies for OSCC patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro pilot study was to evaluate the effects of xylitol and sodium fluoride containing dentifrices on the surface topography of sound human enamel following acid-etching, using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Methods: Enamel surfaces from caries-free human molar teeth (n=10) underwent debridement, and dental prophylaxis. Each tooth was sectioned into 5 portions, with each tooth portion assigned to a specific treatment group: 1) acid-etching (35% phosphoric acid gel, 60 seconds); 2) acid-etching followed by synthetic saliva rinsing; 3) acid-etching followed by treatment with Fluoride Free Xylitol Toothpaste (25% xylitol) and synthetic saliva rinsing; 4) acid-etching followed by treatment with Fluoride and Xylitol Toothpaste (31% xylitol, 0.243% sodium fluoride) and synthetic saliva rinsing; and 5) acid-etching followed by treatment with Sodium Fluoride Toothpaste with No Xylitol (0.243% sodium fluoride) and synthetic saliva rinsing. Enamel surfaces from an additional 10 caries-free human teeth served as untreated control teeth that only underwent soft tissue debridement and prophylaxis. Dentifrice treatment was performed for 120 seconds twice daily with synthetic saliva rinsing between dentifrice applications followed by synthetic saliva rinsing at 37°C for 7 days with fresh synthetic saliva replenished on a daily basis. Following the experimental period, the tooth portions were prepared for scanning electron microscopy using standardized techniques. Results: Acid-etching alone created type 1 etching patterns with a finely porous enamel surface. With acidetching followed by synthetic saliva rinsing, the effects of acid-etching were obscured by a finely granular surface coating with fine porosities. With acid-etching followed by xylitol only dentifrice treatment and synthetic saliva rinsing, enamel surfaces showed fine granular coatings with no obvious porosities. Enamel surfaces that were acid-etched then treated with the xylitol with fluoride dentifrice and rinsed with synthetic saliva possessed homogenous surface coatings with areas with finely granular to globular deposits. Acid-etched enamel surfaces that were treated with the fluoride dentifrice without xylitol and rinsed with synthetic saliva had surface coatings with numerous relatively large globoid deposits, morphologically resembling calcium fluoride deposits. Clinical significance: The clinical application of the results from the current in vitro pilot study relate to the procedure of acid-etching teeth for adhesive dental materials. With acid-etching, there is a residual exposed etched enamel surface following sealant, restoration or orthodontic bracket placement. Application of xylitol containing fluoridated dentifrice may facilitate fluoride uptake from the dentifrice and calcium and phosphate uptake from saliva, aid in the elimination of the surface effects of acid-etching, and allow for remineralization of the acid-damaged enamel surface that was not protected by adhesive resin placement.