Eye gestures have been acknowledged as a crucial real-time input channel for human-computer interaction, especially for people with disabilities who lack fine motor skills. However, existing eye-gesture-based interactions mainly rely on gaze duration, which can cause visual fatigue and is not user-friendly for those with disabilities. To address these issues, we propose acceptable interactive paths based on eye gestures in multiple contexts, such as reading and selection, to assist impaired individuals in interacting efficiently and naturally in their daily work. In the selection context, cursor movement is accomplished by fixation position, while single and double clicks of the left mouse button are executed through blink frequency. In the reading context, page scrolling is controlled by the vertical coordinates of the fixation position. In experiments, we set up reading and selection contexts to evaluate and compare the constructed interaction paths with the existing system. The experimental results demonstrate that the interaction paths proposed in this paper are efficient and natural.

In this work, to better understand the propagation mechanism of plasma bullets in capillary tubes, the propagation of plasma stream in a special designed U-shape tube is investigated. First, it’s observed that the smaller the distance d between the bended tubes is, the shorter the total length of the plasma stream is. Second, when d is reduced to 1 mm, the plasma stream in the lower part of the tube propagates along the upper inner surface of the tube rather than propagating in the whole tube uniformly. Third, high-speed photographs show that the plasma bullet starts to accelerate as soon as the secondary discharge is ignited, and propagating along the upper inner surface of the lower part of the tube. Such behavior is totally different with the propagation of plasma streams in straight tube. According to these results, we can conclude that the surface discharge plays an important role in the propagation of the plasma bullet and the conductivity of the plasma channel is relatively low, which is important for understanding the plasma bullet behavior.

Summary form only given. Atmospheric-pressure room-temperature plasma jets are commonly used in plasma medicine, nanotechnology, as well as surface and materials processing. Most of the applications require room-temperature operation while completely avoiding the glow-to-arc transitions. To meet these requirements, the atmospheric plasma jets are usually sustained in noble gases. However, this is very challenging for the open-air operation. Moreover, the cross-sections of the plasma plumes are typically very small, which make large-area surface processing particularly difficult. One promising way to overcome this shortcoming is by using the plasma jet arrays. However, since the individual plasma plumes generated by the arrayed plasma jets are in most cases independent and do not merge in open air, it is very difficult to achieve uniform plasmas and surface treatment effects. In this paper, we demonstrate a homogenous cold air plasma glow with a large cross-section generated by a direct current power supply. There is no risk of glow-to-arc transitions, and the plasma glow appears uniform regardless of the gap between the nozzle and the surface being processed. Detailed studies show that both the position of the quartz tube and the gas flow rate affect the plasma characteristics. Further investigation indicates that the residual charges trapped on the inner surface of the quartz tube may be responsible for the generation of the air plasma plume with a large cross-section. Moreover, the spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the air plasma plume is uniform as it propagates out of the nozzle. The air plasma plume with remarkable improvement of the plasma uniformity is used to improve the bio-compatibility of a glass coverslip over a reasonably large area. This improvement is demonstrated by a much more uniform and effective attachment and proliferation of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells on the plasma-treated surface.

Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC. When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.

An advanced joint optimal reset control (ORC) scheme based on linear principle is proposed for current controls and uncertainties estimations in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The joint ORC consists of ORC current controllers and ORC uncertainty observers. It has been proved that the optimal reset law (ORL) of ORC can be obtained by solving algebraic Riccati equations. Based on the ORC theory, the system stability is guaranteed. Owing to the fast convergence of the ORC uncertainty observers, real-time feed-forward compensations of uncertainty terms can be employed in the ORC current control loops to eliminate the uncertainty effects. The joint ORC control scheme can achieve fast dynamic response during the transient process and robustness against uncertainties in the controls of PMSM. Moreover, ORC is as simple and reliable as baseline linear controllers owing to its linear design principle. The proposed ORC is implemented in both simulations and experiments. The performance comparisons and analysis of proportional-integral (PI) controllers, sliding mode controllers (SMC) and the proposed joint ORC are given which show the effectiveness of the joint ORC current control scheme.