A series of inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants were synthesized by using aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, polyacrylamide (neutral & cationic) and polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride as raw materials. Effect of mass ratio of inorganic and organic polymeric flocculant, basicity, categories of inorganic and organic polymeric flocculant on the regeneration of coking wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions of preparation the title hybrid flocculant were: mass ratio 100, basicity 1.5, inorganic polymeric flocculant PAFC and organic polymeric flocculant CPAM. The removals of CODCr and chroma were 43.48% and 71.88%, respectively, when the pH of raw water was approximately 7 and the dose of flocculant was 360 mg•L–1.

The inorganic-organic hybrid polymer PAFC–CPAM with 100∶1 (w/w) and basicity 1.5 was synthesized and the comparison with AlCl3 and CPAM for flocculation effect in coking wastewater regeneration treatment was also performed. The hybrid polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum value of CODCr removal rate for PAFC–CPAM was 52.17%, higher than that of AlCl3 and CPAM with 50% and 40.91%, respectively, meanwhile settling time and sludge volume were improved. Characterizations suggested that PAFC was grafted onto CPAM chains through coordinate bonds due to hydroxyl crosslinking.

The liquid film thickness of a plug bubble in a micropipe is of interest in micro heat pipe, microfluidics, and two-phase flows. A novel optical technique was further extended to measure the liquid film thickness of a plug like bubble in a capillary pipe utilizing spatial fringe scattering method. The scattered fringes were measured by CCD camera and the calculated spatial frequencies were used to determine the film thickness between the plug and the wall. To demonstrate the capability of the newly developed technique, a validation experiment was conducted with water/air and water-honey-mixture/gas-plug flows. The velocity dependent film thickness can also be observed using this measurement technique. The interfacial film dynamics of oscillating plug/slug flows in a capillary channel was investigated. The Ripple effect of film thickness was observed when the oscillating frequency reached 2Hz. This newly developed method is easy to be implemented and it will be a very useful technique for micro heat pipe research.