Liquid metals (LMs) exhibit high electrical conductivity and can sustain strong eddy currents under alternating electromagnetic fields, endowing them with intrinsic potential for microwave absorption. However, excessive conductivity leads to severe skin effect, which confines induced currents to surface regions, suppresses volumetric interaction, and causes impedance mismatch, fundamentally limiting absorption efficiency. Herein, an interface-mediated discretization strategy (induced-current regulation) is proposed to regulate eddy-current behavior in liquid-metal-based absorbers. Gallium-based LM droplets were uniformly anchored onto Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanosheets via silane-assisted coordination to form stable LM@MXene core–shell hybrids, which were assembled into oriented LM@MXene@PDMS composites by directional ice templating and vacuum-assisted infiltration. Guided by Faraday’s law of induction, direct LCR-based inductive measurements validated the eddy-current regulation, revealing enhanced eddy-current contributions associated with engineered current pathways. Subsequent electromagnetic analyses, including invariant eddy-current coefficients and negligible magnetic hysteresis, confirmed that the dominant attenuation stems from artificial magnetic loss driven by eddy currents rather than intrinsic magnetism. As a result, the optimized composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of -52.11 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.1 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm. This work establishes induced-current regulation as an effective paradigm for overcoming the skin-depth limitation in high-performance conductive microwave absorbers.

ABSTRACT High‐efficiency red‐emissive organic materials are crucial for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting but remain fundamentally constrained by the energy‐gap law, which accelerates non‐radiative decay in low‐bandgap systems. Herein, two asymmetric donor–acceptor–donor′ (D–A–D′) red emitters, PPIPP and PPIPOX, were developed by integrating a benzothiadiazole (BT/BTZ) acceptor with phenoxazine and phenanthroimidazole donors. Both emitters exhibit hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) excited states and favorable high‐lying triplet‐state alignment, enabling hot‐exciton processes. Most importantly, distinct anti‐Kasha T 2 phosphorescence was directly observed at low temperature, providing direct evidence that high‐lying triplet excitons can persist despite the normally rapid T 2 → T 1 internal conversion. Furthermore, pronounced negative magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL) under high magnetic fields supports spin–flip processes associated with high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC). The resulting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit efficient red electroluminescence with high brightness. Mechanistic investigations reveal that triplet–triplet annihilation mainly replenishes high‐lying triplet populations, while efficient exciton conversion is dominated by the hot‐exciton high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) pathway. This work establishes anti‐Kasha T 2 phosphorescence together with negative MEL as powerful experimental signatures for validating hot‐exciton mechanisms in red OLED emitters.

As global concern over plastic pollution grows, the development of biodegradable high-performance materials has become an urgent necessity to address the environmental crisis. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a fully biodegradable polyester, has attracted substantial research interest stemming from its notable biocompatibility and processability. Nevertheless, its inherently brittle nature and limited thermal stability restrict its broader application. In this study, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was surface-modified with a silane coupling agent (KH-550). Magnesium-aluminum-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized and its properties were optimized through sodium stearate surface modification and sodium dodecyl sulfate intercalation modification. CNC and LDH were co-introduced into a PLA matrix via a solution blending method to prepare composite membrane materials. The results showed that the synergistic effect of 3 wt% Si CNC I and 3 wt% SSDLDH increased the tensile strength of the composite material to 96.8 MPa and reduced the water vapor permeability by 38.9%. This study systematically revealed the modification strategies of CNC and LDH and their synergistic effects on the performance of PLA, providing a theoretical basis and technical pathways for the development of high-performance biodegradable composite materials. It holds significant scientific value for promoting the application of green materials in fields such as packaging and biomedicine.

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) systems based on ion-selective membranes hold great potential in the field of osmotic energy harvesting. Currently, most commonly used ion-selective membranes generally suffer from high cost, poor biodegradability, and insufficient surface charge. To address these limitations, fast-growing and widely available bamboo membranes were employed as the substrate. PSS-modified bamboo composite membranes (PSS-BM) were then successfully fabricated via a simple dip-coating process using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) solution. This membrane possesses the merits of extremely low cost, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. More importantly, PSS endows the PSS-BM with a substantially enhanced surface charge density (an increase of 518.2% compared to NBM), and the membrane achieves a remarkable output power density of up to 59.23 W m−2 under a 500-fold salinity gradient, outperforming most reported nanofluidic membranes. Furthermore, by implementing a space utilization strategy, the output power density under large-area testing conditions is substantially improved, achieving a maximum increase of 184.16% compared to the traditional large-area test, effectively alleviating the ICP effect. Excitingly, the PSS-BM-based osmotic power generation devices connected in series can drive a calculator, a timer, and a small LED bulb to work properly. This work provides inspiration for exploring natural materials for ion-selective membranes.

In this study, we have successfully developed a layered, porous anode-electrolyte integrated flexible solid-state zinc-air battery (ZAB) using a Zn/C3N4-CNT/PVA-ER composite. The solid electrolyte is synthesized by incorporating epoxy resin (ER) into PVA, and its morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, and water absorption/retention capabilities are thoroughly characterized. The resulting PVA-ER solid electrolyte exhibits a porous, oriented structure with excellent mechanical properties, including a tensile strain of 170 % and a stress of 0.37 MPa. It also shows remarkable resilience, withstanding various deformations such as compression, bending, and twisting, along with a high-water absorption capacity of 223.5 g g(-1) and a high OH- conductivity of 58.5 mS cm(-1). The C3N4-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite membrane is successfully prepared and applied as the anode, forming efficient ion diffusion channels through cross-linking with PVA-ER chains. The flexible ZABs based on Zn/C3N4-CNT/PVA-ER demonstrated outstanding performance, including a long operational life of over 74 h, a high-power density of 112.6 mW cm(-2), and a specific capacity of 770.8 mAh g(-1). This work introduces innovative in-situ crosslinking and electrode-electrolyte integration strategies, advancing the development of high-performance flexible ZABs and paving the way for their application in wearable electronics and biologically inspired systems.

Balanced carrier injection/transport and high color purity are critical for highly efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence (EL) emitters. Herein, two novel structurally simple NUV donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecules, namely CZ-PPCN and TPA-PPCN, with a benzene π-bridge containing carbazole/triphenylamine as donors and benzonitrile as the acceptor were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited hybrid local charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics. The introduction of the benzonitrile group of the CZ-PPCN molecule not only enhances charge carrier injection but also promotes hole and electron mobility balance through the formation of supramolecular hydrogen bonds (both up to 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1). The non-doped and doped devices fabricated using CZ-PPCN exhibit the best excellent EL performances. As a result, the non-doped device of the CZ-PPCN emitter exhibits a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 6.42%, and the device exhibits deep-blue emission with Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.154, 0.075). More importantly, the CZ-PPCN-based doped device exhibits EL emission peaks at 405 nm with CIE coordinates of (0.159, 0.040), while still retaining a high EQE of 7.14%. This work provides a simple design strategy for advancing next-generation NUV emitters with balanced carrier mobility and superior color purity.

Achieving high-quality near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescent devices is a significant but challenging task. Herein, a novel NUV emitter, namely DTDPFDA, based on the fluorene it-bridge with hybrid local charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics was designed and synthesized. Benefitting from its appropriate molecular stacking, it forms rich intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, effectively alleviating the inherent contradiction between wide-bandgap NUV emission, photoluminescence efficiency, carrier injection and transport. Ultimately, the non-doped electroluminescent device with DTDPFDA as the emitting layer showed a low efficiency roll-off of 1.7 % @ 1000 cd/m- 2, and the device obtained deep-blue emission with Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.07). More importantly, the doped device prepared after introducing the CzSi host exhibits an excellent EQE of 8.4 % and successfully achieves NUV emission with a CIE of (0.15, 0.03), realizing an outstanding NUV electroluminescent device, and its performance is at the forefront level in the relevant color gamut.

With the wide application of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) in the field of nuclear engineering, exploring the irradiation aging mechanism of EPDM is of great significance to improve the radiation resistance of EPDM composites. In this paper, the radiation aging mechanism of EPDM was investigated by a combination of experiments and multiscale simulations, and EPDM composites with excellent radiation resistance were prepared. The radiation aging mechanism of EPDM involves the crosslinking and degradation of molecular chains. The aging of EPDM starts from the breakage of α-H in the 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomer. In addition, the screening strategy of radiation-resistant additives was proposed. Antioxidants N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene-diamine (H), N, N'-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine (DTPD), and N, N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine (DNP) were taken as the main research objects, and quantitative analysis was carried out from the aspects of chemical protection and physical protection. The screening results showed that DNP has excellent radiation resistance and migration resistance. The prepared EPDM-DNP composites showed outstanding radiation resistance with 94% tensile strength retention after 300 kGy irradiation. This work contributes to understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced material damage and guides the design of radiation-resistant materials.

Red hot exciton emitters with high exciton utilization efficiencies (EUEs) are scarce. Herein, three red emitters, 2TPA, TPAPXZ, and TPAPXZCN, are designed and synthesized. These emitters have large rigid structures and large spin-orbit coupling between the high-lying triplet and adjacent singlet states. Photophysical studies show that these emitters exhibit anti-Kasha high-lying triplet emissions. Moreover, the MADN host is doped with 5 wt.% of these emitters, which inhibits the internal conversion (IC) rate (kICTn similar to 108 s-1) of the high-lying triplet state, making it similar to the high-lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) rate (khRISC similar to 108 s-1). It provides a basis for doped devices to achieve high EUEs. Using 2TPA, TPAPXZ, and TPAPXZCN as emissive layers, the doped devices achieve red emission with emission peaks at 628, 626, and 647 nm, respectively. Notably, these devices achieve high EUEs of 43.9%, 81.0%, and 62.6%, respectively. To this knowledge, the EUE of these devices is among the highest values reported for hot exciton material devices. This study provides a novel approach for addressing low EUEs of hot exciton materials and improving their design strategies.

Although the hot exciton mechanism with hybridized local and charge -transfer (HLCT) characteristics is a promising molecular design strategy, there are few organic deep red (DR) and near-infrared (NIR) HLCT-type emitters with high external quantum efficiency (EQE). Herein, this work reports three DR/NIR emitters with high EQE, TNZ-3PPOXP, TPANZPOXP, and 2PPOXNZ. These emitters show DR/NIR emission in the neat film, 664 nm for TNZ-3PPOXP, 718 nm for TPANZPOXP, and 724 nm for 2PPOXNZ. Interestingly, the emitters all possess hybridized local and charge -transfer (HLCT) characteristics and potential hot exciton channels. The corresponding non-doped OLED achieve high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) and NIR emission, 55.6 % @694 nm for TNZ-3PPOXP, 82.8 %@736 nm for TPANZPOXP, and 42.3 %@756 nm for 2PPOXNZ. More importantly, with these emitters as the guest, PO -01 as the phosphorescent sensitizer, and CBP as the host, the sensitization device achieved nearly 10 % EQE, 9.55 %@662 nm for TNZ-3PPOXP, 4.20 %@699 nm for TPANZPOXP, and 4.49 %@702 nm for 2PPOXNZ. To our knowledge, this is one of the highest device efficiencies based on HLCT as the guest.

Well-controlled and efficient ring opening polymerization of biobased ethylene brassylate is of great challenge due to its stainless ring structure that often results in inferior reactivities as well as the presence of two ester groups in the monomer that often lead to extensive intra-/inter- molecular transesterification side reactions. This report discloses a family of potassium phenoxide complexes that bear bulky yet flexible substituents. The bulky nature of the ligand could suppress undesired transesterification reactions, allowing the polymerization proceed in a well controlled manner, as revealed from the detailed kinetic studies that linear relationships between - ln(1x) (x denotes the polymer yield) and the polymerization time and between molecular weights of the obtained polymers and polymer yields. The flexible substituents on the ligand allowed more monomer accessing to the active species, which eventually gave rise to TOFs in a range of 3604-3780 h-1, that were much higher than analogues in previous reports. Moreover, systematic evaluation of the polymerization behaviors demonstrated that the catalytic efficiency of the complexes was closely related to the steric nature of the metal center, increased the steric congestion would give rise to much lower monomer conversions. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on the polymerization results, and such a mechanism was further confirmed by NMR monitoring studies.

Using cyclohexanone and sodium bromate as initiators, N-vinylformamide (NVF) is self-polymerized and grafted onto the pregelatinized starch (PGS) to form NVF-starch graft copolymer (SGC). Fe3O4 surface is coated by MnO2 formed by in situ chemical reaction between KMnO4 and MnSO4 to obtain modified nanoparticles (NFs). A novel M-starch graft copolymer (M-SGC) is combined from SGC and NFs in aqueous solution by sonication. The structures of SGC, NFs, and M-SGC are characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET, and H-1-NMR. The adsorption mechanism by M-SGC is investigated by FTIR and XPS. The results show that M-SGC has the ability to adsorb Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr2O72- from aqueous solutions with high efficiency. Cu2+ and Ni2+ are removed by amide bond chelation and ion exchange of M-SGC. The Cr2O72- is separated by chelation through turned to trivalent chromium. M-SGC adsorbs 274.6 mg g(-1) Cu2+ in 3.0 g L-1 copper solution, 8.92 mg g(-1) Ni2+ in 0.5 g L-1 nickel solution, and 36.5 mg g(-1) Cr2O72- in 1.2 g L-1 potassium dichromate solution. The adsorption experiments of M-SGC has a good recyclability.

In this work, the effects of inorganic filler graphite (GE) modified ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) on the radiation resistance of EPDM composites were systematically studied by combining experiment and simulation. The mechanical properties of EPDM with different contents of GE under different radiation doses were analyzed by a tensile strength test. The changes in rubber network structures during the radiation process of EPDM sealing materials were speculated to be due to the compression permanent deformation. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images clearly showed that GE played a protective role in the EPDM matrix under the synergistic effect of gamma-rays and high temperature. In addition, the fraction free volume (FFV) of the material, mean square displacement (MSD) and diffusion coefficient (D) of oxygen in the system were quantitatively studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD simulation results indicated that the addition of GE could reduce the activity space of oxygen in the material and weaken the migration and diffusion of oxygen. This work is expected to provide guidance for the design and preparation of radiation-resistant materials.

The crystalline cellulose has captured much attention as reinforcement material in rubber composites, but no successful cases have been found till now. Here, a facile approach of cellulose utilization was proposed by in-situ regenerating cellulose in dry rubber matrix. Cellulose was dissolved in ionic liquid (IL), and then directly mixed with dry rubber, silica, and other ingredients. Taking advantages of the strong interaction between IL and silica, the dissolution equilibrium of cellulose/IL was destroyed and resulted in the regeneration of cellulose crystals in rubber matrix. The regenerated cellulose appeared at dry blending stage, and showed an ideal rod-like shape (10-100 nm in diameter and 200-500 nm in length). While it grew in size at curing stage, and finally reached 100-200 nm in diameter and 1-2 mu m in length. The regenerated cellulose exhibited pronounced reinforcement efficiency. This methodology has no any waste liquid discharged, and has a promising use in the preparation of cellulose/rubber composites.HighlightsNanosized rod-like cellulose was regenerated in dry rubber, instead of latex.Regeneration of cellulose was due to interaction between ionic liquid and silica.The in situ regenerated cellulose dispersed well in cured rubber compounds.The regenerated cellulose exhibited a good reinforcement efficiency in rubber.The whole machining process had no any waste liquid discharged. Graphical of in-situ reinforced rubber with rod-like regenerated cellulose.image

Due to the energy gap law, red emission needs relatively narrow energy gap, thus the nonradiative transition rate ( k nr ) grows exponentially and eventually impacts the materials fluorescent efficiency. Here, an orange -red emission donor-acceptor-pi-donor (D-A-pi-D') material N , N -diphenyl-4-(7-(4-(10-phenyl-10 H -phenoxazin-3-yl) phenyl) benzo [c] (Huang et al., 2019; Park et al., 2008; Caspar et al., 1982) [1,2,5] thiadiazol-4-yl) aniline (TBphPP) was designed and synthesized. Introducing a benzene pi-bridge between the strong donor 10-phenyl10 H -phenoxazin (PPOX) and acceptor 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTZ) not only is able to stretch the molecular conjugation so as to increase the proportion of LE state in hybrid local and charge -transfer (HLCT) state but also increase the overlap area of the electron cloud to improve luminous efficiency. As a result, the non -doped organic light -emitting diode (OLED) of TBphPP exhibited high luminance of 17,886 cd m - 2 and relatively high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of 44 % with a standard red electroluminescent peak at 620 nm. Importantly, the optimized doped device based on TBphPP achieved high performance that the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) was up to 9.86 % with a higher EUE of 66.2 % and the efficiency roll -off (eta roll-off ) at 100,000 cd m - 2 was only 3.55 %. Simultaneously, it has reached ultra -high luminescence of 180,583 cd m - 2 , high current efficiency of 29.02 cd A -1 and power efficiency of 16.47 l m W -1 . To our knowledge, the TBphPP device with such ultra -high luminance and high efficiency is one of the best performance orange -red materials based on HLCT characteristic.

An increasing attention has been paid to crack-based strain sensors due to their ultrahigh sensitivity. However, two main challenges with such sensors still need to be addressed. Firstly, most crack-based sensors face a trade-off between sensitivity and detection range. Secondly, the problem of low linearity occurs widely among crack-based sensors. This paper presents a simple and efficient method to obtain a multidimensional (1D/2D) crack-based stretchable sensor with dual conductive (electronic/ ionic) network. The process involves creating a hybrid conductive film consisting of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (MXene) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via vacuum-assisted filtration, and developing a flexible substrate with ionic conductivity through convenient UV-initiated curing. The prepared sensor exhibited a broad range of workable strain (0- 389%), high sensitivity (GF=216.8), rapid response/ recovery (165 ms/ 86 ms) and exceptional durability. Most notably, this strain sensor demonstrates strong linearity (R2=0.983) with the synergistic effect of the dual conductive network and cracked hybrid film, an advantage over other crack-based sensors. Therefore, our novel dual-conductive strain sensors, with its superior comprehensive performance, can effectively monitor various large and subtle human movements, including joint bending, pulse, and speech recognition. It is credible that this highly stretchable sensor possesses tremendous potential in human motion monitoring, personal healthcare monitoring, and human-computer interaction.

A family of titanium complexes (Ti1–Ti7) with the general formula LTiCl3, supported by tridentate phenoxyimine [O−NO] ligands (L1–L7) bearing bulky sidearms, were synthesized by treating the corresponding ligands with stoichiometric amount of TiCl4. All the ligands and complexes were well characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, in which ortho- methoxyl groups on N-aryl moieties shifted to downfield, corroborating the successful coordination reaction. Structural optimization by DFT calculations revealed that one of the phenyl groups on dibenzhydryl moiety could form π-π stacking interaction with the salicylaldimine plane, because of which the obtained titanium complexes revealed good thermal stabilities for high-temperature polymerization of ethylene. The thermal robustness of the complexes was closely related to the strength of π-π stacking interactions, which were mainly influenced by the substituents on the dibenzhydryl moieties; Ti1, Ti4 and Ti5 emerged as the three best-performing complexes at 110 °C. With the aid of such π-π stacking interactions, the complexes were also found to be active at >150 °C, although decreased activities were witnessed. Besides homopolymerizations, complexes Ti1–Ti7 were also found to be active for the high-temperature copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene, but with medium incorporation percentage, demonstrating their medium copolymerization capabilities.

Developing non-doped blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) and balanced carrier mobility is an urgent challenge. Herein, two blue molecules based on hot excitons were reported, namely PPIFB and PPIBF. Using a plane-rigid fluorene as the main conjugated pi bridge with a small torsion angle of PPIFB restricted the rotation and vibrational relaxation of molecules, which makes PPIFB achieve a PLQY as high as 90% in neat films. Moreover, fluorene participates in long-range pi stacking, enriching weak intermolecular forces and the introduction of benzoyl fluorene as an acceptor ushers in hydrogen bonding interactions, which increase and aid in achieving balanced carrier mobilities, with hole and electron mobilities up to 2 x 10-6 and 7.71 x 10-7 cm2 V-1 s-1 respectively. Also, the introduction of benzoyl fluorenes increased the contribution of the n-orbitals, resulting in a higher spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of up to 14.7 cm-1, which is beneficial for achieving high exciton utilization. The non-doped OLED of PPIFB exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.1% at 459 nm, which is one of the best results for non-doped blue fluorescent OLEDs. Herein, we propose a feasible design for enhancing PLQY, SOC and achieving balanced carrier mobility of the HLCT blue emitter. The non-doped OLED base on PPIFB with higher PLQY (91%), higher SOC (14.7 cm-1) and the balanced carrier mobilities.

Two molecules with HLCT characteristics were synthesized through fine-tuning the substituent on PPI based on the PPI–TAZ skeleton, and the non-doped device based on PPITZCN achieved higher efficiency with an EQE max of 7.5% and CIE of (0.16, 0.10).