BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to directly inhibit specific miRNAs and alter their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level; this mechanism is believed to occur in various cancers. However, the expression level, precise function and mechanism of circ_001680 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are largely unknown.METHODS:qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circ_001680 and miR-340 in human CRC tissues and their matched normal tissues. Bioinformatics analyses and dual-fluorescence reporter assays were used to evaluate whether circ_001680 could bind to miR-340. Circ_001680 overexpression and knockdown cell lines were constructed to investigate the proliferation and migration abilities in vivo and in vitro through function-based experiments, including CCK8, plate clone formation, transwell, and wounding healing assays. The relationships among circ_001680, miR-340 and BMI1 were investigated by bioinformatics analyses, dual-fluorescence reporter system, FISH, RIP and RNA pull down assays. Sphere forming assays and flow cytometry analyses were used to assess the effect of circ_001680 on the stemness characteristics of CRC cells.RESULTS:Circ_001680 was more highly expressed in of CRC tissue than in matched adjacent normal tissues from the same patients. Circ_001680 was observed to enhance the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC cells. Furthermore, dual-fluorescence reporter assays confirmed that circ_001680 affects the expression of BMI1 by targeting miR-340. More importantly, we also found that circ_001680 could promote the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in CRC and induce irinotecan therapeutic resistance by regulating the miR-340 target gene BMI1.CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrated that circ_001680 is a part of a novel strategy to induce chemotherapy resistance in CRC through BMI1 upregulation. Moreover, circ_001680 may be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker to determine the success of irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered to be an important issue in progression and metastasis of various human cancers, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). MiR-452 could activate of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. But the mechanism remains unclear.METHODS:The expression of miR-452 in CRC and normal tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The effect of miR-452 on CRC growth and invasion was conducted by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics and cell luciferase function studies verified the direct regulation of miR-452 on the 3'-UTR of the GSK3β, which leads to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.RESULTS:MiR-452 was upregulated in CRC compared with normal tissues and was correlated with clinical significance. The luciferase reporter system studies affirmed the direct regulation of miR-452 on the 3'-UTR of the GSK3β, which activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The ectopic upregulation of miR-452 significantly inhibited the expression of GSK3β and enhanced CRC proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, knockdown of miR-452 significantly recovered the expression of GSK3β and attenuated Wnt/β-catenin-mediated cell metastasis and proliferation. More important, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family of transcription factors, which are crucial downstream molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was verified as a valid transcription factor of miR-452's promoter.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings first demonstrate that miR-452-GSK3β-LEF1/TCF4 positive feedback loop induce CRC proliferation and migration.