Metal-steam thermochemical hydrogen production technology (referred to as metal-based hydrogen production) utilizes the reaction between metals and steam to efficiently produce green hydrogen, offering advantages such as convenient hydrogen production, mild production conditions, abundant metal raw materials, low transportation costs, and high safety. This paper systematically analyzes the disruptive impact of this technology on the four segments of the hydrogen energy industry chain—"production-storage-transportation-utilization"—and explores its advantages in terms of cost, safety, and reliability. Research indicates that metal-based hydrogen production technology is expected to reshape the structure of the hydrogen energy industry chain, significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen use, and provide key technical support for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy and the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. It is projected that by 2030, the cost of metal-based hydrogen production will drop below $2.19/kg, making it competitive with renewable energy electrolysis for water splitting.

Hydrogen is not only an important energy carrier needed to achieve the global goal of carbon neutrality, but also an important way of international energy trade in the future. This research analyzes the advantages and challenges of China's participation in international hydrogen trade in detail, proposes the possible routes of China's international hydrogen trade, and proposes specific measures to enhance China's participation in international hydrogen trade. This paper proposes that China should take green hydrogen as its development direction, and guide the development of China's hydrogen trade with the principle of blue green cooperation and gray hydrogen withdrawal. In the future, China's hydrogen trade forms will be diversified, and the types of trade will cover the entire hydrogen energy industry chain. Therefore, China should accelerate the overall deployment of hydrogen trade and the construction of hydrogen trade infrastructure, and build a more sophisticated hydrogen economy.

As a clean, low-carbon, efficient and renewable energy source, hydrogen has gradually become an important energy carrier to combat climate change and achieve sustainable development in the world. China is now facing the stress of realizing the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, where hydrogen will play a significant role. Against this backdrop, to develop China's hydrogen strategy under the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, this paper explores the hydrogen resource endowment in China, presents the concepts such as Hydrogen Ethics and the Hu's Hydrogen Line, and discusses the status quo and existing advantages in hydrogen production, storage, transport and utilization in China. Six major obstacles and challenges that China's hydrogen energy industry is facing are pointed out, i.e. cost problem, inadequate hydrogen infrastructures, low energy efficiency mismatching the development progress of renewable energy, insufficient market demand, shortcomings in technology, and imperfect policy system. Finally, five policy suggestions for the future development of China's hydrogen energy industry are proposed as follows: (1) make an action plan as a response to the national hydrogen development plan; (2) build an international and domestic double-cycle hydrogen economic system; (3) incorporate hydrogen into the establishment of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system; (4) accelerate the technological innovation to form advanced hydrogen technologies; and (5) construct hydrogen-oriented industrial clusters/parks to expand the hydrogen utilization market. It is concluded that for meeting the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, China should leverage the dual advantages of hydrogen as an energy carrier and an industrial raw material, allowing the hydrogen industry to play a synergistic role in ensuring the country's energy security, promoting the socio-economic transformation and upgrading, and protecting the ecological environment, thereby providing a technical option and support for China to achieve the ultimate goal of carbon neutrality.

The accurate pattern of systematic assessment of regional-level solar energy resource potential including seasonal variability and annual trends is essential during renewable solar energy project development. Understanding the linkage between solar energy potential and photovoltaic (PV) development is of particular interest to developers and financers. However, a dearth of long-term, high-resolution solar radiation data makes these patterns and linkages challenging, and thus techniques to improve these characterizations are of great value. To improve knowledge of the renewable energy potential and sustainable development, we assessed high-resolution global surface solar radiation (SSR) dataset derived from remote sensing, and explicitly linked spatio-temporal pattern of solar energy potential across different timescales and PV development in Tibet using geographical statistics methods. With the framework, we provided an intuitive SSR mapping and more than 330 kWh/m(2) of PV power potential was predicted in most areas of Tibet. We found spatio-temporal heterogeneity of solar energy seasonal variability: The SSR variation is less than 26% in most areas of Tibet in spring and summer, greater than 30% for autumn and winter; while the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River remains at a low level. We also found PV power was not affected by SSR annual trends in most areas of Tibet during 2000-2016, ranging from -2 to 2 kWh/m(2) per year. Additionally, we identified the mismatch between solar energy potential and PV development, characterized by a low average PV installed capacity with affluent solar energy potential, unstable power generation and a high light abandonment rate for PV. The main challenges facing long-term strategic development plans for solar PV was also assessed. Framework and findings herein provide a helpful guide to those responsible for making better decisions in some of the key stages of solar energy development at local and regional scale.

Advanced biogas power generation technology has been attracting attentions, which contributes to the waste disposal and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This work proposes and models a novel biogas-fed hybrid power generation system consisting of solid oxide fuel cell, water gas shift reaction, thermal swing adsorption and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (SOFC-WGS-TSA-PEMFC). The thermodynamic, exergetic, and thermo-economic analyses of this hybrid system for power generation were conducted to comprehensively evaluate its performance. It was found that the novel biogas-fed hybrid system has a gross energy conversion efficiency of 68.63% and exergy efficiency of 65.36%, indicating high efficiency for this kind of hybrid power technology. The market sensitivity analysis showed that the hybrid system also has a low sensitivity to market price fluctuation. Under the current subsidy level for the distributed biogas power plant, the levelized cost of energy can be lowered to 0.02942 $/kWh for a 1 MW scale system. Accordingly, the payback period and annual return on investment can reach 1.4 year and about 20%, respectively. These results reveal that the proposed hybrid system is promising and economically feasible as a distributed power plant, especially for the small power scale (no more than 2 MW). (c) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This paper discusses the current development strategy, technology and industrialization of China's hydrogen energy industry in the transportation field, summarizes the characteristics and development experience, and makes a comparative study with the situation of some developed countries. The results show that the current development of hydrogen energy has formed a broad consensus in China and is becoming the overall development of China's national level consciousness. However, China's hydrogen energy industry is still facing problems such as high cost of comprehensive utilization, imperfect standards and regulations for hydrogen energy utilization, obvious tendency of industrial blind development and structural overcapacity risk. Therefore, some policy suggestions were proposed for the future development, such as strengthening top-level design, strengthening pilot demonstration, promoting the development of the whole hydrogen industry chain, and reducing the cost of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles in the field of transportation.

A theoretical and experimental study about a proposed mini-channel reactor was carried out to enhance heat transfer performance for metal hydrides applications, such as hydrogen storage, hydrogen compression and chemical heat pumps. The configuration of the reactor and working principles are described in detail. The predicted hydride bed temperature profiles in the reactor are compared with the experimental data from the performance test system, and a reasonable agreement is observed. The simulation of the hydrogen adsorption and desorption processes in a mini-channel reactor packed with LaNi5 is conducted, and the influences of some important parameters, e.g. the bed thickness, the number of the mini-channels, hydrogen supply and discharge pressure are analyzed. Comparing with the traditional reactors, such as tubular reactor and disc reactor, the mini-channel reactor has some obvious advantages, therefore can be recommended for applications.

千山风景区近几年名木古树发生死亡和植被退化现象严重,分析其综合影响的诸多因素中,土壤的水分状况是主导因子,通过对土壤水分状况的调查,分析植物的立地条件和生长状态,提出风景区森林生态系统对土壤水分状况的响应与适应对策。

The salamander as Hynobiidae Onychodactylus fischeri is amphibious animal,Is China’s rare amphibians animal.Has been included in the "national protection of useful or important economic,scientific research value of terrestrial wild animal list".The State Environmental Protection Administration and the China Endangered Species Scientific Committee in 1988 in the "China Red Data Book of endangered animal",the salamander listed as endangered species protection.Anshan city is currently only in Xiuyan County town of Huashan village three has a unique distribution area.And built the Anshan salamander nature protection area.

本文对鞍山湿地资源现状情况进行了详细调查,明确了湿地类型、面积和分布,查清了水资源利用情况及湿地资源消长情况,总结分析了湿地退化原因,有自然因素、人为因素和理念问题,特别是过度超采地下水资源所致.文章指出了鞍山湿地资源管理中存在的问题,并提出了湿地资源保护利用和建议.

The performance of a metal hydride reactor is highly dependent on its transport process. It is important to know how the transport process affects the performance, therefore two key parameters—heat transfer controlled reaction rate and mass transfer controlled reaction rate were introduced to explain this kind of effect. Moreover, a brief discussion about how to use the new parameters was given. In order to analyze the reactor performance and heat/mass transfer characteristics, a non-local thermal equilibrium model describing the actual adsorption process was formulated, and numerical simulations were carried out. Then the two parameters were applied for the same purpose. The result of the parameter analysis coincided well with that of the numerical simulation, which approved the validity of the two parameters in identifying heat and mass transfer characteristics of the metal hydride reactor.

High temperature thermal energy storage system is a key component of the solar thermal power plant.High temperature thermal energy storage system using metal hydrides,which has advantages of high energy density,low corrosion and ease of control,is a truly attractive option in the long run.An economic analysis model of high temperature heat storage system using metal hydrides was established,and the cost per kWht and the levelized electricity cost of various thermal energy storage systems were obtained.The preliminary estimate suggested that the cost per kWht of the "Thermal energy storage reactor + tank" system is about a quarter of that of the two-tank molten salt system.When the DAHAN plant applies the novel system,the levelized electricity cost decreases by 0.25 yuan/kWh.

A comprehensive performance evaluation index that reflects the heat transfer capacity of the metal hydrides reactor was introduced, and some advantages of this index were discussed. A mathematical model of hydrogen adsorption and desorption was set up, and the validity of the model was confirmed by experimental data reported in literatures. Numerical simulations about working processes of two types of classical reactors (tubular and disc reactor) were performed. The results of comparative study show that the new index can be used in a quantitative evaluation of the reactor performance, and it is more reasonable than traditional ones.

A solar energy storage system based on metal hydrides was proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation of processes of energy storage and thermal release were carried out. The dynamic behavior of heat and mass transfer in the metal hydride energy system were reported. Some factors which influence the whole system performance were discussed. The paper also made an economic analysis of the system, the results proved that the large amounts of metal hydride materials and the configurations of metal hydrides energy storage system involve a critical situation from an economical point of view. Then further analysis, particularly regarding the performance optimization and new plant arrangement of the metal hydrides energy storage system, has to be developed in order to attain the economical feasibility of the proposal.

The performance of 3 types of energy utilization cycles including the organic Rankine cycle, the single stage static hydrogen compression cycle, and the new multistage continuous hydrogen compression cycle were analyzed. Amulti-element valued model was used to evaluate the performance holistically, and the result showed that the integrated superiority achieved 0.721, which indicated the continuous hydrogen compression cycle is considered the best option among the typical compression energy utilization cycles and deserves thorough studying.

Based on the metal hydride heat pump s characteristics a novel solar heat pump drying system coupled with hydrogen energy was presented.The models of energy conversion and exergy analysis were set up.The flow and working principles of system was introduced in detail.The effects of different parameters on the system s performance were discussed based on an example of drying seeds.The results showed that the system has a higher SMER value,and it is affected by the quantity of solar radiation energy mainly.The goal of the system' s optimization is to increase the exergy efficiency of metal hydride heat pump,based on the quantity of solar radiation energy.The other orientation of the system' s development is to use the system coupled with other solar energy technology.

The reasonable use of waste heat has been one of the promising ways in increasing the utilization ratio of energy, while a metal hydride-based single stage thermal compressor shows great potential in recycling power from low grade heat. As the core part of a metal hydride-based hydrogen compressor, the reactor integrating reaction and heat transfer deserves in-depth investigation. In order to analyze the dynamic working process of a reactor, a numerical simulation based on a non-local thermal equilibrium model was conducted at 50×20 grid. Under the given conditions, the dynamic characteristics of both absorption and desorption were examined, and it was found that the reaction fraction X reaches 0.9 after 450s during the absorption, while the reverse process of desorption takes about 300s. The largest bed temperature differences during absorption and desorption are 11K and 25K, respectively. A pronounced asymmetry between absorption and desorption was observed, which is not desirable in the working of MHTC. However, by changing the transport conditions properly, it is possible to improve the situation, which was shown in the simulation results.

The traditional cold energy utilization of the liquefied natural gas system needs a higher temperature heat source to improve exergy efficiency, which barricades the application of the common low quality thermal energy. The adoption of a metal hydride heat pump system powered by low quality energy could provide the necessary high temperature heat and reduce the overall energy consumption. Thus, an LNG cold energy recovery system integrating metal hydride heat pump was proposed, and the exergy analysis method was applied to study the case. The performance of the proposed integration system was evaluated. Moreover, some key factors were also theoretically investigated about their influences on the system performance. According to the results of the analysis, some optimization directions of the integrated system were also pointed out.

The characteristics and control mechanism of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of metal hydrides are introduced including the general gas-solid reaction processes.From analyzing the progress of apparent and microscopic reaction models,related research works for kinetic models are summarized.Techniques commonly used in the kinetic measurement for metal hydrides and the relative data processing and analysis are reviewed.The insufficiencies of current models for the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation are analyzed and summarized,and the development trends for future research are proposed.