OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 13 obesity and dyslipidemia-related indicators in predicting post-stroke depression (PSD) and to determine the optimal cutoff values for these indicators in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations. METHOD:This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning 2011 to 2020, which included 3912 participants aged 45 years and older. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Adiposity Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Lipid Accumulation Score (LAP), Cone Index (CI), Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI), Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index, and its related indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR). Logistic regression analysis assessed the unadjusted and adjusted associations between these indicators and PSD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated for each indicator as a predictor of PSD capability to compare predictive performance and determine optimal cutoff values. RESULTS:After adjusting for confounding factors, 12 obesity and dyslipidemia-related indices were independently associated with PSD risk in women (p < 0.05), with 11 indicators demonstrating predictive value for PSD (all AUC > 0.6). Among these, the CVAI index exhibited the highest predictive efficacy (AUC = 0.693, 95% CI: 0.602-0.757, optimal cutoff = 128.031). Among men, 12 obesity and lipid-related indices were independently associated with PSD risk (p < 0.05), but all indices demonstrated poor predictive value for PSD (AUC < 0.6). PSD risk significantly increased with higher obesity and lipid indices. CONCLUSION:Among the 12 obesity-related lipid parameters excluding ABSI, all were effective predictors of PSD risk in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women, with CVAI being the optimal predictor. These indices can serve as simple screening tools to identify PSD risk and facilitate early intervention. Effective predictors for male PSD require further exploration.

Spectral imaging technology has gained widespread application across diverse fields due to its ability to capture spatial and spectral information simultaneously. However, conventional spectral scanning methods using single-peak tunable filters face the challenges of low optical throughput. Inspired by Fellgett's advantage in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, this paper proposes a tunable filter with multiple resonances to improve optical throughput. It is composed of a simple Fabry-P & eacute;rot cavity filled with liquid crystal. An artificial neural network is employed to match with the filter for spectrum reconstruction. Experimental results show a spectral resolution of 10 nm and a switching time of approximate to 23 ms between adjacent states. As a demonstration, biological specimens are spectrally imaged under different light conditions with good fidelity. The results suggest that the filter possesses over six times higher optical throughput than a commercial liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), leading to better spectrum accuracy for spectral imaging under low-light conditions. The compact and cost-effective design of this tunable filter enables seamless integration into imaging systems, presenting promising prospects for practical applications such as portable health management and food inspection in low-light conditions.

Silicon (Si) anode with ultra-high capacity and low cost are highly desirable for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries, whereas suffers from severe volume change that causes rapid capacity decay upon lithiation/delithiation. The development of high-performance binders to alleviate volumetric expansion and maintain integrity of Si particles remains a significant challenge. Here, reported is a novel organic/inorganic hybrid binder composed of partial neutralized polyacrylic acid (PAAS) and sodium metaborate tetrahydrate (SMTH), which achieves in-situ crosslinking upon drying wafer electrodes. The robust crosslinked network structure with borate ester bonds is successfully attained, and can be modulated by changing the content of sodium metaborate. The strong covalent bond network endows the hybrid binder system with superior mechanical properties and powerful adhesion, which improve the contact and integrity of wafer silicon electrode by suppressing volume expansion and exfoliation, therefore facilitating Li-ion migration and enhancing electrochemical performance. The resulting commercial micro-silicon wafer electrode with PAAS/0.08SMTH binder remains a reversible specific capacity of 1670 mAh g-1 after 150 cycles at 300 mA g-1, largely superior to that prepared with the original PAAS binder because its reversible specific capacity was determined to be only 1046 mAh g-1 under identical conditions. The in-situ crosslinked 3D network structure provides a facile feasible way to improve the high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Miniaturized hyperspectral imaging based on filter arrays has attracted much attention in consumer applications, such as food safety and biomedical applications. In this Letter, we demonstrate a miniaturized hyperspectral imager using a reconfigurable filter array to tackle the existing trade-off issue between the spectral and spatial resolutions. Utilizing tens of intermediate states of a vanadium dioxide cavity, we increase the total number of physical spectral channels by tens of times from a 2 × 2 mosaic filter unit, providing both high spatial and spectral resolutions for spectral imaging. The reconfigurable filter has a good spectral resolvability of 10 nm in the visible range with a wavelength inaccuracy of less than 2.1 nm. Hyperspectral imaging is demonstrated with a frame rate of 4.5 Hz.

Tunable filters are vital not only for dynamic display but also in the miniaturized spectral imaging system. Yet, the present tunable devices possess low optical throughput, bulky volume, slow response, or complex configuration. In this paper, the study proposed and experimentally demonstrated a compact tunable filter module based on metagratings combined with liquid crystals (LC). By the synergetic effect between the birefringent LC and the dichroic metagratings, the module possesses distinct transmissive features by electrically tuning the LC material, resulting from the polarization interference effect. A simple nanoimprinting method, which is suitable for the mass production of nanostructures is adopted for low-cost fabrication. These unique features endow the present tunable filter module with low cost, high optical throughput, and compact volume. As a proof of concept, a multispectral imager is built with this filter based on a commercial microscope. Experimental results show the system response is five times higher in optical throughput across the whole visible region than the traditional liquid crystal tunable filter and the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by 7 dB. Considering the feasibility of nanoimprinting, this module paves the way for spectral imaging in low-light conditions and on-site scenarios such as tongue diagnosis and food quality inspection. In this paper, the study proposed and experimentally demonstrated a compact, low-cost tunable filter module based on metagratings combined with liquid crystals (LC). It shows an optical throughput five times higher than the traditional liquid crystal tunable filter and better spectrum reconstruction performance in the low-light condition.image

OBJECTIVES:Previous studies suggested protective associations of vegetables and fruits (VF) intake with cognitive function, but evidence on specific types of VF was insufficient. METHODS:The current study included 4066 participants from 1997 to 2006 in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and 6170 participants from 2013 to 2020 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Dietary intake (using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls in CHNS and food frequency questionnaire in HRS) and cognitive function (using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified, TICS-m) were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the beta coefficients (β) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the association of VF with cognitive function (z-score) and its decline. RESULTS:Highest intake of total VF was associated with better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline. Differences in cognitive function z-score between the highest and lowest tertiles of VF consumption were 0.039 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.076) for CHNS and 0.063 (95% CI: 0.026, 0.100) for HRS. The corresponding differences in annual cognitive decline were 0.011 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.021) and 0.012 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.020) units respectively. Vegetables and fruits showed independent associations with cognitive function and its decline. In specific VF subgroups, when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile intake, cruciferous vegetables (β = 0.058, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.100 in CHNS and β = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.101 in HRS) and green leafy vegetables (β = 0.036, 95% CI: -0.001, 0.073 in CHNS and β = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.046, 0.117 in HRS) was associated with better cognitive function in both cohorts. Similarly, higher intake of dark-colored vegetables (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.030 for red/yellow vegetables in CHNS and β = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.007 for green leafy vegetables in HRS) were associated with slower cognitive decline in subsequent years. Moreover, rigorous sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support the potential beneficial roles of VF, especially cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and red/yellow vegetables, in maintaining cognitive function and slowing cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Dietary antioxidants have been postulated to prevent age-related cognitive decline. However, the optimal antioxidant level for cognitive benefits remains unknown. MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched from inception to 5th September 2021 for cohort studies reporting the associations between the levels of dietary antioxidant, including flavonoids, vitamin E, carotenoids, and vitamin C and cognitive impairment, and dementia. The quality of all studies was assessed by the NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tool. Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-response meta-analysis using the Greenland and Orsini method with random-effects models were performed. A total of 14 cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing highest to lowest dietary intake levels, flavonoids was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment and dementia (RR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.98), while no significant association was observed for vitamin E, carotenoids and vitamin C (RR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.58–1.27, RR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.64–1.10, RR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68–1.11, respectively). In dose-response analysis, a J-shaped relation was observed for dietary vitamin C intake with protective associations detected for less than 85 mg/day intake (P<0.05 for non-linearity). Meanwhile a significant linear protective relation was observed for dietary carotenoids (range, 0-20mg/day, RR = 0.98, [0.95-1.00] for each 1mg/day increment) (P<0.05 for linearity). The meta-analysis results suggest potential beneficial roles of long-term intake of dietary flavonoids, carotenoids and vitamin C in the primary prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with lower levels of cognitive function in older adults. However, evidence on the potential role of T2DM management in age-related cognitive function is limited. To explore the prospective association of T2DM and its management with cognitive function among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. This study included 7,230 participants without baseline brain damage, mental retardation, or memory-related diseases from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011-2012. Fasting plasma glucose and self-reported information on T2DM diagnosis and treatment was assessed at baseline. Participants were then categorized into normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and T2DM (including untreated T2DM and treated T2DM) groups. Cognitive function, including episodic memory and executive function, was assessed by the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) every two years until 2015. We used the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to examine the association of baseline T2DM status and cognitive function in succeeding years. Compared to those with normoglycemia, participants with T2DM tended to have lower level of overall cognitive function (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.43, -0.02) after controlling for demographic variables, lifestyles, follow-up time, and major clinical factors. In particular, the strong association was mainly observed for those with untreated T2DM (β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.07), especially in the domain of executive function (β = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.06) and among those ≥60 years (β = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.23). In general, individuals with IFG and treated T2DM had similar levels of cognitive function with normoglycemia participants. Our findings supported the detrimental role of T2DM especially untreated T2DM in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Screening and early treatment for T2DM are warranted for maintaining better cognitive function in later life.

Background: Evidence on the association of the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with cognitive aging is limited and inconsistent.Objectives: We examined how the MIND diet is related to cognitive function and its decline among middle-aged and older adults.Methods: We included 4066 participants with baseline dietary assessment and >1 cognitive test from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2006, with a median follow-up of 3 y. The modified MIND diet score (range: 0-12) was calculated based on 9 healthy and 3 unhealthy food groups. Linear mixed-effect models were used to examine the association of adherence to the MIND diet with z-scores of cognitive function and cognitive decline. We also conducted a meta-analysis including our findings and 7 other cohort studies.Results: At baseline, the median MIND diet scores across increasing tertile were 3.0, 4.0, and 5.5, respectively. Participants with higher MIND diet scores had better global cognitive function. The adjusted difference in global cognitive function z-score for every 3-point increment of MIND diet scores was 0.110 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.060, 0.159, P-trend < 0.001], which was approximately equivalent to being 1 y younger in age. Consumption of nuts, fish, red meats, and tea showed independent positive associations with cognitive function, while fried food consumption exhibited inverse associations. In the meta-analysis of 26,103 participants, one standardized deviation increment of the MIND score was associated with 0.042 (95% CI: 0.020, 0.065) units higher in global cognitive function z-score and 0.010 (95% CI: -0.001, 0.021) units slower in annual cognitive decline.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive function and potentially slower cognitive decline in later life. Further large-scale observational and interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the cognitive effects of the MIND diet. This meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022330417.

Colorful radiative coolers (CRCs) can be widely applied for energy sustainability especially and meet aesthetic purposes simultaneously. Here, we propose a high-efficiency CRC based on thin film stacks and engineered diffuse reflection unit, which brings out 7.1 °C temperature difference compared with ambient under ~ 700 W·m −2 solar irradiation. Different from analogous schemes, the proposed CRCs produce vivid colors by diffuse reflection and rest of the incident light is specular-reflected without being absorbed. Adopting the structure of TiO 2 /SiO 2 multilayer stack, the nanophotonic radiative cooler shows extra low absorption across the solar radiation waveband. Significant radiative cooling performance can be achieved with the emissivity reaching 95.6% in the atmosphere transparent window (8–13 μm). Moreover, such CRC can be fabricated on flexible substrates, facilitating various applications such as the thermal management of cars or wearables. In conclusion, this work demonstrates a new approach for color display with negligible solar radiation absorption and paves the way for prominent radiative cooling.

A robust unbalanced Gires-Tournois interferometer (GTI) mirror for evaluating group delay dispersion (GDD) measurement by scanning white light interferometer is presented, and a novel processing algorithm based on scanning white light interferometer (WLI) is proposed to extract group delay and group delay dispersion char-acteristics with improved accuracy and low level of noise. The GDD measurement evaluation method is based on error analysis of manufacturing errors and spectral measurement. Spectral measurement is carried out to determine the resonance wavelength of GTI mirror. The sample was prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition. The relative errors of refractive index and layer thickness for the sample are estimated through reverse engi-neering based on multi-angle transmittance measurements. A novel processing algorithm the extrema searching method (ESM) is proposed that search the positions of multi-order extrema from reconstructed interferogram intensity to exact the GDD characteristics of the sample. GDD measurements performed by WLI with different processing methods are added to comparison including windowed Fourier transform, wavelet transform and time-domain scanning method. The results show that our method is reliable and effective for GDD measurement with a good accuracy and low level of noise.

Background: The Cognitive role of untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been less well substantiated. Objective: We sought to explore the prospective association of T2DM and untreated T2DM with cognitive function among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods: Data of 7,230 participants without baseline brain damage/mental retardation, or memory-related diseases in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011– 2012 to 2015, were analyzed. Fasting plasma glucose and self-reported information on T2DM diagnosis and treatment were assessed. Participants were categorized into normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and T2DM (including untreated and treated T2DM) groups. Episodic memory and executive function were assessed by modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status every two years. We used generalized estimating equation model to examine the association of baseline T2DM status with cognitive function in succeedingyears. Results: Compared to those with normoglycemia, T2DM was associated with worse overall cognitive function after controlling for demographic variables, lifestyles, follow-up time, major clinical factors, and baseline cognitive function, although the associations were statistically non-significant (β= –0.19, 95% CI: –0.39, 0.00). However, a significant association was mainly observed for those with untreated T2DM (β= –0.26, 95% CI: –0.47, –0.04), especially in the domain of executive function (β= –0.19, 95% CI: –0.35, –0.03). In general, IFG and treated T2DM individuals had similar levels of cognitive function with normoglycemia participants. Conclusion: Our findings supported a detrimental role of untreated T2DM on cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Screening and early treatment for T2DM are warranted for maintaining better cognitive function in later life.

Developing durable antireflection (AR) coatings with sapphire-like hardness and high transparency faces a significant challenge. Conventionally, achieving these requirements involves depositing thick, high-hardness nitride films. Here, we proposed an alternative approach that combines nanolaminate materials with optical design, overcoming the brittleness of thick nitride films. We selected Ta2O5/Si3N4 nanolaminates with similar refractive indices, improving tribological and optical performance through a unique optomechanical method. Our proposed AR coating exhibited a low reflectance of 0.8% (420-780 nm) and remarkable hardness of 22.8 GPa, and demonstrated the ability to withstand abrasion from steel wool up to 3,000 times on a glass substrate. This work successfully achieves a balance between hardness and toughness, opening new avenues for the development of highly durable coatings.

Dynamic structural color can empower devices with additional functions like spectrum and polarization detection beyond display or imaging. However, present methods suffer from narrow tuning ranges, low throughput, or bulky volumes. In this work, a tunable filter composed of a dichroic metagrating Fabry-Perot cavity and liquid crystal (LC) material is proposed and investigated. By modulating the polarization of the incident light with the LC, the color response can change from blue to green and deep red due to the 'mode jumping' effect, with a tuning range of around 300 nm. Besides, we experimentally demonstrate the use of this device as a spectral imager in the visible range. Experimental results show that spectral resolvability can be around 10 nm, with the largest peak wavelength inaccuracy of similar to 5 nm. This approach shows superior performance over traditional liquid crystal tunable filters in low light conditions and indicates the potential of dynamic structural color for miniaturized spectroscopic applications.

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is indicated in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, systemic anticoagulation is generally used to ensure the normal functioning of ECMO. Hemorrhage and thrombosis are two important complications of ECMO. However, despite adequate anticoagulation, some patients still experience thrombosis, such as inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT), after the removal of ECMO.[1,2] A meta-analysis showed that the incidence of venous thrombosis during ECMO treatment is approximately 10%,[3] but IVCT is rarely reported. We report two cases of IVCT after the removal of VA-ECMO cannulas.

BACKGROUND & AIMS:The neuroprotective roles of uric acid are still controversial. One possible explanation is that previous studies included participants with hyperuricemia, which might interfere with clarifying the association. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prospective association between plasma uric acid levels and cognitive function among non-hyperuricemia adults. METHODS:A total of 7828 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) who were free from hyperuricemia, brain damage, mental retardation, or memory-related diseases at baseline were included. According to the baseline plasma uric acid levels, participants were classified into low (<3.5 mg/dL for men and <2.5 mg/dL for women), low-normal (3.5-4.9 mg/dL for men and 2.5-3.9 mg/dL for women), and high-normal groups (4.9-7.0 mg/dL for men and 3.9-6.0 mg/dL for women). Cognitive function tests covered the domains of executive function (time orientation, numerical ability, and drawing) and episodic memory (immediate and delayed word recall). We used generalized estimating equation models to evaluate the average difference in cognitive function within 4-years' follow-up across different uric acid groups. RESULTS:Compared with the high-normal group, participants with lower uric acid levels were associated with poorer cognitive performance during 4-years' follow-up. The corresponding level of difference was -0.24 (95% CI: -0.47, -0.01) for low group, and -0.13 (95% CI: -0.26, -0.01) for low-normal group. The associations were significant and similar for the specific domain of executive function (P < 0.001). In addition, a stronger association was observed among participants with baseline age ≥60 years (P < 0.05 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS:Our study supports a potential detrimental role of low levels of plasma uric acid on cognitive function among Chinese adults without hyperuricemia. More research is warranted to confirm this finding and identify the optimal plasma uric acid level for cognitive benefits.

Wide-angle and broadband antireflection (AR) coating is of the essence in modern optical systems in many fields, which has a great influence on the stray light and imaging quality. A simple and convenient manufacturing method is proposed to address this issue based on a composite coating combining the nano-tapered Al2O3•xH2O (AH) structure and high-low index thin film stack. The optical properties of nano-tapered AH structure at various thickness are first studied and modeled in optics by several homogeneous sub-layers with the graded equivalent index. The designed composite AR coatings are manufactured by vacuum deposition and wet etching subsequently in the hot deionized water. Compared to the common dielectric multilayer antireflection stack, the composite coating presents excellent AR performance. The measured average reflectance values of the double-side coated BK7 glass are as low as 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.56% and 3.13% in 400-1100nm band at angles of incidence (AOI) of 6°, 20°, 40°, and 60°, respectively, while the measured average transmittance at normal incidence increases up to 99.3%. Finally, the process reproductivity, environmental reliability test including long term storage, high temperature annealing and 85°C-85% relative humidity storage of the composite coatings are evaluated. The proposed AR scheme provides a low-cost, efficient, wide-angle and broadband AR coating for kinds of large-curvature components and complex surfaces in fields of consumer electronics, automotive, security, etc.

Background: Both physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression pose a significant threat to aging population worldwide. The association between these conditions appeared to be in a bidirectional way, however the joint causal relationship yet to be fully understood in elderly Chinese population. Methods: A total of 4605 Chinese elders from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015) were included for the present study. Physical multimorbidity was defined as having two or more self-reported chronic physical conditions. Subclinical depression was defined by >= 12 scores assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The bidirectional association between physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression was examined using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. Results: During study period, 23.99% of participant reported incident episode of subclinical depression and 21.36% reported physical multimorbidity. In fully adjusted model, those with physical multimorbidity were two times more likely to have subclinical depression (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.71-2.46). Besides that, subclinical depression was associated with physical multimorbidity (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.50-2.46), but in slightly less magnitude. Furthermore, the bidirectional association remains statistically significant across different subgroups. Limitations: Chronic conditions were all self-reported and we couldn't adjust for all confounders, which may be subject to measurement error. Conclusions: Physical multimorbidity and subclinical depression was associated in a bidirectional way in elderly Chinese population, which highlights the necessary of covering a broad spectrum of aspects of clinical management among adults with physical multimorbidity or subclinical depression.