目的 初步探讨在桑给巴尔血吸虫病流行区采用养殖番鸭捕食水泡螺进行生态灭螺的效果.方法 选择中国援桑给巴尔血吸虫病防治技术合作项目组在奔巴岛实验基地的菜园作为实验观察区,饲养2只番鸭.设置实验组和对照组,对照组周围设置栅栏隔开以阻止番鸭进入.于第10、20、30、40天,采取全面细查法调查水泡螺成螺及子代螺数量,并计算成螺存活率.通过直接观察法,观察番鸭捕食水泡螺的行为.结果 第10、20、30、40天实验组水泡螺成螺存活率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.566、20.671、18.039、19.200,P均<0.05);实验组水泡螺子代螺数量为13～60只,低于对照组的320～963只.番鸭在嘴部滤水或吞食蔬菜时,可利用喙部碾碎或直接吞食成年水泡螺;子代水泡螺由于体型极小,更易被吞食.结论 养殖番鸭可以抑制水泡螺生长繁殖,提示可用于生态灭螺.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of environmental change in marshland after the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project on schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province.METHODS:The hydrologic data of Nanjing City in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River, and the data regarding the marshlands, the snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province were collected, and field snail surveys were performed in typical marshlands.RESULTS:Following the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project, the water level in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River appeared a year-dependent gradual decline tendency. The mean peak water level on January to March, 2012 (spring) increased by 0.41 m as compared to that before the construction of the project in 2002, while the peak water level on April to December, 2012 decreased by 0.32 m as compared to that before the construction of the project in 2002. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis showed a decline tendency in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. The area with infected snails along the Yangtze River was 0, the positive rates of serological tests and parasitological tests of the population were 0.73% and 0.004%, respectively in 2012.CONCLUSIONS:Both the schistosomiasis morbidity and snail status appear a decline tendency in areas adjacent to the Yangtze River along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Jiangsu Province after the implementation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Project.

目的 通过投放哨鼠监测长江南京段水体血吸虫尾蚴情况,对南京市经过3年大规模灭螺后的效果进行评价.方法 在长江南京段的上、中、下游各选择4个点,每1个点投放哨鼠30只,在7、8、9三个月的大潮时各投放1次.投放后,次日收回,饲养35d后解剖观察感染血吸虫情况.结果 3次共投放哨鼠1 080只,收回623只,解剖502只,均为阴性.结论 在全程督导下的大规模灭螺效果明显,对血吸虫病的疫情控制有促进作用.

目的了解南京市下关区医疗机构消毒质量状况,提高医院消毒质量,控制医院感染。方法参照中华人民共和国卫生部《消毒技术规范》2002年版和GB15982-1995《医院消毒卫生标准》进行检测和评价。结果2007年共检测各类样品853份,合格701份,合格率为82.18%。2008年共检测各类样品979份,合格816份,合格率为83.35%。2008年医疗机构消毒合格率为83.35%,较2007年的82.18%提高了1.42%,经统计分析(χ2=0.44,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义。结论本区属8家医疗机构在2007年消毒工作的基础上,建立健全了消毒卫生管理制度。2008年的消毒工作略有所提高,但效果不明显,仍有许多的不足。