射线参数水平分量是立体层析数据空间中最为重要的参数信息,梯度平方结构张量算法是一种针对图像的边缘检测快速算法.本文将叠前地震数据集视为图像,将梯度平方结构张量算法用于射线参数水平分量的提取,提高了立体层析数据空间的准备效率.高效率的数据空间提取使得高密度立体层析反演成为可能,数据空间加密后的立体层析反演精度以及叠前深度成像质量相比常规流程得到明显提高.基于二维理论数据与南海某二维深水数据的严格测试证实了该方法的有效性与稳健性.

The efficiency and effectiveness of the stereotomography is highly dependent on the quality of its data space, the so-called kinematic invariant. The structure tensor is a very robust tool for the slope estimation. In this paper, we present a highly efficient high-density kinematic invariant extraction method based on structure tensors. Compared with the conventional slope search methods, the presented technique can improve the computational efficiency by one or two orders of magnitudes which will greatly enhance the applicability of the stereomography.

立体层析反演方法是一种可以同时反演反射点深度、反射层局部倾角与速度结构的层析反演方法.该方法在实践中最大的特色是数据空间的分布可以是稀疏的、不连续的,因此完全克服了传统反射层析中数据空间拾取困难这一问题.该方法重新定义了层析反演的数据分量和模型分量,使得数据的提取不再需要沿着连续的层位进行.除地震波走时之外,炮、检点位置与炮、检点处射线的局部传播方向也被用来约束速度模型.将该方法应用于南海某二维深水地震数据,基于倾斜叠加能量谱对炮、检点处的局部传播方向实施交互拾取获得了可靠的立体层析数据空间,将其输入立体层析反演算法获得了可靠的偏移速度模型,证明了立体层析反演方法的稳定性和可靠性.

ABSTRACTIn the application of a conventional common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) stack, it is well‐known that only one optimum stacking operator is determined for each zero‐offset sample to be simulated. As a result, the conflicting dip situations are not taken into account and only the most prominent event contributes to any a particular stack sample. In this paper, we name this phenomenon caused by conflicting dip problems as ‘dip discrimination phenomenon’. This phenomenon is not welcome because it not only leads to the loss of weak reflections and tips of diffractions in the final zero‐offset‐CRS stacked section but also to a deteriorated quality in subsequent migration.The common‐reflection‐surface stack with the output imaging scheme (CRS‐OIS) is a novel technique to implement a CRS stack based on a unified Kirchhoff imaging approach. As far as dealing with conflicting dip problems is concerned, the CRS‐OIS is a better option than a conventional CRS stack. However, we think the CRS‐OIS can do more in this aspect. In this paper, we propose a workflow to handle the dip discrimination phenomenon based on a cascaded implementation of prestack time migration, CRS‐OIS and prestack time demigration. Firstly, a common offset prestack time migration is implemented. Then, a CRS‐OIS is applied to the time‐migrated common offset gather. Afterwards, a prestack time demigration is performed to reconstruct each unmigrated common offset gather with its reflections being greatly enhanced and diffractions being well preserved.Compared with existing techniques dealing with conflicting dip problems, the technique presented in this paper preserves most of the diffractions and accounts for reflections from all possible dips properly. More importantly, both the post‐stacked data set and prestacked data set can be of much better quality after the implementation of the presented scheme. It serves as a promising alternative to other techniques except that it cannot provide the typical CRS wavefield attributes. The numerical tests on a synthetic Marmousi data set and a real 2D marine data set demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness.

A detail analysis on common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack method is performed based on a unified Kirchhoff imaging theory from which an output imaging scheme (CRS-OIS) is derived. The CRS-OIS greatly simplify the implementation of traditional CRS stack from which both an enhanced prestack dataset and enhanced ZO image can be achieved. Thus, it can be seen as a significant improvement on CRS stack method. In this paper, the CRS-OIS is applied to the real data acquired in South China Sea for the first time. The general improved image quality and improved interpretability of target events such as the base of Paleozoic and Moho in the ZO image fully demonstrate its effectiveness.

本文基于克希霍夫成像理论,对共反射面元(CRS)叠加方法进行了深入分析,阐述了等旅行时面共反射面元叠加方法(CRS-OIS)原理及其测试效果.指出CRS-OIS是对于传统共反射面元叠加方法的重要改进,它简化了传统CRS叠加方法,可以同时得到信噪比大幅度提高的叠前道集与零炮检距成像剖面.该方法首次被用于南海深水二维地震数据处理,处理结果表明基底与莫霍面的成像品质得到明显改善,提高了剖面的可解释性.