The conventional material balance method considers the impact of crude oil, rocks, and their bound water on the calculation of dynamic reserves, but does not consider the distribution characteristics of oil and water in fracture-vuggy reservoirs to consider the coexistence of internal oil and water bodies, or water bodies connected to the outside, as well as the impact of dissolved gas precipitation as the reservoir develops. Based on the distribution characteristics of oil and water in fracture-vuggy reservoirs, a dynamic reserve correction calculation model considering the influence of degassing is established. This correction calculation model is used to calculate the three example wells A, B, and C that produce a large amount of gas in the fracture-vuggy reservoirs. Compared with the conventional dynamic reserve calculation model, the results show that there is a significant difference before and after the calculation of the three wells, with an error of over 20

The cyclic injection production operations in underground gas storage (UGS) facilities lead to alternating changes in effective stress, resulting in irreversible permeability damage and productivity decline. To accurately evaluate the long-term operational performance of UGS, a damage factor m was introduced to modify the stress sensitivity model. A productivity equation incorporating stress sensitivity effects was subsequently established. Utilizing experimental data on the seepage capacity of reservoir rocks from the X UGS facility and well test data from the XC1 well, this study analyzed variations in the maximum gas injection capacity during multi-cycle injection operations. The results demonstrate that the modified model provides a significantly superior fit compared to classical models. The damage factor m exhibits a power-law decreasing trend with increasing cycle, declining from 0.95 in the first cycle to 0.62 in the fifth cycle during the production phase. Concurrently, the maximum injection capacity decreased from 1027.35 × 104 m3/d in the first cycle to 797.62 × 104 m3/d in the fifth cycle, representing a cumulative decline of 22.4%. The rate of decline decelerated markedly after the third cycle, with the annual attenuation rate dropping from 9.7% to 3%, indicating that plastic deformation tends to stabilize. The proposed model effectively captures the hysteresis and cycle-dependent permeability evolution in UGS reservoirs. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for guiding UGS production operations and optimizing production allocation strategies.

Purely data-driven machine-learning methods are currently limited by weak physical interpretability; meanwhile, the sparsity of well-site data in oil and gas fields further degrades the prediction performance of deep learning models for reservoir seepage simulation. To overcome this bottleneck, this study embeds Darcy’s law-based seepage equations as physical constraints into the loss function of a deep learning framework, thereby constructing a physics-informed neural network (PINN) for seepage flow in porous media of oil and gas reservoirs. Numerical simulations are performed in heterogeneous porous media to compare the predictive performance of the proposed PINN against conventional purely data-driven approaches, via evaluation metrics including the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that both models achieve comparable predictive accuracy with sufficient training samples. In contrast, the PINN retains high predictive accuracy even with a reduced number of samples, and it delivers prominent superiority under conditions of sparse well data and strong reservoir heterogeneity. This study clarifies the applicable scenarios of the two aforementioned methods (physics-informed neural networks and purely data-driven machine-learning models) for fluid flow simulation in porous media and provides a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the accurate prediction of reservoir seepage fields and the optimization of oil and gas reservoir development. This work also offers a validated physics-constrained deep learning framework to guide the deployment of intelligent algorithms in practical subsurface flow engineering.

Gliomas are primary tumors that originate in the central nervous system. The conventional treatment options for gliomas typically encompass surgical resection and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. However, despite aggressive interventions, the median survival for glioma patients is merely about 14.6 months. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to explore innovative therapeutic strategies for treating glioma. The foundational study of regulated cell death (RCD) can be traced back to Karl Vogt’s seminal observations of cellular demise in toads, which were documented in 1842. In the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has systematically classified and delineated various forms and mechanisms of cell death, synthesizing morphological, biochemical, and functional characteristics. Cell death primarily manifests in two forms: accidental cell death (ACD), which is caused by external factors such as physical, chemical, or mechanical disruptions; and RCD, a gene-directed intrinsic process that coordinates an orderly cellular demise in response to both physiological and pathological cues. Advancements in our understanding of RCD have shed light on the manipulation of cell death modulation - either through induction or suppression - as a potentially groundbreaking approach in oncology, holding significant promise. However, obstacles persist at the interface of research and clinical application, with significant impediments encountered in translating to therapeutic modalities. It is increasingly apparent that an integrative examination of the molecular underpinnings of cell death is imperative for advancing the field, particularly within the framework of inter-pathway functional synergy. In this review, we provide an overview of various forms of RCD, including autophagy-dependent cell death, anoikis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death. We summarize the latest advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate RCD in glioma and explore the interconnections between different cell death processes. By comprehending these connections and developing targeted strategies, we have the potential to enhance glioma therapy through manipulation of RCD.

Phase behavior of hydrocarbon fluids in nanopores is different from that observed in a PVT cell due to the confinement effect. While scholars have established various models for studying the phase behavior in nanopores, the authors often ignore the effect of pore geometries, which can significantly affect the critical fluid properties in shale nanopores. In this study, we extend the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) using potential theory and establish models of critical property shift, considering pore geometries, adsorption, and water film. Our research shows that the critical property shifts, considering fluid adsorption, begin at rp ≤ 10 nm and are seriously strengthened with nanopore radius reduction. The extended SRK EOS is applied to compute phase diagrams of the 50% C1-50% nC10 mixture at different pore sizes and find that the thickness of adsorption and water film causes a depression in the P-T diagram and that the bubble point pressure is lower in cylindrical pores. At pressures above 6 MPa, the irreducible water saturation and pore geometries greatly impact the vapor-liquid ratio. This study is significant for evaluating residual oil distribution and studying fluid flow laws in shale reservoirs.

In order to limit the increase in global average temperature to 1.5 degrees C, it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 45% by 2030. CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the effective ways to reduce CO2 emissions. Geological storage of CO2 provides a solution with the lowest economic cost and the fastest effect for reducing CO2 emissions. This article proposes a CO2 storage regional division method based on the characteristics of low-permeability reservoirs in the Yanchang W oilfield in China. The storage space is divided into four regions: gas phase region, two-phase or near-miscible region, diffusion region, and oil phase region. As the displacement progresses, the volume of the gas phase region and the two-phase or near-miscible region gradually increases; the volume of the diffusion region first increases and then decreases. By calculating the storage capacity of each region separately, the total storage capacity is finally calculated. The impact of different pressures and injection rates on dynamic CO2 storage capacity was evaluated. The results show that pressure and injection rate are positively correlated with total storage capacity. When CO2 miscible conditions are reached, the increase in total storage capacity will significantly decrease. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We report a case of a 74-year-old man with diagnosis of concomitant primary cardiac tumor and right upper lobe of lung cancer. Both tumors were evaluated to be resectable with no further metastasis. A one-stage resection of both tumors through right mini-thoracotomy with endoscopic assistance was performed. The cardiac tumor resection during cardiopulmonary bypass was performed first, followed by right upper lobectomy and lymph nodes dissection with the same incision and position. Short-term results were satisfying and previous literature was reviewed to evaluate this method.

课程设计是工科学科考核理论知识系统化应用的重要组合部分,油气藏工程的课程设计依然沿用传统作业方式,进行简单的无反馈工程设计.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种全浸式油气藏工程的课程实践方式,将高精细的油藏数值模型位于黑盒,以高精度油藏数值模拟器为基础,设计了数据运行流程和设计课程内容的反馈模式.在新的课程设计中,学习者在对所学理论全面应用后,不断得到接近真实答案的结果,这与油气田开发过程完全一致,也有利于学习者更快地进入油藏工程师的角色.

Coalbed methane development is accompanied by the emission of a large amount of associated water that is rich in chemical substances. If the water is improperly treated, it poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is of great importance to manage the produced water. In this paper, the feasibility of reinjecting coalbed production water into primary coalbed is studied. We applied the reservoir numerical simulation to study the effects of water injection method, water injection volume, water injection position and water injection timing on gas production. The results of a case study show that while injecting 16,869 m3 of water, it can also increase gas production by 15,032 m3. This study prove that the reinjection of produced water into original coalbed to achieve water storage can also increase gas production.

Non-Darcy flow is observed in the shale gas reservoir because it is rich in organic nanopores. Generally, the permeability of shale gas reservoirs is modified because of non-Darcy flow. However, the viscosity is much less concerned. It has been verified that the viscosity of dilute gas depends on the size of the pore. In this paper, the viscosity of methane in organic slit nanopore is determined with equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation. The result shows that the viscosity of bulk methane would decrease with dropping down pressure, while the confined effect would make the viscosity of methane in the organic slit nanopore lesser than that of the bulk phase, and it decreases severely at low pressure. The confined dense gas viscosity model is obtained by theoretical derivation. The EMD results were fitted with this model to obtain the viscosity correction method for dense methane in organic slit nanopores. The dimensionless viscosity (μeff/μb) would decrease sharply with the Knudsen number between 0.1 and 10. Unlike the confined effect on the dilute gas, the potential contribution of the dense gas and the wall also affects its viscosity. Because of the confined effect on the dense methane, the flow capacity of methane is enhanced 1.5 times at least with the pore being smaller than 10 nm and the pressure being lower than 5 MPa. It means that keeping a low reservoir pressure helps to improve the flow of shale gas. This work can improve the understanding of the importance of gas viscosity with the non-Darcy flow in shale gas reservoirs.

Background Since the number of chronic disease patients is increasing, relevant prevention and treatment services have become important long-term tasks for primary care institutions. However, problems in the provision of primary care services seriously affect the perception of such services in residents, especially chronic disease patients. Objective To understand chronic disease patients' assessment of the quality of primary care services, providing evidence for improving the quality of chronic disease management services in primary care. Methods A survey was conducted between July and August, 2020 with chronic disease patients (n=630) selected from primary care settings in Guangdong's Chaozhou by use of multistage stratified random sampling. The Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Simplified Version (PCAT-AS) (consists of 10 domains, including first contact accessibility, coordination, ongoing, comprehensiveness, community orientation and other 5 domains) was used in the survey for understanding chronic disease patients' assessment of the quality of primary care services. Multiple linear regression was adopted to identify factors potentially associated with the PCAT-AS score. Results Altogether, 553 cases (87.8%) who returned responsive questionnaires were enrolled for analysis. The average total PCAT-AS score for all respondents was (95.88±13.44) . The top three domains ranked in terms of average standardized score were comprehensiveness (services needed) (7.89) , first contact accessibility (7.72) , and first contact utilization (7.58) , and the bottom three-ranked domains were coordination (referrals) (5.61) , community orientation (6.11) and patient and family centeredness (6.40) . Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that higher total PCAT-AS score was associated with living in urban areas in contrast to rural areas〔b (95%CI) =-6.983 (-10.598, -3.368) 〕, senior high school and higher education level instead of junior high school and lower education level〔b (95%CI) =4.046 (0.966, 7.125) 〕, permanent residents without the local hukou in contrast to those with local hukou〔b (95%CI) =-5.360 (-9.517, -1.202) 〕, good self-rated health instead of relatively poor self-rated health〔b (95%CI) =-4.962 (-8.438, -1.486) 〕 or poor self-rated health〔b (95%CI) =-7.787 (-12.789, -2.786) 〕, having a contracted family doctor instead of having no contracted family doctor〔b (95%CI) =4.686 (2.508, 6.865) 〕, first choosing a community health center for treating common diseases instead of a village clinic〔b (95%CI) =-5.865 (-9.951, -1.779) 〕 or a district/county-level hospital or tertiary hospital〔b (95%CI) =-6.061 (-11.330, -0.792) 〕, 4-6 primary care visits instead of 1-3 primary care visits〔b (95%CI) =5.876 (3.367, 8.384) or 7 or more primary care visits instead of 1-3 primary care visits〔b (95%CI) =9.045 (6.512, 11.579) 〕, and high satisfaction with primary care services instead of fair satisfaction〔b (95%CI) =-2.844 (-4.817, -0.870) 〕 or dissatisfaction〔b (95%CI) =-10.418 (-17.050, -3.786) 〕. Conclusion Overall, Chaozhou chronic disease patients reported a sound level of treatment experience in primary care. Specifically, they reported good primary care experience in three domains, including comprehensiveness, first contact accessibility and first contact utilization, but poor experience in community orientation, and coordination (including information systems and referrals) . However, urban patients reported better primary care experience than rural patients. So continued efforts are needed to strengthen primary care performance in rural areas.

In the widespread adoption of chemotherapy, drug resistance has been the major obstacle to tumor elimination in cancer patients. Our aim was to explore the role of TGF-β in osteosarcoma-associated chemoresistance. We performed a cytotoxicity analysis of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (CIS) in TGF-β-treated osteosarcoma cells. Then, the metabolite profile of the core metabolic energy pathways in Saos-2 and MG-63 cell extracts was analyzed by 1H-NMR. We detected the expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), STAT1, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in TGF-β-treated osteosarcoma cells and further tested the effects of these molecules on the cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Using in vivo experiments, we examined the tumor growth and survival time of Saos-2-bearing mice treated with a combination of chemotherapeutic agents and a HIF1α inhibitor. The metabolic analysis revealed enhanced succinate production in osteosarcoma cells after TGF-β treatment. We further found a decrease in SDH expression and an increase in HIF1α expression in TGF-β-treated osteosarcoma cells. Consistently, blockade of SDH efficiently enhanced the resistance of Saos-2 and MG-63 cells to MTX and CIS. Additionally, a HIF1α inhibitor significantly strengthened the anticancer efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drugs in mice with osteosarcoma cancer. Our study demonstrated that TGF-β attenuated the expression of SDH by reducing the transcription factor STAT1. The reduction in SDH then caused the upregulation of HIF1α, thereby rerouting glucose metabolism and aggravating chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cells. Linking tumor cell metabolism to the formation of chemotherapy resistance, our study may guide the development of additional treatments for osteosarcoma.

将综合素质教育为中心的创新创业思想融入石油工程人才培养模式中,并突出个性在素质教育中的重要性.在新型人才培养模式中,从教学制度出发,采取导师制、第二课堂及校企联合等一系列措施,对教育结构升级优化,最终建立并完善个性化人才培养模式.通过对石油工程人才培养方式的改革,将对提升大学生实践创新能力、就业竞争能力和持续发展潜力起到积极作用.

Nowadays, different types of complex production wells are applied in challenging reservoirs in order to maximize oil recovery. A representative application is the fishbone multilateral horizontal wells, which have advantages of expanding the drainage area information and reducing the pressure loss in the long single lateral wellbore. This paper investigated the performance of fishbone wells and derived a wellbore and reservoir flow coupling model for fishbone multilateral wells in the bottom water reservoirs. The new model considered plenty of parameters that may have significant impacts on productivity and pressure drop in the well, including the fishbone structure, the main and branch wellbores’ length, the spacing distance of the branch wellbores, wellbore radius, and preformation parameters. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis example by the numerical method is presented in this paper. Compared with other models, our coupling model, when it is degraded to horizontal well, is more consistent with the results of actual field situation. In another comparative analysis, the results of the new model with branches show a good match with the numerical simulation results by software. The proposed method in this paper can be used as a valuable tool to analyze the productivity, wellbore inflow profile, and pressure profile of the fishbone multilateral wells in the bottom water reservoir.

Context: Recruiters and practitioners are increasingly relying on online activities of developers to find a suitable candidate. Past empirical studies have identified technical and soft skills that managers use in online peer production sites when making hiring decisions. However, finding candidates with relevant skills is a labor-intensive task for managers, due to the sheer amount of information online peer production sites contain. Objective: We designed a profile aggregation tool-Visual Resume-that aggregates contribution information across two types of peer production sites: a code hosting site (GitHub) and a technical Q&A forum (Stack Overflow). Visual Resume displays summaries of developers' contributions and allows easy access to their contribution details. It also facilitates pairwise comparisons of candidates through a card-based design. We present the motivation for such a design and design guidelines for creating such recruitment tool. Methods: We performed a scenario-based evaluation to identify how participants use developers' online contributions in peer production sites as well as how they used Visual Resume when making hiring decisions. Results: Our analysis helped in identifying the technical and soft skill cues that were most useful to our participants when making hiring decisions in online production sites. We also identified the information features that participants used and the ways the participants accessed that information to select a candidate. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Visual Resume helps in participants evaluate cues for technical and soft skills more efficiently as it presents an aggregated view of candidate's contributions, allows drill down to details about contributions, and allows easy comparison of candidates via movable cards that could be arranged to match participants' needs.

The energy of fluid in oil reservoir determines the direction of fluid flow. In order to study the energy distribution of fluid in fractured-vuggy reservoirs, a theoretical model of fluid potential is established, and the 3D fluid potential characterization method is determined. The mechanism models of four typical fractured-vuggy structures, single hole with bottom water, single hole with side water, double hole with bottom water and double hole with side water, are use to study the change rules of flow potential, and five main control factors affecting the flow potential adjustment effect are determined, finally, the research on potential tapping of residual oil was carried out in combination with flow potential analysis. The results show that the adjustment of flow potential for the model of single hole with bottom water make the production wells work best. The model’s water multiple is the decisive factor, and the flow potential regulation effect is better when the water multiple is less than 10 times. The greater the discharge, the better the effect of water control for production wells. The proposed fluid potential solving model of fractured and cavern reservoir can truly reflect the changing rules of fluid energy distribution in the actual formation.

"油气藏渗流力学"作为石油工程专业主干课程,在日常教学中,多为理论知识教学,缺少实践教学活动.本文通过问卷调查,得出创新创业教育实际情况的相关数据.根据实际情况,以创新创业为方向,将其思想与内涵同"油气藏渗流力学"的教学计划及活动相结合.从课上到课下,从学校到学生,全方位、深层次、多方向地提出了模块教学、合理规划科技创新竞赛及跨专业联合教学模式三种教学改革方式.

As Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir has many fractured-vuggy units, pressure systems and seepage units, its oil-water relation is complex and the water body energy distribution is unbalanced. Therefore, studies on the water intrusion process before water seepage is conducted for the elastic drive unit oil wells in single fracture and single hole reservoir with closed bottom water. There exists a connected water body. The fluid expands elastically in the dissolved hole. As time goes on, the water intrusion is inevitable due to the pressure decay of the reservoir during the mining process and begins at some point. Based on the characteristics of the fracture-cavity reservoir, the intrusion water is considered as the bottom water, and the elastic water flooding continues to supply the insufficient of the formation energy. According to the Poiseuille’s equation, the pressure of the karst cave before water breakthrough and the incremental rate of the cumulative oil production in the dissolved pores both decrease exponentially with time, following the rules of rapid in the early stage and slow down in the later stage. Meanwhile, combining the improved material balance method of reservoir engineering to calculate the water influx during the elastic driving period before water breakthrough. Taking well-TH12523 as an example, water intrusion occurs during its elastic mining stage, and the elasticity and the water body drive together. The actual measured incremental rate of the measured oil production and the karst pressure varied with in the whole mining process are consistent with the dynamic prediction results of the reservoir .

塔北牙哈7井区碳酸盐岩潜山油藏储层基质物性差,缝洞较发育,非均质性强,目前总体呈现出底水快速锥进、含水高、采出程度低等情况.针对该问题,运用水平井测井解释和地震平面属性相结合的静态方法分析储层横向非均质性变化,再利用动态资料判断井间连通性,佐证静态分析认识,得到油藏井间连通性的可靠认识.结果表明,测井模型显示井区储层横向非均质性较强,地震属性预测判断YH7-3H井与其他井的连通概率较小;示踪剂监测结果表明YH7-H2、YH7-H5井间表现出相对较好的连通性,并由压力恢复试井、井间干扰试井及注采见效法得到补充验证.该方法在牙哈7井区应用效果好,为该类复杂油藏井间连通性的准确评价及该区油藏开发部署提供了有效指导.

塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏主要储渗空间为碳酸盐岩的岩溶缝-洞复合体,孔洞和裂缝分布复杂,非均质性极强,在储集空间上呈不连续、高度离散状分布.离散分布的溶洞储集体使得部分油井在生产和注水过程中表现出多套储集体参与流动的特征.面对此情况,塔河油田采用了高压注水开发方式,通过增大注水压力和注水量开启天然裂缝,以更好地沟通远端储集体,扩大注水替油的波及范围.文中建立了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏高压注水离散模型,对高压注水井的注水和生产动态进行拟合,分析高压注水过程中的油水流动规律,获取了部分油藏参数.