The development of integrated platforms capable of both monitoring and purifying pollutants is crucial for next-generation environmental remediation. Herein, we report a series of novel isostructural bimetal 0.5n[H2bpy]·[EuxEr1-x(dpa)(H2O)2]n·4nH2O [H4dpa = 5-(3, 4-dicarboxy- phenoxy) isophenic acid, H2bpy = protonated 4,4'-bipyridin]. By precisely modulating the molar ratio of Eu3+ to Er3+, we not only preserved the robust three-dimensional framework structure (as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy) but also successfully tailored its photophysical properties. The optimized Eu0.6Er0.4-MOF demonstrates strong and stable fluorescence, allowing for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of fluazinam (Flu) and tetracycline (TC) in water, with detection limits reaching 14.2 nM for Flu and 79.8 nM for TC, respectively. Mechanistic studies utilizing UV-vis absorption, fluorescence lifetime measurements, XRD, and XPS analyses reveal that the fluorescence quenching is dominated by the inner filter effect (IFE), synergistically enhanced by hydrogen bonds and coordination interactions. Significantly, beyond its sensing capability, the introduction of Er3+ endows the framework with suitable semiconductor bandgap characteristics. This allows Eu0.6Er0.4-MOF to act as an efficient photocatalyst, achieving a 94% degradation efficiency for tetracycline under simulated light. This work presents a synergistic dual-functional material that bridges the gap between contaminant identification and removal, offering a promising strategy for designing advanced spectroscopic sensors integrated with catalytic remediation technologies.

A novel composite material, Cd-MOF@Ag was successfully synthesized through the deposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto the fluorescent Cd-MOF and was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, FT-IR, TG, PXRD, XPS and BET. The results show that the Ag NPs were successfully compounded, and Cd-MOF@Ag was a new nanolayered structure of multifunctional material with good fluorescence and catalytic properties. Cd-MOF@Ag could achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of Emamectin Benzoate (EMB), Fluazinam (FLU) and Nitrobenzene (NB) with low limits of detection (LOD: EMB: 0.38 mu M, FLU: 0.05 mu M, NB: 0.02 mu M), revealing its good fluorescence performance. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of Cd-MOF@Ag was significantly improved compared with the Cd-MOF and Ag NPs. Cd-MOF@Ag could degrade RhB under visible light at a rate of 83.1%. Additionally, Cd-MOF@Ag could be used as a catalyst for the cycloaddition of epoxide and CO2 under normal pressure. The yield can reach 99%. Cd-MOF@Ag had good cyclic performance and universality. Finally, the mechanisms of fluorescence detection, photodegradation and photocatalysis of Cd-MOF@Ag were discussed in detail.

In this work, a coordination polymer [Co4(L)3 center dot(1,2-BB)4 center dot(HCOO)2] (CP1) was synthesized by using 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (H2L) and 1,2-Bis(1H-benzimidazolyl) benzene (1,2-BB) as ligands in hydrothermal conditions. CP1 is a one-dimensional chain structure, the L2- connects two Co atoms through the mu 4-x1: x1: x1: x1 coordination pattern. TPD experiments show that CP1 has abundant Lewis acidic and basic sites, which can significantly improve the catalytic conversion efficiency of CO2 and epoxide under mild conditions. Interestingly, CP1 can also catalyze the condensation reaction of aldehydes and propanitrile, and the yield can reach more than 95% in 30 minutes, and has good recyclability in both reactions. Finally, the catalytic mechanism of CP1 for the two reactions was discussed.

Based on 4'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid (H4bta) ligand, zinc metal-organic framework (Zn - MOF): {[Zn-2(bta) (bpy)2(H2O)] & centerdot;1.5H(2)O}(n) (bpy=2, 2' - bipyridine) was designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, X-ray single crystal diffrac- tion, etc. The asymmetric unit of Zn-MOF contains two crystallographically independent Zn2+ ions. Through the con- nection of Zn2+ ions via H4bta, a 1D double-layer network structure is formed. Adjacent double-layer networks fur- ther form a 2D supramolecular network through hydrogen bonding. Notably, Zn - MOF exhibited excellent fluores- cence properties and could efficiently and sensitively detect various water pollutants: 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Cu2+, and pyrimethanil (Pth). Additionally, the mechanism of fluorescence sensing was investigated. CCDC: 2432230.

Two novel zinc coordination polymers, namely [Zn(zgt)(1,10-phen)]n (1) and {[Zn(zgt)(2,2 '-bipy)(H2O)]& sdot;H2O}n (2), were designed and synthesized via a solvothermal method using 5-methoxyisophthalic acid (H2zgt) as the main ligand, with 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) and 2,2 '-bipyridine (2,2 '-bipy) as auxiliary ligands. Structural analysis revealed that 1 is a 1D zigzag chain, in which adjacent Zn1 centers are connected by zgt2- ligands. 2 also displays a 1D chain structure, and adjacent chains further expand into a 2D supramolecular network through hydrogen bonding. Both CPs serve as dual-functional fluorescent sensors for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of various nitroaromatic compounds and pesticides in aqueous solution. 1 exhibited detection limits of 25.8 nM for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and 26.5 nM for fluazinam (Flu). Similarly, 2 demonstrated high sensitivity with detection limits of 15.7 nM for p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) and 32.3 nM for fluazinam (Flu). Furthermore, the quenching mechanism was elucidated in detail, providing critical insights into the sensing behavior. This study not only presents sensor materials but also offers an approach for multi-analyte detection.

A novel terbium(III) metal-organic framework (Tb-MOF), namely: {[Tb4(Pta)2 (C2O4)3(H2O)8]& sdot;7H2O}nwas designed and hydrothermal synthesized based on 2, 4, 6-tricarboxylic pyridine (H3Pta) and 1, 2-dipiperidyl ethane (1, 2-bib) ligands. The structure was systematically characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The structural analysis revealed that Tb-MOF contains two independently crystalline Tb3+ions. Adjacent Tb3+ions form a 1D ring-like chain structure through the coordination of oxalate ions (C2O42-), and H3Pta ligands further connect these chains, ultimately forming a 3D network framework. Tb-MOF exhibits excellent luminescent properties and can achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of Er3+, nitrobenzene (NB), and tryptamine (TRY) in aqueous solutions through fluorescence quenching effects. Interestingly, Tb-MOF can perform high-precision quantitative detection of TRY in aqueous solutions based on ratiometric fluorescence sensing. What is more valuable in terms of application is that we have successfully transformed Tb-MOF into a stable portable fluorescent test strip. When exposed to ultraviolet light (UV), this test strip can directly show the fluorescence changes with the naked eye, enabling rapid and visual on-site detection of TRY, significantly enhancing the convenience and practicability of the detection process. In addition, XPS, fluorescence lifetime, ultraviolet absorption and other principles are used to explore the mechanism of fluorescence quenching.

A novel composite material, Cd-MOF@Ag was successfully synthesized by depositing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface of Cd-MOF. The Cd-MOF and Cd-MOF@Ag were systematically characterized by using SEM, TEM, EDS, FT-IR, TG, PXRD, XPS and BET. The results confirmed that the silver nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the surface of the MOF, and Cd-MOF@Ag exhibits excellent performance in CO2 ring addition and photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Cd-MOF@Ag shows a conversion rate of up to 99.5% for epichlorohydrin under mild conditions, and maintains high activity in four consecutive cycles. Under the presence of hydrogen peroxide, Cd-MOF@Ag can efficiently degrade Rhodamine B, basic fuchsin, and methylene blue, with degradation rates reaching 93.53%, 97.69%, and 97.58% respectively. Finally, possible mechanisms for photodegradation and photocatalysis of Cd-MOF@Ag were discussed in detail.

Panax quinquefolius L, a medicinal plant of the family Araliaceae, has been used in China for more than 300 years. The quality of its medicinal materials is a significant concern. Our previous studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote the growth of P. quinquefolius and facilitate the accumulation of the active ingredient ginsenosides. However, these beneficial effects are limited by the low AMF colonization rate in production settings, requiring interventions to improve the colonization rate. Biochar is considered an effective soil amendment. Our preliminary experiments indicate that biochar can enhance the inter-root microecology of P. quinquefolius, as well as increase the AMF colonization rate, but the mechanism was not clear. Therefore, we propose using biochar to increase the AMF colonization rate. In this study, we explore the use of biochar to promote the AMF infestation rate of P. quinquefolius and its potential mechanisms. The mechanism was explored by setting up eight treatments. The colonization rate and intensity of AMF in P. quinquefolius roots were assessed using a Trypan Blue solution. Rhizosphere soil microorganisms were analyzed by 16S and ITS sequencing, and secondary metabolites were identified via non-targeted metabolomics. The results showed that the AMF and 2

Panax quinquefolius L., with a history of over 300 years in traditional Chinese medicine, is notably rich in ginsenosides—its primary bioactive components. Although our previous study found that biochar application could enhance the content of ginsenoside Re, Rg and other contents in P. quinquefolius, its effect on the overall secondary metabolism of P. quinquefolius and its mechanism are still unclear. In this paper, the correlation between plant microbiome and secondary metabolites was studied from the perspective of plant rhizosphere microorganisms and endophytes, and the mechanism of biochar-induced metabolic reprogramming of P. quinquefolius was revealed. The results showed that biochar treatment significantly increased the accumulation of various substances in P. quinquefolius, including nucleosides, glycerophosphocholines, fatty acyls, steroidal glycosides, triterpenoids, and other bioactive compounds. Additionally, biochar treatment significantly enriched beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms such as Bacillus, Flavobacterium, and Devosia, while reducing the relative abundance of harmful fungi like Fusarium. Furthermore, it promoted endophytic Flavobacterium, Acaulospora, and Glomus, and suppressed pathogenic genera such as Plectosphaerella, Cladosporium, and Phaeosphaeria. These shifts in rhizosphere microbial community and endophytes structure and function were closely linked to the accumulation of secondary metabolites (e.g. ginsenosides Rg3, F2) in P. quinquefolius. Overall, our findings suggest that biochar may influence key endophytes and rhizosphere microorganisms to regulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. quinquefolius. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the potential application of biochar in Chinese medicine agriculture.

Two coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn5(L)2(phen)5](1) and [Cd2(HL)(2,2-bpy)(H2O)3](2), were synthesized by using 2 ',3,3 ',5,5 '-Diphenyl ether pentacarboxylic acid (H5L), phenanthroline (phen), and 2,2 '-bipyridine (2,2 ' bpy) under hydrothermal conditions. The L5- ligand adopts the mu 6-& kcy;2: & kcy;2: & kcy;1: & kcy;1: & kcy;1: & kcy;1 mode in 1 and the mu 5-& kcy;2: & kcy;2: & kcy;2: & kcy;2: & kcy;1 mode in 2. Sensing experiments show that 1 and 2 are fluorescence probes with high sensitivity and rapid detection of nitro explosives, antibiotics, and pesticides. In order to verify the ability of 2 to detect FLU in actual samples, we performed a spiked recovery experiment in green pepper water. The spiked recoveries were 97.77-101.18 %. Interestingly, because H5L is not completely deprotonated in 2, there is abundant hydrogen bonding, which makes the fluorescence quenching rate higher and the detection limit lower. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanism of 1 and 2 can be explained by their UV-VIS absorption spectra and orbital energy levels.

A coordination polymer {[Cd(H(2)dpa)(bpy)]3H(2)O}(n) (Cd-CP) was designed and hydrothermal synthesized based on 4-(2,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) phthalic acid (H(4)dpa), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and Cd(NO3)(2)4H(2)O. The structure was characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Cd-CP belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with the P2(1)/c space group and performs in a 1D double-chain structure. The adjacent double chains further form a 3D supramolecular network structure through hydrogen bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that Cd-CP has good thermal stability. Fluorescence analysis showed that Cd-CP had good choosing selectively and was sensitive to metal ions (Fe3+ and Zn2+), 2,4,6-trinitrophenylhydrazine (TRI), and pyrimethanil (Pth). Interestingly, when Cd-CP was used for fluorescence detection of metal ions, it was found to have a fluorescence quenching effect on Fe3+ but had an obvious enhancement effect on Zn2+. Therefore, we designed an"on-off-on"logic gate. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence sensing has been deeply explored. CCDC: 2258625.

Precise modulation of interfacial electronic structures is crucial for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron penetration effect (EPE), involving electron transfer from a metal core through a protective shell to surface active sites, has emerged as an effective strategy for tuning surface electronic properties and promoting catalytic performance. However, controlled manipulation of EPE remains challenging, particularly in regulating the phase structure of the metal core and the characteristics of the encapsulating shell. In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene-coated Ni nanoparticles were synthesized from a Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF-T/t) by systematically adjusting the reduction temperature (T) and time (t). Subsequent deposition of Pd species yielded Pd/Ni-MOF-T/t catalysts. Among them, the optimized Pd/Ni-MOF-400 °C/2 h catalyst, featuring a hexagonal Ni core, exhibited enhanced electron penetration across the graphitic shell to the Pd sites, effectively modulating the surface electronic structure and boosting catalytic activity. The catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in both thermocatalytic hydrogenation of benzonitrile (90% conversion, 99.0% selectivity) and electrochemical hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (96.5% conversion, 90.5% Faradaic efficiency). These findings highlight that phase-controlled electron penetration provides a versatile and generalizable approach for constructing multifunctional catalysts with superior activity under mild conditions. This work establishes phase engineering of MOF-derived metal-carbon interfaces as an effective strategy to manipulate electron penetration effects and optimize catalytic performance.

Two kinds of isomorphism three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOF, Co-MOF) namely, {[Zn (H2dppaa)(bpy)(H2O)0.5]n} (1), {[Co(H2dppaa)(bpy)(H2O)0.5]n} (2) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectra and fluorescent analysis. The single crystal structure analysis shows that both Zn-MOF and Co-MOF belong to monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. Taking Zn-MOF as an example, the asymmetric unit contains a Zn (II) atom, an incomplete deprotonated (H2dppaa)2- ion and a 2, 2 '-bipyridine (bpy) ligand. The (H2dppaa)2ion connects Zn (II) through a tridentate chelate bridge coordination mode to form a one-dimensional helix chain structure, which were expanded into a three-dimensional supramolecular network structures by hydrogen bonding. Zn-MOF showed good fluorescence sensing performance in water, and could sensitively detect a variety of water pollutants, such as nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC) and pyrimethamine (Pth), with detection limits of 0.40 mu M, 89.1 nM and 0.39 mu M, respectively, which could be used for the determination of TC in river water. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of Zn-MOF on TC was studied in detail. It was found that Co-MOF had excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), the degradation rate was 80 %, and the degradation mechanism was further discussed.

Obesity is a chronic epidemic caused by abnormal fat metabolism. As a key digestive enzyme, pancreatic lipase (PL) is an important target for regulating fat metabolism. The inhibitory potential of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP), 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (THPP), meso-Tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP), Cu (II) meso-Tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (Cu-TCPP) on PL was studied by enzymatic kinetics, multi-spectral, and molecular simulation technology. THPP, TCPP, TAPP, and Cu-TCPP all had good PL inhibitory activity (IC50 range: 97.49–248.70 μM) and were uncompetitive inhibitors. The order of inhibitory ability was: THPP > TCPP > TAPP > Cu-TCPP. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of THPP to PL was a mixed quenching dominated by static quenching, while TCPP, TAPP, and Cu-TCPP were static quenching. The binding of THPP, TCPP and TAPP to PL was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, while Cu-TCPP was mainly driven by a hydrophobic interaction. Four porphyrin compounds changed the conformation of PL, affected the microenvironment of Tyr and Trp residues, and induced changes in the secondary structure of PL, thereby reducing the stability and catalytic activity of PL. Hydrogen bonds played an important role in the binding stability of THPP, TCPP, TAPP, and PL.

A cadmium-based coordination polymer [Cd-4(L)(4)(1,4-bib)(4)]2DMA (CP1) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions, where H2L=2 hydroxyterephthalic acid, 1, 4 bib=1, 4 bis(imidazol1 ylmethyl) benzene, and DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide. The structure was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single crystal structure shows that CP1 belongs to the orthorhombic system, the space group Pna2(1), Cd(II) forms a 2D plane structure through L2-, and the 2D plane structure forms a 3D network with pcu topology through 1,4-bib. CP1 shows good fluorescence sensing performance and thermal stability and realizes efficient and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), Fe3+, and fluridine (FLU). The detection limits were 0.051 mu molL-1 (TNP), 0.65 mu molL-1 (Fe3+), and 0.14 mu molL-1 (FLU), respectively. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence detection of pollutant detection was explored and a portable test paper was successfully prepared. A portable test paper could not only selectively detect FLU, but also showed different fluorescence colors in different concentrations of FLU.

The burning of a large number of fossil fuels leads to the increase of CO2 content in the air, causing environmental problems such as greenhouse effect and ocean acidification, which has attracted wide attention. It is of great significance to utilize microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for carbon dioxide conversion and utilization. Herein, two MOFs {[Ln(dppa)(H2O)2.2H2O].dima.H2O.0.5O} (1: Sm-MOF; 2: Gd-MOF; H4dppa = 5(3 ' 4 '-dicar- boxylphenoxy) isophthalic acid, dima = dimethylamine, which is decomposed by DMF hydrothermal reaction), and its structural characterization and CO2 catalytic conversion performance were studied. The BET test of MOFs 1-2 shows that it has good microporosity. At 273 K and 298 K, MOFs 1-2 showed lower adsorption capacity for CH4, but higher adsorption capacity for CO2. The adsorption enthalpy of CO2 was calculated by Virial equation, and the adsorption selectivity of CO2 at different separation ratios was discussed respectively. The heterogeneity of MOFs 1-2 was proved by thermal filtration experiments. The reproducibility test shows that the catalyst structure is still intact after five cycles, indicating that the catalyst still has good repeatability. In addition, the catalytic mechanism of cycloaddition reaction was discussed.

Two new Zn(II) coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn2(L)(4,4 '-bip)2] & sdot;4H2O} n (1) {[Zn (H2L) (1,2 -die)] & sdot; H2O} n (2) [H4L = 5, 5 '-(ethane-1, 2-diyl) diisophthalic acid, 4, 4 '-bip = 4, 4 ' - bis (1-imidazolyl) biphenyl, 1, 2 -die = 1,2di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene] have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectra and fluorescent analysis. Coordination polymers 1 and 2 are 2D network structures. They both have 3D supramolecular structures based on the interspersion of 2D networks. They can detect 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP), tetracycline (TET) and fluazinam (FLU) by fluorescence quenching. And the possible reasons for the quenching of TNP, TET, and FLU were discussed in detail, which may be energy resonance transfer. These new zinc coordination polymers could be used multifunctional sensors on NACs, antibiotics and pesticides in the future. In addition, the results of fluorescence sensing experiments show that Zn(II) coordination polymers composed of different auxiliary N donors have significant influence on the detection limits.

In this paper, two metal-organic frameworks { [Zn(CIA)(4,4 '-BB)]& sdot;0 & sdot;75H2O}n (1) and [Co(CIA)(4,4 '-BB)& sdot;H2O]n (2) were synthesized by using ligands 5-methoxyisophthalic acid (5-H2CIA) and 4,4 '-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl)-1,1 '-biphenyl (4,4 '-BB) under solvothermal conditions. The structures were characterized by TG, IR, PXRD, BET, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. The results show that 1 and 2 form a threedimensional structure, where 1 and 2 have good thermal stability. Further study reveals that 1 shows good fluorescence properties and can be used as a fluorescence sensor to detect histidine (His), nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC) and pyrimethanil (PTH) in water. (LOD: His 0.23 mu M, TC 0.17 mu M, PTH 0.08 mu M, NB 0.03 mu M). However, 2 shows better photocatalytic activity and can be used to degrade dyes in water, such as BF (basic fuchsin) and MB (methylene blue). Under visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of BF is 95.5 % and that of MB is 76.1 %. Finally, the mechanism of detection of 1 as a fluorescence probe and the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of 2 are discussed.

Using a nitrogen-containing tricarboxylic acid ligand (imidazole-1-yl) benzene-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid (H3ttc) and lanthanide metal elements (Dy, Eu, Nd, and Gd), four lanthanide metal organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with the same structure, namely, {[Dy2 (Httc)3]·1.5DMF}n(1), {[Eu2 (Httc)3]·1.5DMF}n(2), {[Nd2 (Httc)3]·1.5DMF}n(3), and {[Gd2 (Httc)3]·1.5DMF}n(4), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The characterization analysis showed that the four isomorphic Ln-MOFs were trigonal crystals of the R3̅c space group, with good phase purity and thermal stability. Fluorescence analysis showed that complex 1 can be an excellent fluorescence sensor for Bi3+, HPO42-, and fluridine (Flu), while complex 2 can be an excellent fluorescence sensor for p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA). And their sensing mechanisms were discussed in detail. The fluorescent test paper and fluorescent seal were prepared by using the excellent luminescence properties of 1 and 2, and the pesticide on the surface of cherry tomato was detected. The applicability of these MOFs as fluorescence sensors was proved. Therefore, Ln-MOFs are expected to have unpredictable application prospects in the field of environmental detection.